UNIT 2 – THE 13 ORIGINAL COLONIES

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6SrZ-6cGVA

JAMES TOWN – THE LONDON COMPANY

Company granted a charter

Brought 144 settlers, mostly gentlemen, some

farmers, some indentured servants

What is an indentured servant?

105 made it to North America

Leadership in Jamestown was lacking

Story of John Smith, Pocahontas and John Rolfe

Not like the Disney movie

JAMESTOWN WAS A CHARTER COLONY

The men going to Jamestown were given a charter.

This charter was a set of rules as to how the King of

England wanted the colony to be run

The settlers were supposed to obey the charter to the

best of their ability

www.historyglobe.com/jamestown

JAMESTOWN CONT.

Soon they were sick and starving, ½ died within a

few months

Resorted to cannibalism, even looting their own fresh

graves and fresh graves of the Indians

The Powhatans decided to help them and

introduced them to tobacco – this would be where

the major export began

Soon the London Co. started making $ - indentured

servants worked off debt

WHAT IS A PRIMARY SOURCE?

PLYMOUTH AND THE PILGRIMS – AND THE

MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY

This was the group that came over on the

Mayflower – known as Separatists

Wanted to get back to the most pure form of their

protestant religion – were very, very, very, very strict

They were in search of religious freedom

Originally they had fled to the Netherlands

102 People on the ship, only 35 were

Separatists/Pilgrims – today, we refer to the whole

group as pilgrims.

Led by William Bradford

PLYMOUTH ROCK, MASS. While onboard the ship, they

signed the MAYFLOWER COMPACT. This would be the first „republic‟ governing document in the Americas.

They meant to settle in Jamestown but a storm blew them off course and they landed in Massachusetts Bay, too close to winter to keep going.

Like Jamestown, they landed in a really poor area to start a new colony – and at a bad time of year

MAYFLOWER COMPACT

"In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620."

THREE KEY POINTS IN THE MAYFLOWER

COMPACT:

1. Pledged loyalty to England

2. Declared their intention of forming a „civil body

politic, for our better ordering and preservation‟

3. Pledge to obey laws of the new colony

HELP FROM NATIVES AT PLYMOUTH

Squanto and Samoset

taught them to grow

crops and fish

Massasoit, Wampanoag

leader, signed a treaty

with the Pilgrims and

they all lived in peace

Jamestown, Virginia

1607

Colinize-money

Indians help with tobacco

Sent things to spain

Never found gold

CHARTER!!!

Failed- hungry

All men

John Smith

No work no food

Plymouth, Mass.

Pilgrims – religious freedom

Indians help with food/farming

Separatists

Mayflower Compact

Came as families

Representative Government

13 colonies

Help from

Indians, guid

ance from

King James

Came by

boat

MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY

Started by Puritans, John Winthrop

In 1630 - Led about 900 men, women, and children to

Boston

In the 1630‟s 15,000 people would migrate from

England to Boston

This colony established a general assembly to

make their rules/laws. The general assembly was

composed of elected officials.

But, they had a royal Charter

RHODE ISLAND

Banished Roger Williams from Massachusetts

He thought people should not be banished for their ideas

Founded Providence, and for the next 40 years

welcomed people of all religious backgrounds, including

Jews

Drew people who were forced out of Massachusetts

Became a safe place for dissenters

Received Charter from the King in 1644

CONNECTICUT

Settled Thomas Hooker, who

became dissatisfied with Puritans

and founded Hartford

Colonists also in search of better

soil, wanted to leave Mass.

Hartford would join with two other

towns and eventually establish

Connecticut

Adopted the Fundamental Orders

of Connecticut, which was the

first written constitution in

America and described a

representative government -

1636

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Very similar story to that of Rhode Island

They left Massachusetts for religious freedom but

went north instead of south

Finally became independent of Mass.

John Wheelwright

1638

CONFLICTS WITH NATIVES BEGINS IN NEW

ENGLAND

1675 war begins with Wampanoag

The colonists would win, now free to expand as far

as they wanted

Region Colony Date Founded Reason Founded Unique Traits

Northern

Colonies

New Hampshire 1638 Mass was too strict – Religious

freedom – wanted to change

rules slightly (from Mass and

England)

Traveled north not south –

(bigger)

Massachusetts 1630 Break from the Ch of Eng. Bc

of religious freedom – wanted

to be more strict (Puritans,

Pilgrims)

Worked, very strict, religious,

VERY VERY STRICT! – Charter

and Congress – mayflower

compact inspired

Connecticut 1636 Better soil – farmer – religious

freedom – (came from Mass,

England – T. Hooker )

Fundamental orders of

Connecticut – first written

constitution in americA –

CONGRESS

Rhode Island Roger Williams – kicked out of

Mass for questions – more

relaxed environment than

mass. (England)

Welcomed every religion –

including other christians and

jews

DUTCH SETTLE MANHATTAN → NEW YORK

Settled by Dutch, originally

named New

Amsterdam, was founded

for fur trapping.

Became a proprietary

colony – run by the guy

who owns the land.

Most settlers settled

around the Hudson River

Valley

Named for the King‟s

brother, the Duke of York

Would be quietly

conquered and taken as a

British Colony

NEW JERSEY

The Duke of York gave the southern part of his

colony to two other English nobles.

They named it New Jersey after the island of

Jersey in the English Channel where one of the

noblemen was born.

Also a proprietary colony.

To get people there they gave large tracts of

land, promised religious freedom, trial by jury and a

representative assembly.

No natural harbors, so did not develop as a major

port.

PENNSYLVANIA

William Penn and the Quakers

William Penn Sr. had loaned the king

money, and instead of having it paid

back, he asked for land in the Americas

Quakers believed in the „immediacy‟ of

God‟s teachings

They thought that you didn‟t need a church

or a minister for God to talk to you.

Instead, you had your own „inward light‟

They were pacifists – meaning they

didn‟t believe in fighting or war, hence

Philadelphia “city of brotherly love”

Proprietary colony – run by the

individuals who were given land from the

king.

DELAWARE

Was originally the southern tip of Pennsylvania

Settled by Swedes and Dutch

The Charter of Privileges, allowed them to form

their own legislature and from then on became

known as their own colony.

Another proprietary colony.

Report to Governor of Pennsylvania

MARY LAND AKA MARYLAND

Haven for Catholics, named for King Henry VIII‟s daughter, Mary (aka Bloody Mary)

After King Henry VIII died his daughter tried to get England to go back to Catholicism, the Catholic colony would be named for her

Grew tobacco first, then said you had to grow at least one other crop, this included corn, fruit, wheat, veggies, and livestock

Baltimore established itself as a major port for Maryland

Mason-Dixon line was established to keep Pennsylvania and Maryland from fighting over boundaries

VIRGINIA

Started with Jamestown

Bacon‟s Rebellion: attacked Native Americans and

burnt down Jamestown – land dispute

would have taken charge of Virginia, but died

NORTH/SOUTH

CAROLINA

Meaning Charles land in Latin

Set up as a propriety colony south of Virginia

Settled Charles Town (Charleston)

John Locke wrote their constitution, but Carolina

deviated from that plan

People in the north and south disagreed and would

form two colonies, North and South

Very rich farmland

Developed Indigo, blue dye, “blue gold”

Many slaves brought for sugar production

GEORGIA

Founded by James Oglethorpe on the belief of freedom, no slaves, etc., he settled Savannah

Was supposed to be a place where English debaters could make a fresh start

Colony set up as a buffer zone between Spanish and English

They couldn‟t hold to Oglethorpe‟s plan and eventually were overrun with non-British and Oglethorpe returned to England

Then, large plantations developed, requiring slaves

COLONIAL EXPORT GAME - RULES

Colony

Visited

Exports

Invested In

Amount

Invested

Amount of

Return

Profit or

Loss

Running

Total

NH List items you

think will make

money

Do not

invest more

$ than you

have!

Amount

invested x the

number on

your multiplier

card

Amount of

Return –

amount

invested

Add the

profit or loss

to your

running

total

EXPORT GAME WRITING ASSIGNMENT

Write a RASP paragraph for EACH of the following questions:

1. What were the biggest mistakes you made in your investments? Why did you choose to invest in those products in those particular colonies?

2. What lessons did you learn from your „bad‟ investments? Did your mistakes change the way you invested in the end?

3. What were the best investments that you made? How did you know to invest in those exports? (or were they just a guess?)

COLONIAL EXPORT GAME ASSESSMENT:

ANSWER ON A SHEET OF PAPER TO TURN IN

1. Which colonies were the most profitable

(not just for your team, but overall in the

game)?

Why do you think those colonies were the

most profitable colonies?

Which colonies were the least profitable (not

just for your team, but in the overall game)?

Why do you think those colonies were the

least profitable?

IOC VOTES TODAY:

SOUTHERN COLONY BORDER WARS

Colonies Involved Results/Solutions

COLONIAL TRADE: THE TRIANGULAR TRADE

MIDDLE PASSAGE: THE SHIPPING OF ENSLAVED

AFRICANS FROM THE INDIES

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=2E75D11D-BBC0-4698-

A5D5-A4D4A01A904F&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US#

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COLUMBIAN

EXCHANGE AND TRIANGULAR TRADE

Columbian Exchange

The introduction of major goods to/from

Europe

Includes mostly disease

Involves America/Europe

Triangular Trade

The massive trading of goods to/from

Europe

Includes the “Middle Passage”

Involves East Indies – with America and

Europe

BRITISH LIFE IN THE COLONIES

Ideas changed in England – the

Glorious Revolution led to the

English Bill of Rights in 1689

England saw colonies as an

economic resource

England placed Navigation Acts-

said the colonies could only trade

with England

So some colonists start to smuggle

their products

TYPES OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT

Charter – had a document given by the king they were ordered to follow, but could sometimes elect their own governors/members of the legislature

Proprietary- run by individuals given land by Great Britain, free to rule as they wished- and they could choose to appoint a governor

Royal – by 1760‟s GA, MA, NH, NJ, NY, NC, SC, and VA were all royal colonies

Directly ruled by britain and the king appointed a governor and members of legislature – colonists could elect a second legislature, but it wasn‟t as powerful as the first

ITS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND:

Up to this point, the colonists still considered

themselves Englishmen first, then Virginians/New

Englanders, etc.

They never would have considered themselves

American

Why? Because England was still defending them

and buying their goods and supporting them

Against Who you may ask?...

The French!! – we have already talked about the long standing

rivalry between the French and the English, here it is again…

NEW FRANCE UNITES THE COLONIES

French Louisiana, named for King Louis

XIII, French, who started in Canada, would travel

down the Mississippi river and claim all the land

they found for France, when this happened Spanish

moved to the southeast

France came to convert the Native Americans to

Catholicism, but learned their languages, did not

ask them to change their traditions, and grew slowly

so they did not kick Indians off their land

Attacks from France would unite the colonies

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR…

WHEN WE FIRST MEET OUR GREAT

HERO…FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR Virginia‟s Governor sent a young

man to go and tell the French that they were in British Territory in Virginia

He spent 3 weeks with them and came home and wrote a book –the Journal of Major George Washington, describing his adventures

Indians choose the lesser of the two evils, siding with the French

Even with Natives, French were outnumbered and not as strong of soldiers

War was between the French and Indians on one side and the British on another

FRANCE AND BRITAIN CLASH: WHAT WE ALREADY

KNOW

“America was a pawn in a larger chess game”

Kenneth C. Davis

The British and the French have a long standing Rivilary

Little “wars” have been going on in the colonies between the British and the French

King Williams War

Queen Anne‟s War

King George‟s War

FRANCE AND BRITAIN CLASH: NEW

INFORMATION

THE ALBANY PLAN OF UNION

Created by Ben Franklin

His goal was for the colonies to unite against the

French

They also wanted the Iroquois Indians to take sides

with them as well

This plan called for “one general government” for 11

of the colonies. A legislature would be elected to

represent them all and have the power to raise

taxes and build an army

Not one colony approved the plan – they didn‟t

want to give up their sovereignty

IN A 5 SENTENCE RASP PARAGRAPH, WHAT

MESSAGE IS FRANKLIN TRYING TO CONVEY WITH

THIS, THE FIRST POLITICAL CARTOON?

GB DECLARES WAR ON FRANCE

The Seven Years War is fought in Europe and in the

colonies

For the first 4 years, GB and colonies lose, but a

new British general takes charge and turns things

around…

Eventually, New France falls in 1759 for a British

Victory!

THE PROCLAMATION OF 1763

King George III declares the Application Mountains

the end of the colonial territory

This ignored some colonists who had settled past this

boundary

RESULTS OF THE FRENCH & INDIAN WAR

Great Britain defended the Colonies against the French and the Indians. War ended with the Treaty of Paris.

This defense was expensive

British also fought in 4 other wars in the colonies

King Williams War

Queen Anne‟s War

King George‟s War

French and Indian War

Now, the British feel that the colonies should help them make their money back…they begin to raise TAXES.

Washington tried to retire after this war, he didn‟t want to be a soldier any more.

WHY DOES THIS MATTER??

The British wanting to make their money back is

what eventually unites the colonies to rise against

King George III