BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Unit 30 Pop Music in Practice: LISTENING WORKBOOK NAME____________________

Learning Objective: Explore through listening the features of Musical styles and Genres

Critically listen to a range of musical tracks from 1950’s to the present. Learn to recognise the key features of music from different genres from 1950’s to the present day.

ERA GENRES1950s-1960s blues, dance music, popular ballads, balladeers, novelty

songs, R&B, rock, skiffle,rockabilly, rock ‘n’ roll

1960s–1970s Merseybeat, Motown, California sound, soul, folk rock, country and western,prog rock, psychedelia, reggae

1970s–1990s electronica, glam rock, heavy metal, soft rock, pop ballad, girl power, boy/girl bands,Britpop northern soul, grunge, punk, hip hop, garage

2000s urban, pop/rock bands, internet-based indie artists

For each of the pieces from the different genres, you need to know the following:

Musical Form describe the shape and structure of the Music using letters to denote block structures: Use Words to talk about recognisable Musical structures

Instruments + Voices recognise all that is in the piece to include combinations of instruments

Instrument techniques recognise techniques used by particular instruments: Bowed and pizzicato strings: Bending notes, vibrato, Flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments

Vocal techniques vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, toneTempo recognise tempo changes to include beats per minute and speed

changesTexture recognise how different instruments can combine to create

thick/dense, thin/sparse, and contrasts in textureMusical Devices: Pitch repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, black chords, and

arpeggiosMusical devices: Rhythm simple and compound time signatures, irregular time signatures,

syncopation, swung rhythms, straight and dotted notes, tripletsMusicality and Expression

use of changes in dynamics, legato, staccato, communication of meaning and mood

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Learning Objectives: Recognise format, production techniques and technology used in music, to be able to identify where instruments are

placed in the stereo field, to include the use of correct terms and language

TECHNOLOGICAL/PRODUCTION:

Live recording presence of an audience, ambience, noise, and applause

Studio live how music is recorded in performance under acoustic control

Studio overdub how music is recorded in studio conditions using overdub techniques

Stereo and mono Panning – hard left, left, centre, right, hard right forward and back in the mix

Concept Album studio album where all musical or lyrical ideas contribute to a single overall theme or unified story

Extended length Rock Song musical recording that contains more music than a single, but is usually too short to qualify as a full studio album or LP

Instrumental Rock type of rock music which emphasizes musical instruments, and which features very little or no singing

Wall of Sound e.g. Phil Spector- dense, layered, reverberant sound

Garage Sound ‘raw sound’: Buddy Holly, White StripesHigh Production Values see the work of Quincy Jones, Brian Eno),Scratching DJ or turntablist technique used to produce

distinctive sounds by moving a vinyl record back and forth on a turntable while optionally manipulating the crossfader on a DJ mixer

Sampling taking a portion, or sample, of one sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or a sound recording in a different song or piece

Vinyl (LPs, A and B sides) The A-side usually featured the recording that the artist or the record producer or the record company intended to receive the initial promotional effort and then receive radio airplay, hopefully, to become a "hit" record. The B-side (or "flip-side") is a secondary recording that has a history of its own: some artists, notably Elvis Presley, The Beatles and Oasis, released B-sides that were considered as strong as the A-side and became hits in their own right

Effects Listen for effects used in music production and how they are achieved. How do these effects contribute to the atmosphere, overall sound and the effect on the audience?

Consider the following:-

• reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo • tape echo, digital reverb • guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments • historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates• basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

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Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

Audio quality Listen to the quality of the recording, production and performance:-

• noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction • hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital • distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________

Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________

Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________

Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________

Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________

Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________

Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________

Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________

Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________

Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________

Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

in the piece?

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Music Analysis

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre and Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Musical Form

Use letters to describe. ABC or Section 1 2 or 3, Verse/Chorus/Middle 8, Binary, Ternary form, 12 Bar Blues

B) Use of Instruments and Voices

Instruments used in piece

Strings, WW, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard, electric/bass guitar, electronic synthesizers or drum machines, instruments from around the world.

Voices heard in piece

Male and Female

Identify any techniques used by the singers

different vocal registers, falsetto, diction, articulation, vibrato, tone – clear and breathy.

Groups of instruments identified

Orchestra, Pop/Rock group, Brass/horn section, string section, backing vocals, choir, and brass band.Identify any techniques used by any of the instruments

bowed = Arco, plucked strings = pizzicato, bending notes, vibrato, flutter tonguing, use of mutes on brass instruments.C) TempoHow many Beats per minute? bpmAre there any Speed changes in the piece?

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

If so, list words to describe changes. I.e. faster = accelerando, Slower =deaccelerandoRubato = free styleD) TextureDescribe the Texture and list the combination of instruments used

Thick/dense, thin/sparse, contrasts.

E) Musical Devices - PitchList any of the following devices you hear in this piece and say what instrument or section you hear it in?

Repetition, sequence, imitation, riffs, ostinato, block chords, arpeggios.F) Musical Devices: RhythmWhat is the Time Signature of this piece?

2/4 3/4 6/8 Describe in words the rhythms you can hear and in which section you can hear it?

syncopation, swung, straight notes, dotted notes, use of triplets.G) Musicality and ExpressionAre there any changes in Dynamic’s?

If so, list using musical terms.

Would you describe this piece as using legato, staccato or a mixture of both?

Describe the Mood of the Music using appropriate terms.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________Listening Sheet Unit 30: Production Techniques used in Music

Name of Piece:

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Genre/Era of Music:

Name of Singer/Group:

A) Recording Techniques

Is this a live performance with an audience, ambience, noise or applause? Explain.

Was this piece recorded in a studio under acoustic control? How do you know, explain.

Do you think this is a studio recording with overdub techniques? If so, explain.

B) Stereo Placement

Is this a Stereo or Mono track? Explain your answer.

Can you hear any panning in this piece? I.e. hard left, left, centre, right, hard right

Can you hear Forward and back stereo and mono in the Mix? If so, explain where and on what voices/instruments

c) Effects

BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Music (performing)

Identify any effects you can hear in this piece and on what instrument/voice you can hear it on. reverb, gating, fuzz, distortion, vibrato, tremolo tape echo, digital reverb Guitar foot pedals, studio effects, treatments Historical basis and equipment of effects, tape echo, reverb rooms, plates Basic timeline of equipment development, analogue versus digital.

D) Audio Quality

Describe the audio quality of this piece using the language below.

Noise, noise control and removal, noise reduction

Hiss, tape hiss and recording level, analogue versus digital

Distortion and digital noise, quality issues of tape and digital recording.

Date of Listening: _______________________________________