Unit 2: People and the Planet Revision lesson 1 of 3 Learning objective To revise TOPIC 1:...
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Transcript of Unit 2: People and the Planet Revision lesson 1 of 3 Learning objective To revise TOPIC 1:...
Unit 2: People and the Planet
Revision lesson 1 of 3
Learning objective
To revise
TOPIC 1: Population dynamics
KEY CONCEPT
S
BIRTHS IMMIGRANTS
DEATHS EMIGRANTS
POPULATION
Birth and Death rates change as a country becomes wealthier – WHY?
Country Stage in DTM
Birth rate
Death rate
Natural change
Swaziland 1 27.0 30.4 - 3.4
Cambodia 2 25.5 8.2 + 17.3
Chile 3 15.0 5.9 + 9.1
UK 4 10.7 10.1 + 0.6
Germany 5 8.2 10.7 - 2.5
Youthful population = ? Ageing population = ?
The Demographic Transition Model
1) Development of modern medicines. This has meant that more and more people are kept alive due to modern practices.
2) Introduction of vaccination and immunisation programmes e.g. smallpox vaccination that helps people to live longer.
3) Cleaner drinking water and better sewage disposal, a lot more people have access to clean drinking water than before.
4) Better healthcare systems – more doctors, nurses and hospitals, means that people can be treated and not die.
5) More hygienic housing and lifestyles. 6) Better diets, e.g. promoting eating ‘5 a day’
Reduction in death rates – WHY?
Population Pyramids
Which population pyramid is which?
(Germany, Kenya and USA)
Youthful population - MexicoThis is when a country has a very high percentage of people under the age of 15.
Problems:• Pressure on housing – not enough housing, people living in slums. This is very common around the big cities (New Delhi), where millions of people live in shanty towns with no running water, roads, sewage of any kind. • Pressure on schooling – illiterate population. India’s literacy rate is 60%• Pressure on food supplies - famine, food distribution difficulties. • Pressure on health services – a growth in diseases being spread around and not being dealt with adequately to stop the spread.
Ageing population - JapanThis is when a country has a very high percentage of people over the age of 65.
Problems Solutions
Health care Provide more health care e.g. retirement homes, hospital
beds, more undertakers, etc. Skilled health care workers needed
Pensions Increase tax – not popular Raise retirement age – not popular * this is likely
to happen in the UK soon* Abolish state pensions – not popular
Why and how can governments change their populations?
To stop the population getting too old (ageing) So they need more tax
payers/raise taxes To fill job shortages
Reduce strain on physical resources – water, food
Reduce strain on human resources – jobs, services
Encourage migrants to come Financial incentives for women
to have more children:o Better and longer maternity payo Cash - ‘Baby bonus’o Ongoing child benefit pay
Encourage emigration Financial rewards for having
less children Financial penalties for having
too many children
EXAMPLE: Estonia
WHY?
HOW?
Increase the population Decrease the population
EXAMPLE: China
Case Study: Pro-Natalist: Estonia
Case Study: Anti-Natalist – China’s one child Policy
http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/chinastories/video_stories/liu_xiao/
Managing migration In 2004 the eastern European
countries of Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Slovenia joined the EU (A8 – Accession countries).
There has been a notable increase in migrants from these countries coming to the UK for work since 2004.
Migration: Advantages and Disadvantages for source and host countries
Example: Poland and the UK
Sample questions What changes have helped to lower the global
infant mortality rate? (2) How and why does the infant mortality rate
differ between developing and developed countries? (2)
Explain two problems faced by countries with ageing populations. (4)
Explain two problems faced by countries with youthful populations. (4)
Explain how governments can encourage an increase in the birth rate (4)
Using examples, explain the positives and negatives of migration on source and host countries (6)