Unit 4 – Plant Reproduction Unit 4 – Plant Reproduction Lesson: Lesson 8 Chromosomes Lesson: Lesson 8 Chromosomes

and Geneticsand Genetics

Colorado Agriscience CurriculumColorado Agriscience Curriculum

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Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Gentics PP and Gentics PP

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Chromosomes and GeneticsChromosomes and Genetics

What do I know about chromosomes?What do I know about chromosomes?

What do I think I know about chromosomes?What do I think I know about chromosomes?

What don’t I know about chromosomes?What don’t I know about chromosomes?

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Objectives Objectives 1. Identify the anatomy of 1. Identify the anatomy of

chromosomes. chromosomes.

2. Understand how chromosomes 2. Understand how chromosomes determine gender.determine gender.

3. Identify chromosome structure and 3. Identify chromosome structure and identify chromosome mutations. identify chromosome mutations.

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I. Chromosome TerminologyI. Chromosome Terminology

A) Self – Replicating genetic structure of A) Self – Replicating genetic structure of cells containing DNA that bears genes cells containing DNA that bears genes

B) ChromatidsB) Chromatids 2 exact copies of DNA that makes up a 2 exact copies of DNA that makes up a

chromosome chromosome

C) Centromere C) Centromere – Place where chromatids are attached to form a Place where chromatids are attached to form a

chromosomechromosome

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I. Chromosome Terminology I. Chromosome Terminology

D) Homologous ChromosomeD) Homologous Chromosome Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic

contentcontent E) Genes E) Genes

– 1. Fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity 1. Fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity – 2. Found on chromosomes2. Found on chromosomes

F) GametesF) Gametes– 1. Organisms reproductive cells (sperm/egg)1. Organisms reproductive cells (sperm/egg)

G) Somatic cellsG) Somatic cells– 1. All cells besides sex cells1. All cells besides sex cells

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I. Chromosome TerminologyI. Chromosome Terminology

H) Diploid H) Diploid – A cell that contains two sets of like chromosomes A cell that contains two sets of like chromosomes

I) Haploid I) Haploid – A cell that contains one set of like chromosomesA cell that contains one set of like chromosomes

J) ZygoteJ) Zygote– A fertilized ovumA fertilized ovum

E - MomentE - Moment

Hieroglyphic MomentHieroglyphic Moment

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II. Gender II. Gender

A) AutosomesA) Autosomes– 1. Chromosomes that are not involved in 1. Chromosomes that are not involved in

determining the gender of an individualdetermining the gender of an individual

B) Sex Chromosomes B) Sex Chromosomes – 1. One pair of chromosomes that determine 1. One pair of chromosomes that determine

gendergender A. X chromosome = FM = XXA. X chromosome = FM = XX B. Y chromosome = M = XY B. Y chromosome = M = XY

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III. Number of Chromosomes III. Number of Chromosomes

Humans = 46Humans = 46 Cattle = 60Cattle = 60 Sheep = 54Sheep = 54 Swine = 38Swine = 38 Horses = 64Horses = 64 Corn = 20 Corn = 20

2 chromosomes are 2 chromosomes are sex chromosomes sex chromosomes

1/2 of the total # of 1/2 of the total # of chromosomes is chromosomes is contributed by the contributed by the male and 1/2 by the male and 1/2 by the femalefemale

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V. Chromosome Structure V. Chromosome Structure

Down load or scan picture Down load or scan picture

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VI: Chromosome MutationsVI: Chromosome Mutations

A) change in an organisms A) change in an organisms chromosome structurechromosome structure– 1. Deletion 1. Deletion

A. piece of a chromosome breaks off (often A. piece of a chromosome breaks off (often fatal)fatal)

– 2. Duplication 2. Duplication A. fragment of a chromosome attaches to its A. fragment of a chromosome attaches to its

homologue homologue

– 3. Inversion 3. Inversion Fragment reattaches to its chrom. ???? Is Fragment reattaches to its chrom. ???? Is

placed their backwards placed their backwards

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IV. Genetic Disorders IV. Genetic Disorders

A. Usually caused by mutations A. Usually caused by mutations – 1. Fainting Goats1. Fainting Goats

a. defect in muscle tissue that causes temporary a. defect in muscle tissue that causes temporary tetanus when under stresstetanus when under stress

– 2. 2. www.faintinggoat.comwww.faintinggoat.com Research history of the breed to decide if all genetic Research history of the breed to decide if all genetic

mutations are bad. mutations are bad.