Unit7powerpointtheroadtoworldwarii 110829145033-phpapp01 (1)
Transcript of Unit7powerpointtheroadtoworldwarii 110829145033-phpapp01 (1)
Peace treaty that ended World War IGermany given total blame for World War I
Germany was forced to do four things:1) Dismantle most of its military
2) Pay for most of the damages done during the war (reparations)3) Withdraw its military along border between F rance and Germany
4) Give up territory used to create countries of Poland and Czechoslovakia.
Great War left allof Europe in shambles
Great Depression hit Europe as well
Instability of Europe led to the
Europe after World War I
Totalitarian state: Government which attempts to control every aspect of the lives its people; people give blind
loyalty to their leaders
Joseph StalinSoviet Russia
Benito MussoliniFascist Italy
Adolf HitlerNazi Germany
European dictators of the 1930s
A Great World Leader?The world had a different
view of H itler in 1937
In the four years after H itler took power, unemployment had dropped dramatically, Germany was in industrial powerhouse, and they even
hosted the Olympics
Hitler was even chosen Time
the Year in 1938
Neutrality Act of 1935Made it illegal for U.S.
businesses to sell arms to foreign
countries
Neutrality Act of 1937Required foreign
countries to pay for U.S. goods with cash instead of credit and
ship goods themselves
Leaders in Congress felt it was big business that drew the U .S. into World War I
Hitler ignores the Treaty of Versailles and reoccupies the Rhineland in 1937
Hitler and the Germans occupy
Austria in 1938
Austria
In 1938, H itler wants Sudetenland, threatens to invade
Czechoslovakia
Leaders of France and Great Britain call for a meeting with
Rhineland Poland
Czechoslovakia
Hitler meets with British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin and F rench diplomat Edouard Daladier in Munich, GermanyHitler says the Sudetenland is his last desire to complete
Neville Chamberlin , Adolf Hitler and EdouardDaladier
Giving in to someone in order to avoid conflict
Chamberlain returns to London and declares that he has secured
The British and the F rench were willing to give H itler and the Nazis whatever he
wanted in order to keep from having to go to war
Within a year, Hitler claims the rest of Czechoslovakia
BLITZKRIEG
Focused on hitting enemy quickly using airplanes, fast-moving tanks and moving troops by mobile transport
Great Britain France
United StatesSoviet Russia
THE ALLIES
Germany conquers France
England was the only thing left standing to keep Hitler from conquering all of Europe
After conquering Poland and France, Hitler attempted to
conquer the England
The Battle of Britain
The Battle of Britain was four-month air battle between the British RAF and the German Luftwaffe
The British won the battle and Hitler and the Germans gave up on their plan to invade England
Roosevelt revises the Neutrality Acts
Neutrality Act of 1939 U.S. sells Great Britain warships in exchange
for military bases
Some Americans are
assistance to Allies
Americans who want the U.S. to remain
Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt
Staunchly believed in isolationism
Firmly opposed any American intervention or aid to the Allies
Herbert Hoover Charles Lindbergh
Famous members of AFC
1940 Presidential Election Electoral Votes
Roosevelt becomes FIRST (and ONLY) U.S. President to be elected more than twice (he is later elected to a fourth term)
Lend-Lease Act passed in 1941Allowed the U.S to
lend or lease arms to any country that was
considered vital to the defense of the
United States
U.S could send weapons to Great Britain if Britain
promised to return or pay rent for them
after the war
Japan needed more natural resources
Japan takes over part of Manchuria in Treaty of Versailles
Military conquers rest of Manchuria in 1933
Japan takes control of Indo-
China, in 1941Japan wanted
Indochina for its abundance of
natural resourcesU.S. places an oil
embargo on Japan until it withdraws
from Indochina
December 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor is the U.S. naval base in Hawaii
for its Pacific Fleet
USS Arizona on fire and sinking after Japanese attack
21 ships damaged or sunk188 planes destroyed
Over 2,400 killed or injured
Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
Japanese airplanes prepare to take off from a Japanese aircraft carrier
Mobilizing the economy created almost 19
million new jobs and nearly doubled the
War ends the Depression
Mobilizing: building a military, building war materials in factories,
etc.
America mobilizes for war
Mobilizing for WarWar Production Board
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Government agency that set priorities and
production goals. It also had the authority to
control the distribution of raw materials.
Government agency that had the power to make loans to companies
to help them cover the cost of converting to war production
War Production ramps upPresident Roosevelt declared a
national emergency and ordered that U .S. factories
build 50,000 warplanes a year
Henry Ford created an assembly line to build B-24 bombers
Automobile companies began to make trucks, jeeps, and tanks. They also made rifles, mines,
helmets and other pieces of military equipment
A segregated U.S. militaryAfrican Americans had separate barracks, mess halls, and recreational
facilities
Blacks were organized into their own military units
Numerous military leaders did not want blacks
fighting in combat because they did not trust them
Blacks make contributions
Benjamin O. DavisF irst black to reach the
rank of GeneralTuskegee Airmen
F irst all black fighter pilot squadron in U .S. history
Numerous African Americans made important contributions to
the war effort during World War I I
Navajo Code Talkers
A group known as the Navajo Code Talkers were U.S. Marines
of Native American descent who used their native language
as code during the war
Native Americans also made
contributions to the war effort
Bracero Program Government
introduced program to help farmers in the
Southwest overcome the labor shortage
Over 200,000 Mexicans came to the United States to help harvest fruits and
vegetables
WOMEN in the WORKPLACEBecause of wartime labor
shortages, factories are forced to hire women to do industrial jobs
traditionally reserved for men
Great symbol of the campaign to hire women
Appeared on posters and in newspaper ads
Eventually 2.5 million women went to work in shipyards, aircraft
factories, and other manufacturing plants
Women Ordinance
Workers (WOW)
Their work permanently changed American
attitudes about women in the workplace
BLACKS in the WORKPLACE
FDR issues Executive Order 8802Outlawed discrimination in the hiring
of workers in defense industries
Fair Employment Practices CommissionFirst civil rights agency set up by the federal government since the 1870s
A. Philip RandolphFounder of the Brotherhood
of Sleeping Car Porters a major union for African
American railroad workers
Led first organized African American labor movement
Shift to the SunbeltSun Belt is a region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the South and West
The region led the way in manufacturing and
urbanization in the U.S.
Many Americans
moved to the South and
West during the war
Japanese Internment
U.S. military rounded up 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry 77,000 of which were
U.S. citizens and put them in places called internment camps to keep watch on them
Following Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor, American distrust of anyone of
Japanese decent grew massively
Japanese InternmentJapanese were not allowed to live on
the west coast, including all of
California
Executive Order 9066President Roosevelt authorized the internment
Law allowed local military to designate " military areas " as " exclusion zones " , from which " any or all persons may be excluded. "
Japanese InternmentKorematsu
v. United States
U .S. Supreme Court case concerning the
legality of internment of Japanese
American citizensSupreme Court ruled that internment was legal because it was based on military urgency, not race
Japanese American F red Korematsu sued
saying his rights were being violated
Fred Korematsu
Rationing begins in AmericaGovernment rationed goods such as sugar, butter, milk, cheese, eggs, coffee, meat , gasoline and canned goods
Ticket for rations of gasolineHouseholds were given a book of
ration coupons each month. When they used all their coupons, they
could buy no more items that month.
Victory GardensAmericans volunteered to plant gardens to produce more food People grew their own food so
the troops would have more
Natural resources in short supplyGovernment
organized scrap drives for the war
effort. These materials
included old tires, metal, paper and
old rags.
Invest in America: Buy War BondsTo help the war
effort financially, the government asked citizens to buy war bonds
When Americans bought bonds,
they were loaning money to the government
Americans bought nearly $50 billion worth of war bonds. F inancial institutions bought back about $100 billion dollars worth in
the years following the war.
Propaganda during the warPropaganda tried to sway public opinion to support the war effort
Propaganda portrayed the enemy as someone
who was a threat to you and your family
Propaganda during the war
These posters addressed the religious differences between the Nazis and many Americans
Propaganda during the war
This poster reminded Americans of the atrocities that the Japanese had committed against the U.S.
Dwight D. Eisenhower Franklin D. Roosevelt
Omar Bradley George S. Patton
Supreme Commander of
the Allied forces in Europe;
planned Allied invasion of
Europe
President of the United States for
most of World War I I ; was elected to a third and fourth
term of office during the war
Commander of the U .S. Army in
Europe; led the American forces
in the Battle of the Bulge; later
Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff
U .S. general during World War I I who
played a large part in the U .S. victories in
I taly and North Africa; nicknamed
U.S. builds up its militarySelective Service and Training Act passed
Recruits sent to basic training
for eight weeks to prepare them for how to fight
in warThey learned how to handle weapons, read maps and dig
ditches
U.S. government
starts the draft
Battle of the Atlantic
By August of 1942, German submarines had sunk 360
American cargo ships
Because of the heavy losses, the U.S. set up a convoy
system for its trade ships
Battle of the Atlantic during WWII pitted German U-boats
against Allied convoys
Cargo ships traveled in groups and were escorted
by navy warships
Hitler conquers most of Europe
The Axis powers of Germany and Italy controlled much of Europe by 1941
Before taking Poland in 1939, Hitler signs a non-
World War I I starts in 1939 when Hitler invades Poland
Hitler conquers F rance and the Low Countries by the Spring of 1940
Hitler attempts to invade England but
loses Battle of Britain
Hitler turns his attention to the East and wants to
conquer Soviet Russia
England
France
Russia
Germany
Italy
Germany invades RussiaOperation Barbarossa
When the harsh Russian winter hits, the German offensive stalled and the Germans were stopped
outside of Moscow and Stalingrad
Hitler and the Nazis break their peace
agreement with Russia and invade in 1941
Germans move to the outskirts of Moscow
and Stalingrad by the end of 1941
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point of the war on the Eastern Front
First major defeat for the
Germans in World War II
Casablanca Conference
Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at Casablanca
Meeting of British Prime Minister Winston
Churchill and U .S. President F ranklin D . Roosevelt in1943 in
North Africa
Churchill and Roosevelt met to discuss plans for
an Allied invasion of Europe
Leaders agreed that the first step would be an
invasion of I taly
Allies invaded Italy
The invasion began in July of 1943.
U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, called Italy
Europe.
The defeat of the Germans
to arrest Benito Mussolini and begin negotiating for
Operation OverlordThe Allied Invasion of Europe
General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the chosen to command
the invasion force
Make the Germans have to fight the
war on two fronts
Free Europe from German control
D-Day
Allies land at five beaches, nicknamed:
June 6, 1944The Allied
invasion of Europe
UTAH
Landings occurred on the beaches of Normandy, France
NormandyFRANCE OMAHA GOLD
JUNO SWORD
D-DayThe Allied invasion of Europe
The invasion was successful and the Western Front was born
June 6, 1944
Allies sent in hundreds of ships and thousands of men in first three days of the attack
Battle of the Bulge
Hitler uses his best forces to attack the Allies in an effort to reach a stalemate
Last major offensive of World War I I by H itler and the Germans in the Ardennes Forest in 1944
Allied lines in an attempt to break through, but were turned back
Fall of the Third Reich
Russian troops from the East were entering Berlin in
April, 1945
Following the Battle of the Bulge,
Germany had nothing left to stop
the Allied forces
American forces were pouring
Western border
In April, 1945, Adolf Hitler and his top commanders committed suicide
V-E DayVictory in Europe
DayOn May 7, 1945,
the Germans surrendered
World War I I in Europe was over
U .S. focus shifted to Japan in the Pacific Theater
The HolocaustAfter the war, the world
discovered that during the war the Germans had mass murdered millions of Jews
This attempted genocide of the Jewish race when
over 6 millions Jews were killed became known as
the Holocaust
Gen. Douglas MacArthur Adm. Chester NimitzCommander of the U .S. Army in the Pacific Theater;
surrender on September 1, 1945
U .S. President at the conclusion of the war; made the decision to drop the atomic bomb
on Japan
Harry S. TrumanCommander-in-
Chief of the United States
Naval F leet in the Pacific during World War I I
Japanese Co-Prosperity SphereGreat Asia under the slogan
colonizers were to be expelled and Japan become
Japan conquered China and Indo-
Extent of the Japanese Empire (1942) Japanese Rising Sun flag
Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941
USS Arizona on fire during attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941
Gave a massive boost to the American morale
It showed the Japanese that the U.S. had the capability to attack their
mainland at anytime
Impact of Doolittle Raid
American air raid on Japanese capital of Tokyo in April of 1942Raid was planned and led by Lt.
Col. James "Jimmy" Doolittle B-25 bombers were launched
from a U.S. aircraft carrier
James Doolittle (second from left) and his crew
Philippines falls to JapanFour months after its
attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese complete
the conquest of the Philippines
Before evacuating his command center in the Philippines, American commander Douglas
The Bataan Death MarchThe Japanese captured
75,000 Allied soldiers after its victory in the Philippines
The Japanese marched those that surrendered 60 miles with no
food or water. Over 6,000 died or were executed on the march.
Following its attack on Pearl Harbor,
Japan was planning an invasion of the
U.S.; needed island of Midway for a base
U.S. broke Japanese code and knew about
the plan to attack Midway; U.S. leaders
set a trap
Battle of MidwayBattle was the turning point of the War in
the Pacific
Japan was on the defensive for the remainder of the war
Following the U .S. victory at the Battle of Midway, the tide of the
War in the Pacific turned
U .S. went on the offensive and began taking back islands that
Japan had conquered before 1942
U .S. re-captured strategic islands and by-passed others,
leaving Japanese troops cut offThis strategy was called
Chang Kai-Shek, FDR, Winston Churchill
MacArthur returns to the PhilippinesOne of the key U .S.
retaking the Philippines
To take back the Philippines, the United
States put together a huge invasion force
In March of 1945, American troops
finally recaptured the capital city of Manila
As he had promised nearly three years before, U .S. Commander Douglas Macarthur had returned
Japanese use kamikazesFollowing the Battle of Midway,
Japan was on the defensive
The Japanese began using an attack tactic known as
Kamikaze was the Japanese
was a suicide attack.
In a kamikaze attack, a Japanese pilot would crash his plane into a U .S. ship A kamikaze attack hits the USS Essex in 1944
A Japanese kamikaze about to hit the USS Missouri
War in Pacific intensifies
U.S. Marines raise flag atop Mt. Suribachi on Iwo Jima
As Americans move closer to Japanese mainland,
each island becomes tougher to take
Japanese soldiers fight to the death and refuse
to surrender
Thousands of U.S. soldiers die taking islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Manhattan Project
Albert Einstein
The project to develop the first nuclear weapon (atomic bomb)
Albert E instein wrote a letter to F DR warning
him of the type of destruction splitting the
atom could have
Research convinced F DR to begin a program to build an atomic bomb
Robert Oppenheimer, left, was the director of the Manhattan Project
Decision to drop the bomb
Harry S. Truman
Truman talks over plan to drop atomic bomb with his Secretary of War
Person making the decision to use the atomic bomb is U.S. President Harry Truman
Truman became president after F DR dies of a brain hemorrhage in early 1945
Reasons Truman decides to use A-
bomb: 1) Japanese soldiers were fighting to the death 2) Japan would not surrender
Atomic bomb dropped on Japan
(left) A mushroom cloudrises above Hiroshima afterthe bomb exploded (below)
the atomicbomb that was dropped onHiroshima (right) Enola Gayand its pilot Paul Tibbits.
F irst atomic bomb was dropped on H iroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945
Three days later, another bomb was dropped on Japanese city of Nagasaki
The dropping of the atomic bombs on H iroshima and
Nagasaki led to the unconditional
surrender of Japanon August 15, 1945
V-J Day: Victory over Japan
The war is over!!
The war is over!!World War II officially came to and end on September 2, 1945
Gen. Macarthur oversees the Japanese surrender aboard the USS Missouri
Aftermath of World War IIThere were four main results of World War II on the world
An estimated 60-80 million people were killed during the war, over half
of which were civilians
The United States and Soviet Russia
Europe was split in half between the Democratic West and the Communist East
Creation of United NationsA last result of World
War II was the creation of a new world peace-keeping organization
the United Nations
The UN was founded to stop wars between
nations, and to provide a platform for nations to
discuss differences