Unit Commitment under Increased Wind
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Transcript of Unit Commitment under Increased Wind
Unit Commitment under Increased Wind
Kevin KimPENSA Summer 2011
Energy Markets: Overview
Energy Consumer
Demand
RTO
Power Generators
Supply Schedule
Unit Commitment ProblemHow much demand do we need to meet tomorrow?How should we schedule our generators to meet
100% of this demand?How do we minimize overages/shortages in energy?
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Challenge 1: Random DemandHow much demand do we have to satisfy tomorrow?How should we schedule our power generators
tomorrow to meet this demand?
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Challenge 2: Generator LimitationsMany plants take several hours to warm up
before they can be used.Some plants turn on quickly, but they’re
much more expensive and can’t generate as much power
Coal Plant~10 hours to turn on.~$50/MWMaxed at ~500 MW
Natural Gas Plant~0.1 hours to turn on~$300/MWMaxed at ~20 MW
Now, the biggest challenge….
WIND ENERGYClean, renewable, and low cost/MW. However, wind is VOLATILE.
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Challenge 3: Random SupplyWith wind energy, part of our energy supply
is also random.
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Actual WindPredicted windActual DemandTotal Actual Power
Wind Energy: NewsDepartment of
EnergyTarget of 20% wind
penetration by 2030
Google$5 billion project to
build 350-mile cable on the east coast to power offshore wind farms.
We solve the unit commitment problem with a math model….
Model: Basic Algorithm1. Predict demand and wind for tomorrow (t=1).2. Schedule generators based on these forecasts.3. Now, at tomorrow (t=1), change the outputs of
the faster generators to correct for errors in forecast
4. Run the following cases and compare costs:1. 5% wind penetration2. 20% wind penetration3. 40% wind penetration4. 60% wind penetration
Model: A Sneak Peek
…..…
Sample Output
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Actual WindPredicted windActual DemandTotal Actual Power
The cost of randomness
What if we could predict wind…
What if wind were constant…
The reality
Future WorkReduce shortages in stochastic wind casesReduce cost in stochastic wind cases.Analyze effects of offshore wind.