Unit 9—Vietnam and Counterculture Chapters 16 – 17CSS 11.10, 11.11

Part FourOther Movements of the 1960’s 11.8.2, 11.10.5, 11.11.2

EQ#8: How did the rights movements of the 1960’s and 1970’s expand rights for diverse groups of Americans?

Other Civil Rights Movement

• Hispanic Civil Rights Movement• Spanish-speakers arrived in

America in the 1500s• Spain controlled Central and

South America as well as large parts of North America

• the US bought Florida in 1819• the US added Texas in 1845• the US added the Southwest in

1850• the US added Puerto Rico in

1898• Hispanics are the largest

minority in the US today

Hispanic Rights Movement

• Hispanic immigration increased after 1965• Immigration and Nationality

Act• Mexican immigration

increased after the 1911 revolution

• the bracero program of the 1940s

• from 1960s to 1980s over 2 million immigrants came to the US

Other Civil Rights Movement

• Cesar Chavez• migrant workers tried to

form unions but failed• long hours, low wages, poor

housing, no healthcare, exposure to chemicals

• Cesar Chavez organized the United Farm Workers

• he used strikes, boycotts, and hunger strikes to gain support for his cause

Other Civil Rights Movement

• United Farm Workers• in 1975, California passed

a law to recognize the rights of farmworkers to unionize

Other Civil Rights Movement

• Chicano Movement• pushed for political gains for

Hispanics• lawsuits and elections• cultural education at college

and high school• La Raza

• by 1980, six Hispanics were in Congress• Bill Richardson of New Mexico

ran for president in 2008• debates for both democrats and

republicans were held on Hispanic television channels in 2008

Other Civil Rights Movement

• American Indian Movement• AIM sought political rights

for Native Americans• focus was on Indians in urban

ghettos• land, mineral, and water rights• self-government (fishing rights

and religious rights)

• Indians have more power to make their own rules today

Other Civil Rights Movement

• activism became more militant (less peaceful)• in 1969, Indians seized

Alcatraz for 2 years• in 1972, Indians marched

from San Francisco to DC and occupied the Bureau of Indian Affairs

• in 1976, several protests contrasted the bicentennial with the state of Indians

Consumer Rights

• Unsafe at Any Speed, 1965• traffic accidents and

fatalities were on the rise• Ralph Nader’s book

showed that car makers cared more for profit than safety

• new laws required seat belts in all cars• National Traffic and Motor

Vehicle Safety Act, 1966

Chevy Corvair

Consumer Rights

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)• OSHA requires businesses

to provide basic safety standards for its employees• guards on all moving parts• permissible exposure limits• personal protective

equipment• blood borne pathogens• exposure to asbestos

EQ#8:

• How did the rights movements of the 1960’s and 1970’s expand rights for diverse groups of Americans?

Part FourThe Environmental Movement 11.11.5

EQ #9: What forces gave rise to the environmental movement, and what impact did it have?

The Environmental Movement

• Silent Spring, 1962• Rachel Carson explained

that pesticides (DDT) hurt animals• causes thinning in birds’

eggs• Congress restricted DDT

• said that human activity affects the environment

• began the environmentalist movement

The Environmental Movement

• Earth Day (April 22, 1970)• created as a grassroots

event to focus on helping the environment • 2,000 colleges and

universities• 10,000 primary and

secondary schools• 100s of communities across

the US• 20,000,000 Americans

The Environmental Movement

• Clean Air Act, 1970• limited automobile and

factory emissions• smog checks and

unleaded gas

• Clean Water Act, 1973• limited industrial and

agricultural waste

The Environmental Movement

• Endangered Species Act, 1973• gave federal protection to

animals and plants • bald eagle

The Environmental Movement

• Environmental Protection Agency, 1970• the EPA regulates the impact

businesses have on the environment

• industry argues that regulation raises costs and hurts the economy

The Environmental Movement

• Love Canal, 1978• the EPA found the

community had high rates of cancer and birth defects

• thousands of tons of chemical waste had been buried in the area over several decades

• led to creation of Superfund to clean these sites up

The Environmental Movement

• Three Mile Island, 1979• a partial nuclear

meltdown in Pennsylvania sent panic across the nation• the radiation was

contained but 25,000 lived within 5 miles of it

• no more nuclear power plants have been built since

• still debate what to do with the nuclear waste

• The San Onofre Nuclear Power Plant produces 20% of Southern California’s electricity. Should we turn to nuclear energy to save the environment?

EQ #9:

• What forces gave rise to the environmental movement, and what impact did it have?