Unit 2A Seminar Presentation

8/4/2019 Unit 2A Seminar Presentation

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Unit 2 Business InformationSystems: An Overview


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The Purpose of Information Systems

Businesses use information systems

To make sound decisions

To solve problems

Problem is any undesirable situation

Decision arises when more than one solution toproblem exists

Problem solving and decision making requireinformation

Keys to success in business are Gathering correct information

Storing information

Using information


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Data, Information, and Information

Systems Data, information and system are commonlyused terms

Important to understand their similarities and

differences Data: a given or fact

Can be number, statement, or picture

Information: facts or conclusions that havemeaning within context

Composed of data that is manipulated


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Data Manipulation

Data is manipulated to make useful information

Survey is common method of collecting data

Raw data is hard to read Information is more useful to business than data


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Generating Information

A process is manipulation of data

Process usually produces information

Process may produce more data A piece of information in one context may be

considered data in another context


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Information in Context

Not all information is useful

Useful information is

Relevant Complete

Accurate

Useful information is

Current

Obtained economically (in business)


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What Is a System?

System: array of components that work togetherto achieve goal or goals

System

Accepts input

Processes input

Produces output

System may have multiple goals

System may contain subsystems Subsystems have sub-goals that meet main goal

Subsystems transfer output to other subsystems


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What is a system? (continued)

Closed system: has no connections with

other systems

Open system: interfaces and interacts

with other systems

Often a subsystem of a bigger system

Information system: processes data and

produces information


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Information and Managers

Systems thinking: thinking of an organization interms of subsystems

Database: collection of electronic records

Information systems: automate exchange

among subsystems

Information map: network of information

systems

Information technology: technologies thatfacilitate construction and maintenance of

information systems


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The Four Stages of Processing

Input: collect and introduce data to system

Transaction: a business event, usually

entered as input

Data processing: perform calculations oninput

Output: what is produced by the

information system Storage: vast amounts of data stored on

optical discs


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Computer Equipment for Information

Systems Input devices: receive input

Computer: process data

Output: displays information Storage devices: store data

Network devices: transfer data


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From Recording Transactions to Providing

Expertise: Types of Information Systems

Many types of information systems

Capabilities of applications have been

combined and merged

Management Information System:

supports planning, control, and making

decisions


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Transaction Processing Systems

Most widely used type of system Records data collected at point where

organization interacts with other

parties Encompasses cash registers, ATMs

and purchase order systems


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Supply Chain Management Systems

Supply chain: sequence of activitiesinvolved in producing products

Activities include marketing, purchasing

raw materials, manufacturing, shipping,billing, collection, and after-sale services

Also known as enterprise resource

planning systems


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Customer Relationship Management

Systems Customer relationship management:

managing relations with customers

Used in combination with telephones toprovide customer service

Often linked to Web applications that

track online transactions


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Business Intelligence Systems

Business Intelligence: gather data to

help organization compete

Often contains statistical modelsAccess large pools of data

Data warehouse: large database that

usually store transactional records


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Decision Support and Expert Systems

Decision support system: supportsdecision-making

Relies on models to produce tables

Extrapolates data to predict outcomes Expert system: supports knowledge-

intensive decision-making

Uses artificial intelligence


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Geographic Information Systems

Geographic information system: tiesdata to physical locations

Represents data on a map in different

formats May reflect demographic information in

addition to geographic

May use information from GPS satellites


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Information Systems in Business

Functions Functional business area: services

within a company that support main

business Includes accounting, finance, marketing,

and human resources

Part of a larger enterprise system


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Accounting

Information systems help record

transactions

Produce periodic statements Create required reports for law

Create supplemental reports for managers


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Finance

Finance systems facilitate financial

planning and business transactions

Tasks include organizing budgets,managing cash flow, analyzing

investments, and making decisions


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Marketing

Pinpoint likely customers and promoteproducts

Marketing information systems analyze

demand for products in regions anddemographic groups

Identify trends in demand for

products/services

Web provides opportunity to collect

marketing data


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Human Resources

Human resource management systemsaid record-keeping

Must keep accurate records

Aids recruiting, selection, placement,and reward analysis

Performance evaluation systems provide

grading utilities


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Web Empowered Enterprises

E-commerce: Buying and selling goods

and services through Internet

Internet is a vast network of computersconnected globally

Web has a profound impact on information

systems


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Discussion

Lets return to our discussion now.

We will return for a review of the

information systems job titles.


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Careers in Information Systems

Information technology professionals are

increasingly in demand

Networking, system analyst, softwareengineering, and database administrator

jobs are increasing in demand


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Systems Analyst

System analyst: designs and updates

information systems

Involves analyzing system requirements,documenting development efforts, and

providing specifications for programmers

Requires communication and presentationskills


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Database Administrator

Database administrator: responsible for

databases

Develops and acquires databaseapplications

Must protect privacy of customers and

employeesResponsible for securing the database


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Network Administrator

Network administrator: acquires,

implements, manages, maintains,

troubleshoots networks Implements security

Firewalls

Access codes


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Webmaster

Webmaster: creates and maintains Web

site

Designs and codes the page Demand forWebmasters grows as more

businesses use Web


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Chief Security Officer

Chief security officer: supervises

security of information system

Position exists due to growing threat toinformation security

Reports to chief information officer


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Chief Information Officer and Chief

Technology Officer Chief information officer: responsible for

all aspects of information system

Often the vice president Chief technology officer: has similar

duties as CIO

Unit 2A Seminar Presentation

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