Unit 6 – Cardiovascular, Lymphatic Unit 6 – Cardiovascular, Lymphatic and Digestive Systemsand Digestive Systems

Presented by Presented by

Terry Bond, Adjunct FacultyTerry Bond, Adjunct Faculty

Kaplan UniversityKaplan University

Anatomy of the human heartAnatomy of the human heart

The human heart is one of the mostintricate and dependable organs within the body. It beats millions of times in a person’s life, pumping oxygenated blood to all organs and removing toxic wastes by transporting them to organs such as the liver and kidneys.

What are the chambers of the heart called?What are the 4 valves within the heart?

Anatomical termsAnatomical terms

• PericardiumPericardium• MyocardiumMyocardium• ArteriesArteries• VeinsVeins• AortaAorta• Vena cavaVena cava• Tricuspid valve (i.e.. three cusps)Tricuspid valve (i.e.. three cusps)• Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)• Semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves)Semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves)

Combining word formsCombining word forms

• Angi/oAngi/o• Aort/oAort/o• Arteri/oArteri/o• Cardi/oCardi/o• Ventricul/oVentricul/o• Ather/oAther/o• Isch/oIsch/o• Thromb/oThromb/o

Disease and disorder terms – built Disease and disorder terms – built from word partsfrom word parts

• Who can name some of these terms? I will Who can name some of these terms? I will help you start off:help you start off:

• Aortic stenosis – narrowing and stiffening of Aortic stenosis – narrowing and stiffening of the aortic valvethe aortic valve

• Atherosclerosis – hardening of plaque within Atherosclerosis – hardening of plaque within blood vessels which can cause occlusionsblood vessels which can cause occlusions

• Cardiomegaly – enlargement of the heartCardiomegaly – enlargement of the heart

Disease and disorders - not built Disease and disorders - not built from word partsfrom word parts

• Congenital heart diseaseCongenital heart disease

• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

• Myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarction

• EmbolusEmbolus

• Congestive heart failure (CHF)Congestive heart failure (CHF)

DID YOU KNOW?DID YOU KNOW?

• A hemorrhoid is a varicose vein in the rectum!A hemorrhoid is a varicose vein in the rectum!• Angina pectoris was originally believed to be Angina pectoris was originally believed to be

a disorder of the breast – it was later a disorder of the breast – it was later determined to be a result of a coronary determined to be a result of a coronary syndromesyndrome

• The disease Hodgkin’s was first identified by The disease Hodgkin’s was first identified by a pathologist; Thomas Hodgkin, in 1832 but a pathologist; Thomas Hodgkin, in 1832 but wasn’t named until 1865 by another physicianwasn’t named until 1865 by another physician

Surgical, procedural, and diagnostic Surgical, procedural, and diagnostic termsterms

• DefibrillationDefibrillation• EmbolectomyEmbolectomy• Laser angioplastyLaser angioplasty• ArteriogramArteriogram• EKG – electrocardiogramEKG – electrocardiogram• TEE – transesophageal echocardiogramTEE – transesophageal echocardiogram• Cardiac catheterizationCardiac catheterization• SphygmomanometerSphygmomanometer

Complementary termsComplementary terms

• CPR – cardiopulmonary resuscitationCPR – cardiopulmonary resuscitation

• BP – blood pressureBP – blood pressure

• OcclusionOcclusion

• SystoleSystole

• SerumSerum

• Heart murmurHeart murmur

• vasodilatorvasodilator

Anatomy of the lymphatic systemAnatomy of the lymphatic system

The function of the lymphatic system is to adjust metabolic activity to absorb tissue fluids (commonly called lymph)The lymph travels through a series of nodes, organs, and vessels throughout the body.

Anatomy of the BloodAnatomy of the Blood

• Composition of blood:Composition of blood:

• PlasmaPlasma

• SerumSerum

• CellsCells

• Red blood cellsRed blood cells

•White blood cellsWhite blood cells

• PlateletsPlatelets

Body’s Defense – the Immune SystemBody’s Defense – the Immune System

• Natural skin barriersNatural skin barriers

• PhagocytosisPhagocytosis

• Protective proteinsProtective proteins

• AntibodiesAntibodies

• B-cellsB-cells

• T-cellsT-cells

Word PartsWord Parts

• Lymph/oLymph/o

• Lymphaden/oLymphaden/o

• Myel/oMyel/o

• Phleb/o, Ven/oPhleb/o, Ven/o

• Splen/oSplen/o

• Plasm/oPlasm/o

Anatomy of the digestive systemAnatomy of the digestive system

• What do these body parts do?What do these body parts do?

• LiverLiver• GallbladderGallbladder• PancreasPancreas• Oral cavity (mouth)Oral cavity (mouth)• Small intestineSmall intestine• Large intestineLarge intestine

•

Anatomical termsAnatomical terms

• PalatePalate• PharynxPharynx• DuodenumDuodenum• CecumCecum• Salivary glandsSalivary glands• GallbladderGallbladder• PancreasPancreas• PeritoneumPeritoneum

Combining formsCombining forms

• Duoden/oDuoden/o

• Esophag/oEsophag/o

• Gastr/oGastr/o

• Stomat/oStomat/o

• Sigmoid/oSigmoid/o

• Diverticul/oDiverticul/o

• Pylor/oPylor/o

Disease and disorder terms – built Disease and disorder terms – built from word partsfrom word parts

• AppendicitisAppendicitis• CholecystitisCholecystitis• GastroenteritisGastroenteritis• PancreatitisPancreatitis• GingivitisGingivitis• HepatitisHepatitis• PeritonitisPeritonitis• RectoceleRectocele

Disease and disorder terms – not Disease and disorder terms – not built from word partsbuilt from word parts

• Anorexia nervosaAnorexia nervosa• CirrhosisCirrhosis• Crohn’s diseaseCrohn’s disease• Gastric ulcerGastric ulcer• GERD – gastroesophageal reflux diseaseGERD – gastroesophageal reflux disease• IleusIleus• ObesityObesity• Ulcerative colitisUlcerative colitis

Surgical, procedural, and Surgical, procedural, and diagnostic termsdiagnostic terms

• GastroplastyGastroplasty• Bariatric surgeryBariatric surgery• HemicolectomyHemicolectomy• LaparotomyLaparotomy• AnastomosisAnastomosis• CholangiogramCholangiogram• ColonoscopyColonoscopy• EGD – esophagogastroduodenoscopyEGD – esophagogastroduodenoscopy• SigmoidoscopySigmoidoscopy• Guaiac test (stool for occult blood)Guaiac test (stool for occult blood)

Complementary termsComplementary terms

• AphagiaAphagia• DysphagiaDysphagia• GastroenterologistGastroenterologist• NasogastricNasogastric• PeritonealPeritoneal• Rectal Rectal • SublingualSublingual• AscitesAscites• DiarrheaDiarrhea• Gastric lavageGastric lavage• HematemesisHematemesis• Nausea and vomiting (N & V)Nausea and vomiting (N & V)