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Chapter 10

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

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Function of the Cardiovascular System

Transporting nutrients and oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide and other waste products

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Closed circulatory system

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Interior of the Heart

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Cardiovascular System

heart: muscular organ the size of a closed fist, located behind the breast bone and between the lungs. The pumping action, circulates blood throughout the body

upper chambers: right and left atriumlower chambers: right and left ventriclecardiac septum: separates right and left sides of heart

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Cardiovascular System (cont’d)

tricuspid valve: located between right atrium and right ventriclebicuspid valve (mitral valve): located between the left atrium and left ventricle pericardium: outer layer of heartmyocardium: middle, thick, muscular layerendocardium: inner lining of the heart

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Interior of the Heart

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Cardiovascular System (cont’d)

blood vessels: tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

arteries: carry blood containing oxygen & other nutrients away from the heart to the body cells except for the pulmonary artery,which carries carbon dioxide and other waste products to the lungsarterioles: smallest arteriesaorta: largest artery in the body

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Circulation

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Cardiovascular System (cont’d)

veins: carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products back to the heart except for the pulmonary vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

venules: smallest veins in the bodyvenae cavae: largest veins in the bodycapillaries: connect arterioles with venules; exchange of gases takes place in capillaries

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Cardiovascular System (cont’d)

bloodplasma: liquid portion of blood in which cells floatcells

erythrocytes: red blood cells that carry oxygenleukocytes: white blood cells that fight infectionplatelets (thrombocytes): for coagulation

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Blood components

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Erythrocytes

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Leukocytes

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Function of the Lymphatic System

Removal of excessive tissue fluid, whichdevelops from increased metabolic activity.

(Lymphatics, or lymph vessels, are foundthroughout most of the body.)

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Lymphatic System

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Lymphatic System

lymph: transparent, usually colorless, tissue fluidlymph nodes: small, spherical bodies made up of lymphoid tissue; act as filters in keeping substances such as bacteria from the blood

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Lymphatic System (cont’d)

spleen: located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm; largest lymphatic organ in the bodythymus gland: located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs; plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system

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Combining Forms for Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

angio/oaort/oarteri/oatri/ocardi/olymph/o phleb/oplasm/o

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Combining Forms for Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems (cont’d)

splen/othym/ovalv/o, valvul/oven/oventricul/o

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Combining Forms Used with Cardio-vascular and Lymphatic Systems

ather/oech/oelectr/oisch/otherm/othromb/o

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Prefixes

brady-tachy-

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Similar Suffixes Usedin Diagnostic Terms

Suffix Meaning Chapter

-gram Record, x-ray image

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-graph Instrument used to record

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-graphy Process of recording, x-ray imaging

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Suffixes

-ac-apheresis-crit-graph

-odynia-penia-poiesis-sclerosis

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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts

Heart and Blood Vesselsangiocarditisangiomaangiostenosisaortic stenosisarterioscletosisatherosclerosisbradycardiacardiodynia

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Aortic Stenosis

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A coronary artery has been opened longitudinally. The coronary extends from left to right across the middle of the picture and is

surrounded by epicardial fat. This coronary shows only mild atherosclerosis, with only an occasional yellow-tan lipid plaque and

no narrowing.

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This is coronary atherosclerosis with the complication of hemorrhage into atheromatous plaque, seen here in the center of the photograph.

Such hemorrhage acutely may narrow the arterial lumen.

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This is the left coronary artery from the aortic root on the left. Extending across the middle of the picture to the right is the anterior descending branch. This coronary shows severe atherosclerosis with extensive calcification. At the far right, there is an area of significant

narrowing.

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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

Heart and Blood Vesselscardiomegalycardiomyopathyendocarditisischemiamyocarditispericarditistachycardiathrombophlebitis

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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

Blood and Lymphatic Systemshematocytopeniahematomalymphadenitispancytopeniasplenomegalythrombosisthrombusthymoma

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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts

acute coronary syndromeanemiaaneurysmangina pectoriscardiac arrestcoarctation of the aortacongestive heart failure (CHF)coronary occlusion

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Aneurysm

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Coarctation of the Aorta

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Closed circulatory system

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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)dysrhythmiaembolusfibrillationhemophiliahemorrhoidHodgkin diseasehypertensive heart disease (HHD)

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(electric activity) / cv / (heart) / cv / (record)

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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

leukemiamitral valve stenosismyocardial infarction (MI)peripheral arterial disease (PAD)rheumatic feversickle cell anemiavaricose veins

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Varicose Veins

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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts

angioplastyangiorrhaphyatherectomyendarterectomypericardiocentesisphlebotomysplenopexythymectomy

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Percutaneous Translumenal Angioplasty

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Stent, Angioplasty Ballon

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Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts

aneurysmectomybone marrow transplantcardiac pacemakercoronary artery bypass graft (CABG)coronary stentdefibrillationfemoropopliteal bypasshemorrhoidectomy

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Defibrillation

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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

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Coronary Stent

A, Stent at site of plaque formation. B, Inflated balloon and expanded stent. C, Implanted stent.

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Placement of Defibrillator Paddles

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Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

implantable cardiac defibrillator laser angioplasty

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Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator

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Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts

Heart and Blood VesselsDiagnostic imaging

angiographyangioscopyaortogramarteriogramvenography

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Angiography, venography

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Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

Heart and Blood VesselsCardiovascular diagnostic proceduresechocardiogram (ECHO)electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

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Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts

Blood and Lymphatic SystemsLaboratory

erythrocyte count (RBC)hematocrit (HCT)leukocyte count (WBC)

Diagnostic imaginglymphangiography

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Diagnostic Terms Not Builtfrom Word Parts (cont’d)

Heart and Blood VesselsDiagnostic imaging

digital subtraction angiography (DSA) Doppler ultrasoundexercise stress testthallium testtransesophageal echocardiogram

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Diagnostic Terms Not Builtfrom Word Parts (cont’d)

Heart and Blood VesselsOther diagnostic terms

sphygmomanometerstethoscope

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Sphygmomanometer

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Diagnostic Terms Not Builtfrom Word Parts (cont’d)

Blood and Lymphatic SystemLaboratory

complete blood count (CBC)coagulation timehemoglobin (Hgb)prothrombin time (PT)

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Diagnostic Terms Not Builtfrom Word Parts (cont’d)

Otherbone marrow biopsycardiac catheterizationimpedance plethysmography

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Bone Marrow for Biopsy

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Cardiac Catheterization

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Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts

atrioventricular (AV)cardiaccardiogeniccardiologyhematologisthematopoiesishemolysishemostasis

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Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

hypothermiaintravenoustachypneathrombolysis

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Diagnostic Terms Not Builtfrom Word Parts (cont’d)

Heart and Blood Vesselscardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)distoleheart murmurhypertensionhypotensionpercussionsystole

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Diagnostic Terms Not Builtfrom Word Parts (cont’d)

Blood and Lymphatic Systemsanticoagulanthemorrhageplasmaserum

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Abbreviations

ACSAVBPCABGCADCBCCCU

CHFCPRDSADVTECG, EKGECHOHCT

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Abbreviations (cont’d)

HgbHHDIVMIPAD

PTRBCSPECTTEEWBC