Unit 2: Unit 2: 600 – 1450 600 – 1450

CECEQUESTION OF THE DAY QUESTION OF THE DAY

What do you know about What do you know about Islam?Islam?

5 minutes to discuss5 minutes to discuss

The Rise of IslamThe Rise of Islam

The barren wastelands of the Arabian Peninsula The barren wastelands of the Arabian Peninsula witnessed the development of a belief system witnessed the development of a belief system that has evolved into a political system, a that has evolved into a political system, a religions, and an economic system: religions, and an economic system:

Dar al-Islam = House of IslamDar al-Islam = House of Islam Founder = Muhammad 600 CEFounder = Muhammad 600 CE Followers = MuslimFollowers = Muslim Faith = 5 Pillars of IslamFaith = 5 Pillars of Islam Types = Sunni and Shi’iteTypes = Sunni and Shi’ite Spread = India, Southeast Asia, and AfricaSpread = India, Southeast Asia, and Africa

MuhammadMuhammad

Born in Born in MeccaMecca (religious and commercial center) (religious and commercial center) in 570 CEin 570 CE610 Muhammad has a “revelation” – archangel 610 Muhammad has a “revelation” – archangel Gabriel comes to him and tells him that there is Gabriel comes to him and tells him that there is one god; one god; AllahAllahNot accepted so he and his followers fled to Not accepted so he and his followers fled to MedinaMedina Able to be prophet of new faith in peaceAble to be prophet of new faith in peace Organized his followers into groups called Organized his followers into groups called UMMAUMMA 629 they went back to Mecca on a pilgrimage or 629 they went back to Mecca on a pilgrimage or HAJJHAJJ 632 go back to Mecca on another HAJJ632 go back to Mecca on another HAJJ

632 Muhammad dies without appointing a successor632 Muhammad dies without appointing a successor

The TeachingsThe Teachings

Muslim = One who submitsMuslim = One who submits5 Pillars must be followed by all Muslims5 Pillars must be followed by all Muslims

1.1. Faith – “There is no god but Allah and Muhammad Faith – “There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet”is his prophet”

2.2. Prayer – Must pray 5 times per day facing MeccaPrayer – Must pray 5 times per day facing Mecca3.3. Fasting – cannot eat from dawn until dusk during Fasting – cannot eat from dawn until dusk during

the month of the month of RamadanRamadan4.4. Alms – “giving” must pay the ZAKAT for the needyAlms – “giving” must pay the ZAKAT for the needy5.5. The Hajj – At least once in a followers life they must The Hajj – At least once in a followers life they must

make a pilgrimage to Meccamake a pilgrimage to MeccaCOMPILED INTO THE COMPILED INTO THE QURANQURAN IN 650 CE AND HAVE IN 650 CE AND HAVE

TO FOLLOW THE TO FOLLOW THE SHIRIASHIRIA (MORAL LAW) (MORAL LAW)

Split of IslamSplit of Islam

Abu-BakrAbu-Bakr was chosen as Muhammad's was chosen as Muhammad's successor or successor or CALIPHCALIPHUthman the Umayyad was appointed his Uthman the Umayyad was appointed his successor then he was assassinatedsuccessor then he was assassinatedAli Ali (son–in-law of Muhammad) was his (son–in-law of Muhammad) was his successor, but caused controversy because he successor, but caused controversy because he was not a blood relative of Muhammad and he was not a blood relative of Muhammad and he was assassinated in 661was assassinated in 661 Shi’iteShi’ite – believed the CALIPH should be a direct – believed the CALIPH should be a direct

member of Muhammad's familymember of Muhammad's family SunniSunni – (largest group) thought the CALIPH should – (largest group) thought the CALIPH should

be chosen by the be chosen by the UMMAUMMA (Muslim community) (Muslim community)

ExpansionExpansion

Islam spread by Islam spread by military conquestmilitary conquest in Asia and in Asia and AfricaAfrica1 year after Muhammad’s death the 1 year after Muhammad’s death the Arabian Arabian PeninsulaPeninsula was Islamic was Islamic651 Persia conquered and turned Muslim651 Persia conquered and turned Muslim77thth century century Syria, Mesopotamia, Palestine, and Syria, Mesopotamia, Palestine, and EgyptEgypt converted converted88thth century century Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, NW India, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, NW India, Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal converted convertedEarly conquerors were concerned with the Early conquerors were concerned with the extension of power.extension of power.

Umayyad CaliphUmayyad Caliph

661 the 661 the Umayyad FamilyUmayyad Family came to power in the came to power in the Islamic WorldIslamic World Emphasized Arabic ethnicity over expansionEmphasized Arabic ethnicity over expansion Inferior status assigned to IslamInferior status assigned to Islam Respect for Jews and Christian as “Respect for Jews and Christian as “People of the People of the

BookBook”” Luxurious living for ruling familiesLuxurious living for ruling families

Overthrown by the Overthrown by the Abbasid DynastyAbbasid Dynasty in 750 in 750The family was killed except for one member The family was killed except for one member who escaped to Spain and established the who escaped to Spain and established the Caliphate of CordobaCaliphate of Cordoba

Al-AndalusAl-Andalus

Spain was conquered in Spain was conquered in 711 by the 711 by the BerbersBerbers of of North AfricaNorth AfricaStopped 200 miles south Stopped 200 miles south of Paris at the of Paris at the Battle of Battle of ToursToursThe The Caliphate of CordobaCaliphate of Cordoba boasted libraries and free boasted libraries and free educationeducationArabic words such as Arabic words such as sofa, algebra, and alcohol sofa, algebra, and alcohol incorporated into Spanishincorporated into SpanishMuslim architecture Muslim architecture added to Spainadded to Spain

Islam in India and Southeast AsiaIslam in India and Southeast Asia

1212thth century Muslims conquered the Indus Valley century Muslims conquered the Indus Valley Centered government in DelhiCentered government in Delhi Delhi Sultanate controlled India from 1206 – 1526Delhi Sultanate controlled India from 1206 – 1526 Was not popular with Hindu India because of Was not popular with Hindu India because of

monotheismmonotheism

In Southeast Asia spread from commercial In Southeast Asia spread from commercial contacts rather than militarycontacts rather than military 88thth century Muslim traders reached India century Muslim traders reached India Popular on the islands of Indian Ocean (Sri Lanka)Popular on the islands of Indian Ocean (Sri Lanka) Buddhism remained predominantBuddhism remained predominant

Islam in AfricaIslam in Africa

Spirit of Spirit of Jihad (holy war)Jihad (holy war) brought Islam to Africa in 8 brought Islam to Africa in 8thth centurycentury1010thth century century EgyptEgypt became Islamic became Islamic1010thth century century Kingdom of GhanaKingdom of Ghana converted converted1313thth century conversion of century conversion of Kingdom of MaliKingdom of MaliRulers accepted Islam but common people remained Rulers accepted Islam but common people remained polytheisticpolytheisticEast African cities of East African cities of Mogadishu, Mombasa, and KilwaMogadishu, Mombasa, and Kilwa became vibrant centers of Islambecame vibrant centers of IslamDid not find success in the interior of Africa mainly Did not find success in the interior of Africa mainly because African women enjoyed freedoms.because African women enjoyed freedoms.

The Mamluk DynastyThe Mamluk Dynasty

Islamic capitol of Islamic capitol of Baghdad was Baghdad was destroyed by the destroyed by the Mongols in 1258Mongols in 1258

The The MamluksMamluks made made EgyptEgypt the center of the center of IslamIslam

Ruled during the 14Ruled during the 14thth and 15and 15thth century until century until the Ottoman Turks took the Ottoman Turks took over in the 16over in the 16thth century century

The Role of Women in Islamic The Role of Women in Islamic SocietySociety

Early women had more Early women had more rights than those in other rights than those in other monotheistic religionsmonotheistic religions

Men could have 4 wives / Men could have 4 wives / women only 1 husbandwomen only 1 husband

Both men and women Both men and women were equal before Allahwere equal before Allah

Later women were Later women were secluded from public life secluded from public life to be kept out of the gaze to be kept out of the gaze of menof men

Islam and SlaveryIslam and Slavery

Forbidden to enslave Forbidden to enslave followers of Islamfollowers of Islam

Known to free slaves Known to free slaves especially if they especially if they convertedconverted

Children born to slave Children born to slave women were women were considered freeconsidered free