DEVELOPMENTAL GOALS FROM 1990 TO 2015

United Nations Millennium Goals

What are the Millennium Goals?

The Millennium Goals were adopted in 2000 by the United Nations General Assembly in order to promote their six fundamental values.

Values of the Untied Nations (Directly from the United Nations Millennium Declaration)

Freedom Men and women have the right to live their lives and

raise their children in dignity, free from hunger and from the fear of violence, oppression or injustice. Democratic and participatory governance based on the will of the people best assures these rights.

Equality No individual and no nation must be denied the

opportunity to benefit from development. The equal rights and opportunities of women and men must be assured.

Values of the Untied Nations con’t

Solidarity Global challenges must be managed in a way that

distributes the costs and burdens fairly in accordance with basic principles of equity and social justice. Those who suffer or who benefit least deserve help from those who benefit most.

Tolerance Human beings must respect one another, in all their

diversity of the belief, culture and language. Differences within and between societies should be neither feared nor repressed, but cherished as a precious asset of humanity. A culture of peace and dialogue among all civilizations should be actively promoted.

Values of the Untied Nations con’t

Respect for Nature Prudence must be shown in the management of all

living species and natural resources, in accordance with the precepts of sustainable development. Only in this way can the immeasurable riches provided to us by nature be preserved and passed on to our descendants. The current unsustainable patterns of production and consumption must be changed in the interest of our future welfare and that of our descendants.

Values of the Untied Nations con’t

Shared Responsibility Responsibility for managing worldwide economic and

social development, as well as threats to international peace and security must be shared among the nations of the world and should be exercised multilaterally. As the most universal and most representative organization in the world, the United Nations must play the central role.

Poverty

What are the goals?

Reduce the following by ½. 1. The proportion of people

whose income is less than $1 a day

2. The proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

Global World Progress

Poverty rates fell from 46% in 1990 to 27% in 2005.

In East Asia the poverty rate fell from 60% to 20% in 25 years.

The amount of children underweight under the age of 5 has dropped from 31% to 26% from 1990 to 2008.

Lack of Global Progress

In 2008 the World Bank stated that roughly 920 million people will still be living under $1.25 a day (the international poverty line).

Malnutrition has risen since 1990 from 815 million sufferers to an estimated 925 million this year.

Where is Haiti?

Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world with more than 60% of the population living on less than a dollar a day.

Rural households spend almost 60% of their income on food; the poorest groups spend more than 70%.

Assessments show that 3 million people may need humanitarian relief, including food assistance, in the wake of the earthquake.

Even before the quake, 1.9 million people were ‘food insecure’, meaning they needed assistance to stave off hunger.

Only 50% of Haiti population has access to safe drinking water.

Poverty Statistics

Percentage of population living on less than one dollar per day (%): 2001: 54.9

Employment to population ratio (%): 1995: 53.4 2000: 55.4 2005: 55.0 2008: 55.4

Proportion of employed living on less than one dollar per day (%): 2001: 66.9

Unemployment Rate (%): 1990: 23.6 2001: 17.9

Where is the United States?

In 2009, 43.6 million people (14.3%) were in poverty.

In 2009, 24.7 million (12.9%) of people aged 18-64 were in poverty.

In 2009, 15.5 million (20.7%) children under the age of 18 were in poverty.

In 2009, 50.2 million Americans lived in food insecure households, 33 million adults and 17.2 million children

In 2009, households with children reported food insecurity at almost double the rate for those without children, 21.3% compared to 11.4%.

Poverty Statistics

Percentage of population living on less than one dollar per day (%): 2001: 1

Employment to population ratio (%): 1995: 60.6 2000: 62.0 2005: 60.0 2008: 59.2

Unemployment Rate (%): 1990: 11.2 1995: 12.5 2000: 9.3 2005: 11.3 2007: 10.5

Education

What are the goals?

Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

Global progress

Enrollment in primary education has continued to rise, reaching 89% in the developing world in 2008. In Tanzania, the enrolment

ratio had doubled to 99.6% by 2008, compared to 1999 rates.

In Ethiopia, net enrolment was 79% in 2008, an increase of 95% since 2000.

By 2008, more than1,000 schools were built and almost 28,000 students enrolled in Botswana, Egypt and Malawi.

About 69 million school-age children were not going to school in 2008, down from 106 million children in 1999.

Lack of Global progress (Sub-Saharan Africa)

More than 30%of primary school students drop out before reaching a final grade.

It is estimated that double the current number of teachers would be needed in sub-Saharan Africa in order to meet the primary education target by 2015.

To achieve the goal by the target date, all children at official entry age for primary schooling would have had to be attending classes by 2009. Instead, in ½ of nations in this region, at least 1 in 4 children of enrollment age was not attending school in 2008.

Where is Haiti?

Haiti has a literacy rate of 53%. Falling below the 90% average of the Latin American and Caribbean countries.

They face a shortage of teachers, supplies and schools.

School attendance was at 60% in 2000.

Haiti counts 15,200 primary schools, of which 90% are non-public and managed by the communities, religious organizations or NGOs. The enrollment rate for primary school is 67%, of which less than 30% reach 6th grade. Secondary schools enroll 20% of eligible-age children.

Education Statistics

Net enrollment in education (%): 1991: 21.5 Percentage of girls:

1991: 20.9 Percentage of boys:

1991: 22.1

Proportion of students that start first grade and graduate primary school (%): 1991: 27.4 Percentage of girls:

1991: 28.6 Percentage of boys:

1991: 26.1

Education Statistics

Net enrollment in education (%): 1991: 98.6 Percentage of girls:

1991: 98.6 Percentage of boys:

1991: 98.7

Where is the United States?

In the year 2000, there were 76.6 million students enrolled in schools from kindergarten through graduate schools.

Among the country's adult population, over 85% have completed high school and 27% have received a bachelor’s degree or higher.

The country has a reading literacy rate at 99% of the population over age 15.

In 2008, there was a 77% graduation rate from high school.

Of the adults 25 and up: 87% Graduated High

School 38%

Associate’s/Bachelor’s 8% Master Degree 2% Doctor of Professional

Degree

Gender Equality

What are the Goals?

Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education (preferably by 2005) and in all levels of education by 2015.

Global Progress

For girls in some regions, educations remains elusive.

The developing regions as a whole are approaching gender parity in educational enrolment.

In 2008, there were 96 girls for every 100 boys enrolled in primary school, and 95 girls for every 100 boys enrolled in secondary school.

In 1999, the ratios were 91:100 and 88:100 for the two levels of education, respectively.

Global Progress con’t

Despite these increasing ratios and percent ages, the 2005 target was missed and there are still large inequality gaps in primary education in Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa and Western Asia.

In the sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia regions, only 67 and 76 girls per 100 boys are enrolled in tertiary education. Completion of education tends be lower among women than men.

Lack of Global Progress

Poverty is the main cause of unequal access to education, particularly for girls of secondary-school age.

Women and girls in many parts of the world are forced to spend many hours fetching water, and girls often do not attend school because of a lack of decent sanitation facilities.

Also, if they get pregnant, many are not allowed to continue school.

Equality in the Workforce

Despite progress made, men continue to outnumber women in paid employment, and women are often relegated to vulnerable forms of employment.

The share of women in paid non-agricultural wage employment is slowly increasing and globally reached 41% in 2008.

It is still as lose as 20% in Southern Asia, Northern Africa and Western Asia, and 32% in sub-Saharan Africa.

Equality in Politics

Women are slowly gaining political power, mainly thanks to quotas and special measures.

Between 1995 and 2010, the share of women in parliament, on a global level, increased from 11% to 19% — a gain of 73%, but far short of gender parity.

58 countries still have 10% or fewer female members of parliament.

Equality in Politics

Progress in women’s representation in the executive branches of government is even slower. In 2010, just nine of 151 elected heads of state and 11 of 192 heads of government were women.

Globally, women hold only 16% of ministerial posts.

Global Progress

Providing secondary school stipends for girls in Bangladesh:

The Female Secondary School Stipend program in Bangladesh has provided money directly to girls and their families to cover tuition and other costs, on the condition that they enroll in secondary school and remain unmarried until the age of 18. By 2005, girls accounted for 56% of secondary school enrolment in the areas covered by the program, compared with 33% in 1991.

Global Progress

Furthering women’s empowerment in Mexico: Mexico has developed an innovative federal program called Generosidad that awards a “Gender Equity Seal” to private firms. Seals are granted through an independent evaluation that assesses a company’s achievement of specific standards related to gender equity, including recruitment, career advancement, training and reducing sexual harassment. By 2006, 117 companies had obtained the Seal. Similar initiatives have been launched in Brazil, Costa Rica and Egypt.

What is the UN Doing?

The UN Population Fund (UNFPA) and the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) are working in a joint program to reduce female genital mutilation and cutting by 40% between 2008 and 2012 in a number of countries.

In Cambodia, an initiative run by the UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), in partnership with seven NGOs, provided training in political campaigning and governing 919 women candidates.

What is the UN Doing?

UNDP supports the participation of women in the political process in Rwanda.

UNDP installed hundreds of diesel-run generators, known as multi-functional platforms, in rural areas across Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal to help ease some of the most time-consuming chores for women, such as fetching water, grinding and milling.

The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization supports teacher training and the development of learning materials that promote gender equality.

Where is the United States?

Ratio of girls to boys in secondary and tertiary school: 1991: .98

Share of women in non-agricultural jobs? 46.6

Percentage of seats held by women in the national parliament: 1997: 11.7 2005: 14.9 2010: 16.8

Where is Haiti?

Ratio of girls to boys in secondary and tertiary school: 1991: .95

Share of women in non-agricultural jobs? 44.2

Percentage of seats held by women in the national parliament: 1997: 3.6 2005: 3.6 2010: 4.1

Child Health

What are the Goals?

Reduce the following by 2/3rds: Reduce under-five

mortality rate Reduce infant

mortality rate Proportion of one-year

old children against measles

Global Progress

The following countries have made significant strides and have reduced their child mortality rate by 50%:

Bangladesh, Bolivia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Liberia, Madagascar, Nepal, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan

Mortality rate for children under five: 1995: 99/1000

12.4 million children 2009: 66/1000

8.1 million children

Lack of Global Progress

64 countries still have high child mortality rates (defined as 40 or more deaths per 1000) and only 9 are on track to meeting the millennium goal

Sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia have the highest mortality rates

What Causes Child Mortality?

Most child mortalities are preventable. The causes of child mortality mostly consist of: Death of curable

diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia

Lack of immunization Undernutrition Lack of clean drinking

water

Where is Haiti?

According to the United Nations, Haiti is currently off track to meet the goals provided.

Although the mortality rates have been decreasing, they have not been decreasing at a quick enough rate to meet the 2015 goal of 2/3rds from 1990 to 2015 This would have reduced

under-five childhood mortality from 152.4 to 50.8 children per 1000 children

Mortality Rates

Number of under-five mortalities per 1000 births: 1990: 152.4 1995: 131.4 2000: 113.3 2005: 97.7 2009: 86.7

Number of infant mortalities per 1000 births: 1990: 105 1995: 98 2000: 78 2005: 62 2008: 54

Undernutrition

Prevalence of moderately to severe underweight children under five (%): 1990: 26.8 1995: 27.5 2000: 17.3 2006: 22.2

Prevalence of severely underweight children under five (%): 1990: No data 1995: 8.1 2000: 3.7 2006: 6.0

Immunization

Number of children immunized against measles (%): 1990: 31 1995: 49 2000: 55 2005: 58 2008: 58

Where is the United States?

Although the United States has not minimized child mortality rates by 2/3rds, the current rate is extremely low and is not of a concern to the United Nations.

Mortality Rates

Number of under-five mortalities per 1000 births: 1990: 11.2 1995: 9.5 2000: 8.4 2005: 8.0 2009: 7.8

Number of infant mortalities per 1000 births: 1990: 9 1995: 8 2000: 7 2005: 7 2008: 7

Undernutrition

Prevalence of moderately to severe underweight children under five (%): 1991: 1.4 2002: 1.6 2006: No data

Prevalence of severely underweight children under five (%): 1991: 0.1 2002: 0.0 2006: No data

Immunization

Number of children immunized against measles (%): 1990: 90 1995: 88 2000: 91 2005: 92 2008: 92

Maternal Health

What are the Goals?To reduce by 3/4ths the

maternal mortality ratio Increase access to skilled

care during child birth Maternal Mortality Ratio

Achieve universal access to reproductive health care Educate women on

contraceptives Reduce rate of adolescent

mothers Unmet need for family

planning Provide antenatal care

Global Progress

The highest amounts of death occur in Northern African and Southern Asia due to a lack of education, limited access to medical help, and the large amount of poverty.

Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia account for 87% of global maternal deaths

Mortality rate for mothers giving birth*: 1990: 389/1000

479,720 2008: 290/1000

358,000 women

*Due to a scarce amount of information, this number is an estimation developed by WHO, UNICEF, The World Bank, and other organizations

What Causes Maternal Mortality?

The following causes maternal mortality rates: Lack of skilled medical

professionals to deliver and treat

Lack of education and lack of monetary funds in order to use contraceptives

Unsanitary conditions which leads to diseases

The probability that a woman will die of treatable complications: Sub-Saharan Africa: 1

in 31 Developed Nations: 1

in 4300

Where is Haiti?

According to the United Nations, Haiti is currently off track to meet the goals provided. Although the mortality

rates have been decreasing, they have not been decreasing at a quick enough rate to meet the 2015 goal of 3/4ths from 1990 to 2015

Birthing Statistics

Maternal Mortality Ratio per 1000 Births: 1990: 670 1995: 620 2000: 450 2005: 350 2008: 300

Percentage of Births Performed by Skilled Personnel (%): 1995: 20.6 2000: 23.8 2006: 26.1

Family Planning

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (married women 15-49) (%): 1995: 18.0 2000: 28.1 2006: 32.0

Unmet Family Planning (%): 1995: 47.8 2000: 39.8 2006: 37.5

Adolescence Birth Rate per 1000 Births: 1992: 79.0 1998: 80.0 2003: 68.6

Where is the United States?

Although the United States has not minimized maternal mortality rates by 3/4ths, the current rate is low. However, in recent years this number of deaths have been rising.

Birthing Statistics

Maternal Mortality Ratio per 1000 Births: 1990: 12 1995: 11 2000: 14 2005: 24 2008: 24

Percentage of Births Performed by Skilled Personnel (%): 1997: 99

Family Planning

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (married women 15-49) (%): 1990: 70.7 1995: 76.4 2000: 72.9 2006: 78.6

Unmet Family Planning (%): 1990: 6.0 2002: 6.3

Adolescence Birth Rate per 1000 Births: 1991: 59.4 1998: 50.8 2003: 40.0

Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases

What are the Goals?

Have halted and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDs by 2015.

Universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it by 2010.

Have halted and begin to reverse the incidence Malaria and other major diseases by 2015.

HIV/AIDS Goals

Have halted and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDs by 2015. Educate young people

on the spread of HIV and how to prevent it with contraceptives

Making contraceptives available to all

Providing treatment of pregnant mothers

Universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it by 2010. Increase the

availability of antiretroviral therapy.

Malaria and Other Major Diseases Goals

Have halted and begin to reverse the incidence Malaria and other major diseases by 2015. Make insecticide-

treated mosquito nets available to prevent Malaria

Make treatments for malaria and tuberculosis readily available

Global Progress (HIV/AIDS)

Estimated number of people in the world newly infected with HIV: 1995: 3.5 million 2008: 2.7 million

The number of people with HIV living continues to rise as new antiretroviral treatment becomes available

The following countries have made great strides in the education of their young about HIV: Cambodia, Guyana,

Namibia, Rwanda, Trinidad, Tobago

Condom usage in high-risk sex has increased in many countries

Global Progress (HIV/AIDS) con’t

Number of people receiving the antiretroviral treatment: 2003: 400,000 2008: 4,000,000

Percentage of people who received treatment that needed it (%): 2007: 33 2008: 42

Lack of Global Progress (HIV/AID)

HIV remains to be the world’s leading infectious killer

The rate of HIV continues to rise in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most densely affected area with 72% of the world’s new cases

Less than 1/3 of men and 1/5 of women are aware of the transmission, treatment, and prevention of HIV

For every 2 people who start treatment each year, 5 are infected.

Global Progress (Other Diseases)

Percentage of children in Africa sleeping under mosquito nets (%): 2000: 2 2008: 22

Number of incidences of tuberculosis per 1000 people: 2004: 143 2008: 139

Where is Haiti?

According to the United Nations, Haiti is currently off track to meet the goals provided.

The rates in which people have been dying from Malaria, HIV/AIDS, and Tuberculosis have been decreasing, but it has not been consistent or stable.

HIV/AIDS Statistics

People Living with HIV (%): 2001: 2.2 2008: 2.2

AIDS Deaths: 2001: 7500 2008: 7500

Antiretroviral therapy coverage for those infected (%): 2006: 26 2007: 41

Proportion of people with knowledge about HIV (men) (%): 2000: 27.6 2005: 40.4

Proportion of people with knowledge about HIV (women) (%): 2000: 15.4 2005: 33.9

Malaria Statistics

Number of cases of Malaria per 100,000 people: 2008: 1891

Number of deaths due to Malaria per 100,000 people: 2008: 5

Children under 5 who are treated for Malaria when they have a fever (%): 2000: 11.7 2006: 5.1

Tuberculosis Statistics

Number of cases of Tuberculosis per 100,000 people: 1990: 280 1995: 420 2000: 410 2005: 340 2009: 290

Number of deaths due to Tuberculosis per 100,000 people: 1990: 28 1995: 44 2000: 45 2005: 38 2009: 32

Tuberculosis treatment success rate (%): 1995: 70 2000: 71 2005: 80 2008: 82

Where is the United States?

The United States has not provided the United Nations with data. However, the United States’ rate of death and infection of these diseases have been decreasing.

Tuberculosis Statistics

Number of cases of Tuberculosis per 100,000 people: 1990: 9.5 1995: 5.6 2000: 3.5 2005: 3.0 2009: 2.5

Number of deaths due to Tuberculosis per 100,000 people: 1990: 0.8 1995: 0.6 2000: 0.3 2005: 0.2 2009: 0.3

Tuberculosis treatment success rate (%): 1995: 71 2000: 83 2005: 64 2008: 85

Environmental Sustainability

What are the Goals?

Integrate environmental sustainability policies into governments and reverse the loss of resources.

Reduce loss of biodiversity½ the number of people

without safe drinking water and sanitation systems

Achieve improvement of 100 million slum dwellers

Global Progress and Lack of Progress

Over 17,000 thousand plants and animals are under the threat of extinction and with the world not meeting the deadline to decrease this there will be grave threats.

With more than 20 U.S Agencies and $5 billion dollars a year spent by U.S companies to help countries provide access to safe drinking water development. Places such as Africa and the Middle East. With over 8 million people not having access to safe drinking water our government has been collaborating with other countries to reach the goal by 2015.

Where is the United States? Deforestation has occurred so

much the growth of our forest has almost come to a halt. With clear cutting for development and the uprooting of soil it is vital to preserve or forests for America holds some of the worlds richest and thriving forest. There is no strict rule in government on deforestation and action against people who destroy our forests. If there were an increase of law and restrictions on preserving our forest then perhaps many of our key environmental areas will be preserved and species that are dying out due to deforestation may thrive.

With biodiversity loss comes a loss of food sources, farming, and life. With an increase of urban sprawl and deforestation many species are facing threat of extinction. With habitats being cut down and humans invading previously rural spaces many animals are becoming threatened by over hunting, cars, pollution, and loss of food sources. This is also the case for marine life in pollution and destroying of important habitats such as estuaries and coral reefs. With the recent oil spill many fish and sea bird life has become threatened.

7.1 7.2

Proportion of land covered by forest (%): 1990: 32.6 2000: 33.0 2005: 33.1

Carbon Dioxide Emissions in thousand metric tons (PPP): 1990: 4,865,027 1995: 5,219,446 2000: 5,742,526 2005: 5,842,558

Proportion of marine and terrestrial (%): 1990: 15.1 1995: 15.3 2000: 15.7 2005: 15. 7 2009: 15.7

Goal Statistics

7.3 7.4

Proportion using clean water (%): 1990: 99 1995: 99 2000: 99 2005: 99 2008: 99

Proportion using sanitation facilities (%): 1990: 100 1995: 100 2000: 100 2005: 100 2008: 100

No data available

Goal Statistics

Where is Haiti?

Serve in deforestation with 98% cut down (one of the highest in the world) With great amount of erosion due to this sand easily is moved by air and water and planting has become difficult. During rebuilding it is vital to start replanting efforts in order to stop this and enrich the soil.

Biodiversity loss among plants especially trees in Haiti has been great due to its massive deforestation. Flooding and recent natural disasters has also caused much vegetation and animals to be in risk of threat. It has been shown that with a lost of biodiversity has also come a loss of crops and a decline of economy.

7.1 7.2

Proportion of land covered by forest (%): 1990: 4.2 2000: 4.0 2005: 3.8

Carbon Dioxide Emissions in thousand metric tons (PPP): 1990: 994 1995: 942 2000: 1,368 2005: 2,076

Proportion of marine and terrestrial (%): 1990: 0.27 1995: 0.27 2000: 0.27 2005: 0.27 2009: 0.27

Goal 7.1 Statistics

7.3 7.4

Proportion using clean water (%): 1990: 47 1995: 52 2000: 55 2005: 60 2008: 63

Proportion using sanitation facilities (%): 1990: 26 1995: 25 2000: 22 2005: 19 2008: 17

Proportion of people in urban settings living in slums (%): 1990: 93.4 1995: 93.4 2000: 93.4 2005: 70.1 2007: 70.1

Goal Statistics

Global Partnership

What are the Goals?Develop an open and non-

discriminatory and predictable trading and financial system

Address special needs of developing nations

Address special needs of the landlocked developing nations

Address the debt problem of developing nations

With the private sector, make available benefits for new technologies

Global Progress

UNDP works directly with national and multinational companies to reduce poverty and extend services to underdeveloped areas. One project works with Kevian, a juice manufacturer.

The Growing Sustainable Business initiative has worked with local farmers on improved harvesting, marketing and pest management procedures, and linked them to Kevian. Combined, Kenya's 10 Growing Sustainable Business initiative projects are expected to generate over US$70 million in additional revenues and create thousands of jobs, reaching an estimated 42,000 beneficiaries.

Where is the United States?

The United States have been participating in many of the efforts to relieve poverty in developing nations.

Where is Haiti?

The United Nations has given the status of “insufficient information” for Haiti on this goal.

They are not prospering the way in which they should, although the United States and other countries are importing from Haiti.