Unit IV (Acid and Base) Notes Name --~--------------- Date · 2019-11-29 · Unit IV (Acid and...
Transcript of Unit IV (Acid and Base) Notes Name --~--------------- Date · 2019-11-29 · Unit IV (Acid and...
Unit IV (Acid and Base) Notes {fTe0Date-----Name --~---------------
UNIT IV: The Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases:
We will study acids and bases in this unit. We will be introduced to 2 THEORIES. Thefirst theory is a basic theory but still valuable. It explains much of what we alreadyknow about acids and bases:
The Arrhenius T~eory of Acids and Bases:
An ACID is an ionic species whose formula starts with " rt "~ Substance that releases t\ -t . in water
A BASE is an ionic species whose formula ends with "0\-\"> Substance that releases 0tt- in water
A SALT is an ionic species whose formula does not start with t\ or end in 0 \-t~ Neither an acid or a base
- Examples N0. C \\<\'-SO~
Neutralization Reactions
Salts are produced in acid- base neutralization reactions.
+ WA-t~
\-\:2-0(\-\-o-\-\)
*these reactions are based on the fact that acid produce H+ and bases produce OH-
ACID+BASE-7 SAL \"Ex: HCI + NaOH -7 NCk c.,\ + ----.-----::::--
Whenever you see an acid and a base as the reactants ... you know that water(H20) will be a product. The salt will be made up of the remaining ions!
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Unit IV (Acid and Base) Notes
Writing and BALANCING Neutralization Rxn Equations:2)U\ \t -r »s O-\{.,( "
HBr + Ca(OH)2 ~ ?
1. Check to see how many H's and OH's are in the formulae of acid! base:
HBr + Ca(OH)2 ~ ?
(acid supplies _\_H, base supplies :;l OH)
~ W~ f\~e£\ ~ \-\-'5 tD meA kh ~o H-\S .
2. Adjust your coefficients (to give you the same # ofH's and OH's)
~ HBr + _\_ Ca(OH)2 ~ ~ H20 +?
3. Now combine the left over ions ... write the formula of the salt:
d- HBr + _\_ Ca(OH)2 -7 ~ H20 + ~ ~ 6('a:
(*Make sure the ion charges balance for the salt.)
Hebden Questions - p. 110 #1 ,2
DESCRIPTIVE DEFINITIONS of ACIDS and BASES:
The W that is present in acids and the OH- present in bases accounts for some ofobservable properties.
Properties of ACIDS:- react with ba~.e5 .' "
electrolytes (conduct eJ .f.J..,~ Il ell (( t-- react with some metals to produce L S 0. S
o ZIl(s)+ 2HCl(~ -7 ZnClz(aq) + H2 (g)- Turn litmus paper e.D- Taste 00'V (
~ y.. :\J i{\~(J,( 2\-t;yYW()J'~\ «,
Unit IV (Acid and Base) Notes
Properties of BASES:- react with (\c..\ &5- electrolytes- slippery (used in manufacture of soap)
Turn litmus paper k2 Lu6- Taste f2 \TI~
~
SOME COMMON ACIDS and BASES:COMMON ACIDS
Formula Chemical Name "Common" name USES:
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H2SO4 5\..\ \ \u ()'L \' paH--..(~ A-u &\ I·(J0D t:t C\ t"j0\ nH)jO-.!ttn-\- ('( -[ m l) if fJ
ClC\-o\ ,i{~J(~1bf~~Jcer,HCI ~ ~V1) Gh \O()'c.,
)J- C\-((Anl'~ me+a Ilr tv\uv" Cl n(.;CL 0d - 0- GtI >[ ~ -eVl '-d tl 1.t.S
£1c;t\ ~};~rli,1lPcoco, iHN03 rJ \'t-( \'c. 5aW\.0 - n,' tr cd-(5
- ~h lluv)) ey~10A-c:A (/\ ,v\l.s 'CH3COOH fk~HL 50J<:) : VI' r'\~ ar- - tn aK'.e acd-a k,
~- p(eS-l ntl,' 13 fob (. A-v\ c\ - ma Ki ntii '0) as- ~~
COMMON BASES v
Formula Chemical Name "Common" name USES:
NaOH 30 c\, l Vl rY\ \~e -e-: Na S a I +--5- sbuR
~V) ~ ro y: l tA G CCluoh"( Sodcc - ov-c (J L4 (\,..((.,- Y\..[ u fy-fA I , °21(1 V?
KOH Pbt-D 5~)'lA (Y) L tlU~\il.. ~ So u~ (l O\..L?~y
\rt1 ut (t)'X I' cl c. PDWSh. -Otb (b{ Lo'L- Ot\\~ \t'VJ-l ba~ ~
NH3A-mmD'(\{ UL \\ Ct VV1YY' oy\\'vuY) - rna \« H !tJV 3
~o\Y01\~G I, - e 'lCp 1oS)' "-lJ i ft: ( h;SlY Y\ ~ hL-S
.tJrt'3 LiU\) - ..fYl' J. .e ctS
c5
Ct.(j JJtv1(J)
e5
1,'l#J
Unit IV (Acid and Base) Notes
- Hebden Questions - p. 112 #3,4- Read pages 112 - 113 of Hebden ("Some Common Acids and Bases")- \VS4-1: Common Aeids-a-nd-Bas-es-
P\\q~5-~.
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