Unit 3. Byzantine Empire and Frankish Empire

Cristóbal Marín

I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 24

GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE

UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE

OUTLINE

ASPECTOS LINGÜÍSTICOS VOCABULARY

1 - THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND GERMANIC TRIBES (PEOPLES)

• THE CRISIS AND FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE

• THE DIVISION OR ROMAN EMPIRE (THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE).

• THE GERMANIC TRIBES • ACTIVITIES

2 - THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

• CHARACTERISTICS • JUSTINIAN • ACTIVITIES

3 - BYZANTINE CIVILIZATION

• CHARACTERISTICS • CULTURE AND ART • ACTIVITIES

4 - THE FRANKISH OR CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE

• THE FRANKS • CHARLES MARTEL AND THE BATTLE

OF TOURS • CHARLEMAGNE

5 – CULTURE OF CAROLINGIANS • CHARACTERISTICS • ACTIVITIES

6 - VOCABULARY

PASADO SIMPLE. VERBOS

REGULARES E IRREGULARES.

CAN/ CAN´T. COULD/ COULDN´T.

PHONETICS

/��:/ /�� / /u:/

/u/ /��:/ /əəəə/ INGLÉS: LA PRONUNCIACIÓN DE LOS PASADOS REGULARES.

• AT THE BEGINNING • BATTLE AXE • COUNTIES • TO DECLINE • EASTERN EMPIRE • EMPRESS • FALL • FOR A LONG TIME • IMPRESSIVE • KEEP WATCH • MARCHES • MAYOR OF THE

PALACE • ONCE AND FOR ALL • RIOTS • TO SET UP • TO SETTLE DOWN • SUBJECTS • TOPICS • TRIBES • WESTERN EMPIRE

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PHO�ETICS •

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/��:/ /�� / /u:/

/u/ /��:/ /əəəə/ INGLÉS: LA PRONUNCIACIÓN DE LOS PASADOS REGULARES.

•

1 – THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND GERMANIC TRIBES (PEOPLES)

From the 3rd century on, Rome faced a social, political and economical crisis. The Empire was too large for one person to rule it, so Emperor Diocletian divided it into four parts and worked on other reforms. These reforms failed to improve the situation of the Roman Empire, and so did Constantine reforms, who became Emperor in 312.

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Another Emperor, Theodosius, trying to overcome the crisis, decided to divide the Empire after his

death and give them to his two sons. In 395, the Roman Empire split into two separate parts: - The Western Roman Empire, with its capital in Rome. - The Eastern Roman Empire, with its capital in Constantinople. These two parts of the Empire followed two very different destinies:

- The Western Roman Empire only survived until 476, when Germanic tribes defeated the last Roman Emperor. - The Eastern Roman Empire resisted the invasion of Germanic tribes and lasted until 1453.

These two dates, 476 (fall of the Western Roman Empire) and 1453 (fall of the Eastern Roman Empire), mark the beginning and the end of the Medieval Age.

There were many different Germanic groups:

Ostrogoths, Lombards, Visigoths, Franks, Vandals, Angles and Saxons. They came from the forests of northern Europe in search of warm climates and better land for their cattle.

At the beginning they settled

down in the borders of the Roman Empire but soon they were fighting to take control of more land. These tribes occupied different areas after the fall of the Western Roman Empire: - Franks in France. - Vandals in Northern Africa. - Visigoths in Spain. - Ostrogoths and Lombards in Italy. - Angles and Saxons in Britain.

� Activities:

- Answer these questions: • Which emperor divided the Roman Empire into four parts?................................................................... • Which emperor divided the Roman Empire into Western Empire and Eastern Empire?....................... • What was the capital of Western Empire?.............................................................................................

http://www.worldology.com/Europe/images/decline_rome.jpg

http://go.hrw.com/venus_images/0304MC05.gif

http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/1320hist&civ/slides/08romfal/romeburning.jpg

http://i285.photobucket.com/albums/ll54/Liffrea66/Visigoth_warrior.jpg

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• What was the capital of Eastern Empire?..............................................................................................

- Create a time line and place these historic events and periods in their corresponding places: -Rome faced a social, political and economical crisis-; -Constantine became Emperor-; -The Roman Empire split into two separate parts-; -Fall of the Western Roman Empire-; -Fall of the Eastern Roman Empire-; -The Middle Ages-; -The Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)-.

- List the name of seven Germanic tribes and write of the name different areas that they occupied after the fall of the Western Roman Empire:

2 – THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

The Eastern Roman Empire had its capital at Constantinople, a former Greek colony named Byzantium, and it grew rich and powerful. It was known as Byzantine Empire.

At the beginning the Byzantine Empire followed Roman traditions, but later it adopted some Greek customs, for example, Greek replaced Latin as the official language, and emperors were called “basileus”, the Greek word for king.

The Byzantine Empire reached its peak with Emperor Justinian in the 6th century. At this time the Empire stretched to Italy, North of Africa and South of Spain (apart from the former territories of Greece, Asia Minor and Egypt).

Justinian became Emperor in 527 and ruled until 565. He

was a strong leader and was helped by efficient government officials and by his wife Theodora, who was very intelligent.

Justinian also organized the laws. After his reforms, laws were easier to understand and his Law

Code had great influence in the rest of Europe. After Justinian died, the Empire began to lose territories and was conquered by different peoples. Finally it was defeated and dominated by the Turkish once and for all.

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http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/1320hist&civ/slides/05space/justinian.jpg

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� Activity: - With the help of the above map, write in the map on the right the territories that formed the Byzantine Empire in times of Justinian. Write out its capital as well.

3 – BYZANTINE CIVILIZATION

Byzantine culture was a mix of Roman, Greek and Christian elements. For a long time Constantinople was the largest and richest city in Europe. This was in part because of the geographical situation of the Empire as a centre of trade between Europe and Asia.

Byzantines were educated and produced impressive works of art. Constantinople was known for its churches and palaces. The most important building was Hagia Sophia, a huge church completed in 537. It still stands in Istanbul as a museum.

Also important and beautiful were Byzantine mosaics, made of bits of coloured glass or stone that decorated the inside of churches, monasteries and museums. � Activity: - Look for information about the Nika riots (revolts) or about the basilica (church) of Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) and write an original composition about one of those topics.

http://www.roma-tours.com/ g/byzantine_empire.gif

............................................................................................ ………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………............. …………………………………………………………............. …………………………………………………………............. ………………………………………………………….............

http://www.mlahanas.de/Hellas/Byzanz/Bio/TheodoraI.jpg

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4 – THE FRANKISH OR CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE

One of the Germanic peoples were the Franks. They settled down in the area of today’s France. Frankish kings often fought between them and government was in the hands of the nobles. The most important of these nobles was called “the mayor of the palace”. One of these mayors was Charles Martel, who defeated the Muslims coming from Spain at the Battle of Tours (also known as Battle of Poitiers) in 732. His men used a type of battle axe called <<Francisca axe>>. This stopped Muslim advance into Europe.

Pippin, Charles Martel’s son also became also mayor of the palace, and in 751 he became king of the Franks. Pippin was succeeded by his son Charles, who increased the territory of the Frankish kingdom and became emperor in 800. He founded the Carolingian Empire. Because of all his conquests he was known as Charlemagne or Charles the Great.

Charlemagne divided the territory into counties and marches (in the border areas). They were administrative units. To keep the nobles under control, he had the “missi dominici” (messengers of the lord), who checked that the rules were followed.

But after Charlemagne’s death his empire did not last. His son Louis was a weak leader and after he died the kingdom was divided between his three sons: Charles, Louis and Lothair.

Digital reconstruction of Hagia Sophia how it was in times of Justinian. http://josephpatterson.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/hagia-sophia.jpg

Hagia Sophia nowadays. http://www.turkeyportal.com/wp-content/uploads/Hagia_Sophia.jpg

http://www.islam-watch.org/Assets/Battle-of-Poitiers-Tours-Charles-Martel-Ramadan-month.jpg

http://www.swordsswords.com/images/products/display/Antiqued_Vikings_Francisca_Axe_1.jpg

http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/charlemagne_coronation.jpg

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5 – CULTURE OF CARILINGIANS

Charlemagne was an intelligent person who studied many subjects. He wanted his people to be educated. He set up a school in one of the royal palaces (Palatine Chapel) where the children of government officials studied. The subjects included grammar, rhetoric, dialectic and the elements of geometry, astronomy, and music (seven liberal arts).

� Activities: - Look for information about the Frankish tribe and answer these questions:

• What was the name of the first king of all Franks in the 6th century? • Name another Germanic tribe that was defeated by that king in the year 507 in France? • What was the name of that battle? • What was the name of the dynasty that was founded by that king?

- Read the questions. Choose the correct answer. • Who was Charles Martel? a) a king b) a mayor of the palace c) Pippin´s son • When did Pippin become into king?: a) 751 b) 800 c) 732 • Who become into Emperor in the year 800? a) Charlemagne b) Louis c) Lothair • What was the name of men who keep watched the nobles? a) marches b) missi dominici c) messengers of

the god • What is the name of Charlemagne´s son? a) Lothair b) Charles c) Louis

- Look for information about Charlemagne and answer these questions:

• In which year was he born?................................................................................................................... • In which year did he die?....................................................................................................................... • What territories did he conquer?............................................................................................................ • With which other tribes did he fight?...................................................................................................... • Who what? Pope was Charlemagne crowned by?................................................................................ • What was the Carolingian Renaissance?..............................................................................................

- Say if these events, names, and churches belong to the Byzantine Empire or the Frankish (Carolingian) Empire.

• Basileus…………………………………………………………………………….. • Battle of Tours or Poitiers………………………………………………………… • Eastern Empire............................................................................................... • Emperor Charlemagne.................................................................................... • Emperor Justinian...........................................................................................

http://www.irelandhistory.org/pictures/empire-of-charlemagne.gif

http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/Images/109images/Carolingian/Ebbo_Matthew.jpg http://www.blogarquitectura.com/wp-content/uploads/Capilla-Palatina-Aquisgr%C3%A1n.jpg

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• Empress Theodora………………………………………………………………... • Francisca Axe…………………………………………………………………........ • Hagia Sophia……………………………………………………………………….. • Missi Dominici……………………………………………………………………… • Nika Riots…………………………………………………………………………... • Palatine Chapel...............................................................................................

- What of these photos belong to Byzantine Empire or Frankish Empire?

6 – VOCABULARY

English Pronunciation Spanish A

Also adv. /'�:lsəʊ/ También, además

As well adv. /əz/ /wi:l/ También

At the beginning expression de tiempo /æt/ /ði/ /b�'g�n�ŋ/ Al principio, en el principio

B

Battle axe sust. y sust. /'bætl/ /æks/ Hacha de batalla

Bits sust. /b�t/ Trozos, pedazos

Border areas adj. y sust. /'b�:rdər/ /'eriə/ Áreas fronterizas

C

to Call verb. /k�:l/ Llamar

Cattle sust. /'kætḷ/ Ganado, reses

to Check verb. /tʃek/ Controlar, revisar

Churches sust. /tʃ�:rtʃis/ Iglesias

Conquer verb /'kɑ:ŋkər/ Conquistar

to Conquests sust. /'kɑ:ŋkwests/ Conquistas

Counties sust. /kaʊnti:s/ Condados

Customs sust. /'k�stəms/ Costumbres

D

Death sust. /deθ/ Muerte

Decline sust. /d�'kla�n/ Declive, decadencia

to Defeat verb. /d�'fi:t/ Derrotar

Destiny sust. /'dest�ni/ Destino

to Divide into verb. /d�'va�d/ /'�ntu/ Dividir en

Dynasty sust. /'d�nəsti/ Dinastía

E

Eastern empire adj. y sust. /'i:stərn / /'empa�ə(r)/ Imperio oriental

Emperor sust. /'empərər/ Emperador

Empress sust. /'empr�s/ Emperatriz

http://media.lonelyplanet.com/lpimg/6331/6331-1/preview.jpg http://hartforth.com/images/CharlemagneCrown.jpg http://standingandwaiting.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/solidus-justinian_ii-christ_b-sb1413.jpg http://www.kalipedia.com/kalipediamedia/historia/media/200707/17/hisuniversal/20070717klphisuni_53.Ees.SCO.png

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Events sust. /�'vents/ Eventos

F

to Face verb. /fe�s/ Enfrentarse, encararse

Fall sust. /f�:l/ Caída

to Follow verb. /'fɑ:ləʊ / Seguir

For a long time adv. expression de tiempo /f�:r / /e�/ /'l�:ŋ / /ta�m/ Por mucho tiempo

G

Grammar sust. /'græmər/ Gramática

H

Huge adj. /'hju:d(/ Enorme, inmenso-a, gigantesco-a

I

Impressive adj. /�m'pres�v/ Admirable, digno-a de admiración

to Improve verb. /�m'pru:v/ Mejorar

K

Keep watch verb. /ki:p/ /wɑ:tʃ/ Vigilar, mantener la vigilancia

L

Large adj. /lɑ:rd(/ Grande

Last adj. /lɑ:st/ Último-a

Law code sust. y sust. /l�:/ /kəʊd/ Código de leyes, Código legislativo

Leader sust. /'li:dər/ Líder, dirigente

Liberal arts adj. y sust. /'l�bərəl/ /ɑ:rts/ Artes liberales

to List verb. /l�st/ Enumerar

M

Marches sust. /mɑ:rtʃs/ Marcas

Mayor of the palace sust., prep., art., sust. /'me�ər/ /ɑ:v/ /ði/ /'pæləs/ Mayordomo de palacio

Mix sust. /m�ks/ Mezcla

N

Nobles sust. /'nəʊbəls/ Nobles

O

Once and for all expresión de tiempo /w�ns/ /ænd/ /f�:r / /�:l/ De una vez por todas, definitivamente

to Overcome verb. /ʊvə'k�m/ Vencer

P

Palatine palace sust. /palə)tīn/ /'pæləs/ Palacio palatino

R

to Reform verb. /'ri:'f�:rm/ Reformar

to Replace verb. /r�'ple�s/ Reemplazar, sustituir

Riots sust. /'ra�əts Revueltas, disturbios

S

Search sust. /s�:rtʃ/ Búsqueda

Set up verb. /set/ /�p/ Fundar, erigir, establecer

to Settle down verb.y adv. /'setḷ/ /daʊn/ Asentarse

Son sut. /s�n/ Hijo

Soon adv. /su:n/ Pronto

to Split into verb. /spl�t/ /'�ntu/ Dividir en

Subjects sust. /'s�bd(�kts/ Temas, materias

T

Topics sust. /'t+p�ks/ Temas

Tribes sust. /tra�bs/ Tribus

U

Under control prep. y sust. /'�ndər/ /kən'trəʊl/ Bajo control

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Until adv. /�n't�l/ Hasta

W

Warm adj. /w�:rm/ Cálido

Western empire adj. y sust. /'westərn/ /'empa�ə(r)/ Impero occidental

Wife sust. /wa�f/ Esposa, mujer

Unit 3. Byzantine Empire and Frankish Empire

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Transcript of Unit 3. Byzantine Empire and Frankish Empire