UNIT 7 SEMINAR NS 220

Module 7: Meeting Energy Needs

Overview

Overweight/obesity

Energy Balance

Dieting

Fad Diets

Weight Loss Success

CDC Statistics- Obesity

More than 1/3 of U.S. adults are obese. 16% of children and adolescents (ages 2-19

years) are obese. What chronic diseases and health issues

should we be concerned about due to obesity? Healthy People 2010 national health objectives:

To reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults to less than 15%.

To reduce the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents to less than 5%.

Adult Overweight and Obesity

For adults, overweight and obesity ranges are determined by using weight and height to calculate the "body mass index" (BMI).

BMI is used because, for most people, it correlates with their amount of body fat.

BMI between 25 and 29.9 = Overweight. BMI of 30 or higher = Obese.

Energy Balance Equation

Energy Input = Energy Output

(or calories in = calories out)

Energy Input= Calories from food

Energy Output= Metabolism (BMR) Physical Activity Thermic Effect of Food

Energy Output:

Basal Metabolism (BMR): Calories expended for vital organ functioning in

resting state; ~60-70% of total calorie needs. Affected by gender, body composition/muscle tone,

age, temperature, health status, thyroid hormone Physical Activity:

Calories burned influenced by weight, muscles used, length of time of exercise

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF): Energy used to digest, absorb and process nutrients.

Energy Balance

Positive Energy Balance = Input > Output (eat more than expend) Results in weight gain

Negative Energy Balance = Input < Output (eat less than expend) Results in weight loss

Must have a calorie deficit of about 3500 kcal per week to lose one pound/week…deficit of 500 kcals/day over 7 days.

Why “Diets” Don’t Work

Obesity is a chronic disease Treatment requires long-term lifestyle changes

(no quick fix). Dieters are misdirected

More concerned about weight loss than healthy, active lifestyle.

Unrealistic weight expectations.

Fad Diets

Emphasizes one or two foods. Severely restricts food choices; rigid eating

plans. What nutrients are fad diets usually lacking? Temporary solution to weight loss…not long-

term; focus is not on permanent eating, exercise, or behavior changes.

What are your concerns about fad diets?

Fad Diets- What to Watch Out For

Promote quick weight loss Limited food selections; rituals Use of testimonials Cure-alls Recommend expensive supplements No permanent lifestyle changes advocated Critical of the scientific community

Discussion

What factors are affecting obesity?

What can we do to help decrease obesity as well as prevent weight gain?

Weight Loss Success

National Weight Control Registry www.nwcr.ws

Investigates characteristics of individuals who have succeeded at long-term weight loss.

45% lost weight on their own; 55% used a program.

98% modified their food intake. 94% increased their activity (walking most

reported).

Recommendations: Eating

Calorie control Portions Eat less overall, but still choose variety of foods Stay within your daily calorie needs

Plan meals ahead Write down what you eat; self-monitoring Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fat-free or

low-fat milk and milk products, lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts

Emphasize low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, salt, and added sugars

Recommendations: Exercise

Exercise on regular basis; ACSM Position To prevent weight gain: 150-250 min/week Weight loss: 150->250 min/week Weight maintenance after weight loss: >250

min/week Children and teens: 60 mins per day

Donnelly JE, et al.  Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention

of weight regain for adults.  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2009; 41:459-471.