Unit 5
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Transcript of Unit 5
Unit 5
Different Urban Types and Different Urban Types and
Traditional Chinese Villages Traditional Chinese Villages
Types of Chinese City/TownTypes of Chinese City/Town
Authorized (government concessiongovernment concession)
Unauthorized
Administrative center at all levels Administrative center at all levels
Commercial centerCommercial center
Garrison Town (Wei-Suo)Garrison Town (Wei-Suo)
Postal StationPostal Station
Others (detached palaces; mausoleum)Others (detached palaces; mausoleum)
Smuggling harborsSmuggling harbors
Oversea China TownOversea China Town
Commercial City/Town in HistoryCommercial City/Town in History
Windows for powerful (enclosed) empires International trade and the growth of big commercial cities; strict
segregation of Chinese from foreign merchants:
Yangzhou, Quanzhou and Guangzhou
Famous handicraft towns Advanced technology and productivity; the prosperity of exporting
trade: Jingdezhen, Huzhou and Foshan
Coast smuggling harbors Government maritime restrictions and the rampaging smugglers:
Zhoushan Islands and Zhangzhou harbor
Commercial Cities of ChinaCommercial Cities of ChinaYangzhouYangzhou QuanzhouQuanzhou
GuangzhouGuangzhou
Handicraft Towns and Smuggling Harbors
Jingdezhen Huzhow
Zhoushan IslandsZhoushan Islands
Construction of Postal StationConstruction of Postal Station Postal systemPostal system Early postal relay stations starting from the Han dynasty (206 BC-220
AD); Long distance trade integrated China and the world (Silk Road)
Great progress in Yuan DynastyGreat progress in Yuan Dynasty Genghis Khan installed an empire-wide messenger and postal station
system named Örtöö within the Mongol empire. The postal stations were used not only for the transmission and delivery of official mail, but also available for traveling officials, military men, and foreign dignitaries. There were more than 1400 postal stations in China alone by the end of Kublai Khan's rule.
Function of postal stationFunction of postal station Station troops; accommodate officers and merchants; warehouse and
market; local residents and temples
Postal Station and International Postal Station and International Trade during Mongolia DominanceTrade during Mongolia Dominance
Postal Stations in 1330Postal Stations in 1330
Postal Station in Ancient ChinaPostal Station in Ancient ChinaJimingyi, Hebei P.Jimingyi, Hebei P.
Mengyuyi Jiangsu P.Mengyuyi Jiangsu P.
South China: waterways South China: waterways
North China: impregnable pass North China: impregnable pass
InternationalInternational TradeTrade and World Citiesand World Cities
Garrison System and City ConstructionGarrison System and City Construction
Guard Town (Wei-Suo) system in Ming D.Guard Town (Wei-Suo) system in Ming D. A military system directly under the central government; unified
management of the army and local government
Function and organizationFunction and organization Cultivating the wilderness (Army FarmingArmy Farming) and guarding the
frontier: 5600 soldiers for 1 Wei, which has 5 Suo (each leads 1120 soldiers) under its command; altogether there were 547 Wei (both inner and outer) and 2563 Suo in Ming Dynasty.
Cities grew from the garrison townsCities grew from the garrison towns Jinzhou, Tianjin, Yantai, Nahui (Shanghai)……
Structure of Garrison TownStructure of Garrison Town
Location of Ming GarrisonsLocation of Ming GarrisonsNinghaiwei, Ninghaiwei, Shandong P.Shandong P.
Tianjinwei, Hebei P.Tianjinwei, Hebei P.
Songfanwei, Sichuan P.Songfanwei, Sichuan P.
Major Cities Born from Wei-SuoMajor Cities Born from Wei-Suo
Shanhai-Guan, Hebei P.Shanhai-Guan, Hebei P.
Yantai, Shandong P.Yantai, Shandong P.
Tianjin Tianjin
Elements for Village ConstructionElements for Village Construction
Natural and built environment Fengshui guided village location: mountain and land geomantic
configuration; well planned infrastructure: water supply, defense
facilities and drainage system
Religious and education buildings Lineage dominance and religion: Zongci (Ancestral Hall) and
Buddhist temples, village school and stage for local operas
Layout of Chinese traditional villages Village wall and guarded gate, public space, road system, rural
market system……
Typical Chinese VillagesTypical Chinese Villages (Hongcun, Anhui Province) (Hongcun, Anhui Province)
Typical Chinese Villages Typical Chinese Villages (Dangjia, Shannxi Province) (Dangjia, Shannxi Province)
Traditional Clan Compound Traditional Clan Compound ( (Shangxi Wangjia)Shangxi Wangjia)
Road System in Chinese VillagesRoad System in Chinese Villages
Dangjiacun, Shannxi P. Dangjiacun, Shannxi P.
Hongcun, Anhui P. Hongcun, Anhui P.
Zheng He‘s Long Voyages &Zheng He‘s Long Voyages & the the Construction of Oversea China-town Construction of Oversea China-town Expansion of Ming Empire influence
Political motivation gave impetus to the great sea adventure: struggle to the throne in Ming Dynasty (1399-1402) and the demonstrate of the new empire’s power
Economic benefits and cultural exchanges Exchange of commodities between China, Southeast Asian countries
and Africa: silk, porcelain, gild gifts vs. ostriches, zebras, camels and ivory, etc. ; knowledge about various local customs and practices in daily life vs. the understanding of a highly developed civilization in the East;
Construction of China-towns in Southeast Asia (Malysia, Indonesia, Singapore……)
Voyages of Zheng He & the Discovery Voyages of Zheng He & the Discovery
Arabia Peninsula, East Africa, India, Arabia Peninsula, East Africa, India, Malay Archipelago and Thailand, Malay Archipelago and Thailand, Champa, Java, Siam, Cochin, Ceylon.....Champa, Java, Siam, Cochin, Ceylon.....Malacca became a useful transit centre Malacca became a useful transit centre for replenishment of Ming fleet for replenishment of Ming fleet suppliessupplies
Surabaya, IndonesiaSurabaya, Indonesia
Zheng He’s Navigation based on the Advanced Technology in Ship-building
Zheng He’s nautical chart Zheng He’s nautical chart
China Town in the WorldChina Town in the World
China Town in New YorkChina Town in New YorkConfuciusConfucius TowerTower