Unit: Chemical ReactionsTypes of Chemical Reactions: Single

Replacement

Day 5 - Notes

Day 5 - Notes

After today you will be able to…

• Identify a single replacement reaction

• Predict the products in words for single replacement reactions

Predicting Products

3. Single Replacement: An element and compound react to form a different element and compoundCommon form:

Element + Compound Element +Compound

A + BC AC + B

Predicting Products

• These reactions do not always occur.• You must use the “activity

series” sheet• “Like will replace like” –

metals always replace metals, etc.

Examples of single replacements:

(1)A metal in a compound is replaced by a more active metal

lithium + zinc acetate

zinc + lithium acetate(Metal) (Metal)

? Must use the activity series!

Lithium is more reactive than zinc.

Activity Series of Metals(and Hydrogen)

 Listed in order of decreasing activity.

 lithium

potassiumbarium

strontiumcalciumsodiumcesium

berylliummagnesiumaluminum

zincchromium

galliumiron

cobaltnickel

tinlead

hydrogencopper

mercurysilver

Examples of single replacements:

copper + aluminum sulfate NO REACTION(Metal) (Metal)

?

Copper is lower on activity series and therefore is less reactive than

aluminum.

Activity Series of Metals(and Hydrogen)

 Listed in order of decreasing activity.

 lithium

potassiumbarium

strontiumcalciumsodiumcesium

berylliummagnesiumaluminum

zincchromium

galliumiron

cobaltnickel

tinlead

hydrogencopper

mercurysilver

Examples of single replacements:

lead (II) carbonate + barium barium + lead carbonate(Metal) (Metal)

?

No Roman Numeral necessary!

Activity Series of Metals(and Hydrogen)

 Listed in order of decreasing activity.

 lithium

potassiumbarium

strontiumcalciumsodiumcesium

berylliummagnesiumaluminum

zincchromium

galliumiron

cobaltnickel

tinlead

hydrogencopper

mercurysilver

Examples of single replacements:

(2) Hydrogen in water is replaced by a more active metal

sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

Tip: Change water into “hydrogen hydroxide.”

Activity Series of Metals(and Hydrogen)

 Listed in order of decreasing activity.

 lithium

potassiumbarium

strontiumcalciumsodiumcesium

berylliummagnesiumaluminum

zincchromium

galliumiron

cobaltnickel

tinlead

hydrogencopper

mercurysilver

hydrogen hydroxide

Examples of single replacements:

(3) Hydrogen in acid is replaced by a more active metal

calcium + phosphoric acid

calcium + hydrogenphosphate

Tip: Change acid names into their ionic name.

Activity Series of Metals(and Hydrogen)

 Listed in order of decreasing activity.

 lithium

potassiumbarium

strontiumcalciumsodiumcesium

berylliummagnesiumaluminum

zincchromium

galliumiron

cobaltnickel

tinlead

hydrogencopper

mercurysilver

hydrogen phosphate

Examples of single replacements:

(4) A non-metal in a compound is replaced by a more active non- metal

fluorine + magnesium iodide

magnesium + iodine fluoride

Tip: Watch your endings! Make sure non-metals replace non-metals!

Activity Series of Non-Metals

Listed in order of decreasing activity.

fluorinechlorinebromineiodine

(Non-metal)

(Non-metal)