Unit 1 Review
Chapters 28/29, 1-7
What type of fracture travels across the bone perpendicularly?
Transverse Fracture
What is a fracture that occurs when opposing forces are
applied to a bone from both ends at the same time?
Compression Fracture
What is a fracture that runs the length of the bone?
Longitudinal Fracture
What is a fracture that is caused by a torsional force?
What is a fracture that is crushed into several pieces?
Comminuted Fracture
What is a fracture that travels in a diagonal line across the
bone?
Which plane of the body divides into Right and Left
halves?
Which plane of the body divides into Top and Bottom
halves?
Tranversal/Horizontal
Which plane of the body divides into Front and Back
halves?
Which plane of the body does shoulder abduction primarily
occur?
Name 2 out of the 4 Qualities of Leadership
Integrity, Vision, Inspiration, Competence
What is a dislocation?
When a bone comes out of its joint and stays out
What is a subluxation?
When a joint comes slightly apart or comes apart and
goes back together
What is a fracture?
A bone that is broken
What stage of the healing process to Phagocytes work?
Stage 1: Acute Inflammatory
Which stage of the healing process is used to allow the
tendons, ligaments and muscles to withstand the stress applied to
the body during activity?
Stage 3: Remodeling
What is an open wound that is a partial tearing away of a
body part?
What is an incision?
An open wound caused by a cutting object
What is an abrasion?
The scraping off a layer of skin
What is a laceration?
A jagged, irregular open wound caused by a non-
cutting object
What is an amputation?
The complete removal or tearing away of a body part
What is a puncture?
When a pointed object enters the body
What is contrecoup?
When the injury occurs on the opposite side of the initial
injury
What is a strain?
An injury to a tendon or muscle
What is a sprain?
An injury to a ligament
What does a ligament do?
Connects bone to bone
What does a tendon do?
Connects muscle to bone
What does cartilage do?
• Provides shock absorption
• Provides smooth joint movement
• Connects bones together
What body tissue works with the bones to provide
movement for the body?
Name 2 functions of bones
• Provide Structure
• Protect vital organs and structures
• Work with muscles to create movement
• Produce blood cells
• Store minerals
Which bones make up the axial skeleton?
Skull, Spine, Ribs, Pelvis
Which bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
The ear is _______ to the nose
Posterior & lateral
The pinky is ______ to the thumb
The head is ______ to the belly button
The little toe is ______ to the big toe
The quads are______
The hips are_______ to the head
The elbow is _____ to the shoulder and ______ to the wrist
The hamstrings are _______
Name 3 people in the Central Sports Medicine team
• Athlete
• Athletic Trainer
• Parents
• Coach
• Team Physician
How many CEU’s must an ATC obtain every 3 years?
What form would you use to document a specific treatment
given to an athlete?
What form would you use to document progress made
during rehabilitation?
Rehabilitation progress chart
Which form gives permission to treat?
Which form would you fill out when an accident occurs?
What is assumption of risk?
An individual understands that by participating in sports he/she may be injured
What is proximate cause?
A close relationship between the way a person acted and
the injury that resulted.
What is negligence?
A legal wrong characterized by the failure to act as a reasonably
prudent person would act in a similar situation.
What is gross negligence?
And no…you can’t say the step beyond negligence…
When a person fails to provide even a small amount
of care when needed
Name 3 ways to avoid legal issues
• Have a written contract• Use equipment that
meets established safety standards
• Require preparticipation physical exams
• Have athletes/parents sign an assumption of risk form
• Maintain CPR and first aid certifications
• Have a crisis plan• Document all injuries
and procedures• Build trust• Check for hazards• Stay educated
Which role of an ATC is related to taping, bracing and
bandaging?
Injury Prevention
Which role of an ATC is related to on the field
assessments?
Recognition, Evaluation and Immediate Care
Which role of an ATC is related to placing work orders
and purchase orders?
Health-care Administration
Which role of an ATC is related to continuing
education?
Professional Development and Responsibility
What is the PREMIER model?(what does it stand for)
• Promote a professional image
• Remember your vision
• Engage in learning
• Maximize your strengths
• Innovate and create
• Enlist the help of others
• Reflects
Describe the anatomical position.
Standing straight up, palms facing forward.
Name 2 functions of skin
–First line of defense
–Keeps fluids in
–Picks up sensations
–Secretes oily substance
Name 2 functions of cartilage
• Joins structures, absorbs shock and permits smooth bone movement
What is a traditional setting for an ATC to work in?
• Schools (high school, college)
• Professional sports
• Sports medicine clinic (physical therapy clinic)
What are the 4 things found in a diarthrodial joint?
• Joint Capsule: sleeve-like ligament that surrounds the entire joint
• Synovial Membrane: a slick lining on the inside of the capsule
• Hyaline Cartilage: a thin layer of cushioning at the end of bones
• Ligaments
What ROM does a body segment glide forward?
What ROM does a joint bend/shorten?
Name 3 things you can to do follow universal precautions.
• Barrier Protection: gloves, eye protection, face mask
• Sharps Disposal: used sharps should be put in proper containers. One-way access so these cannot be taken out again.
• Infectious Control: dispose of contaminated materials in a biohazard bag
• Hand Washing: if you come in contact wash your hands as soon as possible
What is the difference between a sign and a
symptom?
Sign: observed or measuredSymptom: feelings of the
athlete
Name 4 ways to prevent heat-related illnesses
• Acclimatize
• Wear lightweight uniforms
• Frequent water breaks
• Weigh in before and after practice
• Check humidity and temperature
• Avoid saunas and hot-tubs for extended time
• Eat properly
• Get plenty of rest
• Replace fluids lost after practice
• STAY HYDRATED ALWAYS!!!!
Name 4 ways to prevent cold-related illnesses
– Dry, non-restrictive clothing– Acclimatize– Layers– Avoid outdoors in extreme cold– Cover head, mouth and extremeties– Try to stay dry– Wind-resistant clothing
Name 2 signs of heat stroke
• little or no sweating
• hot dry skin
• body temp of 105 F or more
• low blood pressure
• rapid weak pulse
• rapid breathing rate
• dilated pupils
• unconsciousness
When an object covers the air passage and doesn’t allow air to flow in and out of the lungs
what is that called?
Total Airway Obstruction
What is a condition in which the air passages narrow in
response to an allergen, such as pollen, dust, mold or even
exercise?
Name 4 life-threatening conditions
• Respiratory Arrest (breathing has stopped)• Cardiac arrest (heart has stopped)• Internal bleeding• Shock• Burns• Heat-related illness• Cold-related Illness• Asthma attack• Diabetic emergency• Drowning• Electrocution• Falls from heights• Poisoning• Severe bleeding• Anything else that causes breathing or cardiac impairment
When should you rule out life-threatening conditions?
During the primary survey
The process of determining the severity of injury to
establish priority among multiple people.
What order is the secondary assessment performed in?
• History
• Inspection
• Palpation
• Special testing
What is the first action you should do to take control of
external bleeding?
Apply direct pressure
What is the normal range for a teenager/adult for heart rate?
When in the dark, pupils should…
How long should capillary refill take?
How do you measure an athlete’s ability to move?
Through ROM testing
What does PRICE stand for?
• Protection
• Rest
• Ice
• Compression
• Elevation
What type of shock is characterized by a loss of
blood?
Hypovolemic/Hemmhoragic
What type of shock is a person in who has a heart
attack?
What type of shock occurs when there is a loss of fluids?
Name 4 signs of shock
– Agitation– Rapid, weak pulse– Decreased BP (100mm HG or lower systolic)– Cold, clammy skin– Sweating– Cyanosis– Increasing unconsciousness– Pale skin tone
Name 2 symptoms of shock
• SYMPTOMS– Nausea– Dizziness– Thirst– Anxiety
Name the 5 organs necessary to sustain life
• Brain
• Heart
• Lungs
• Liver
• Kidney
If you remove an athlete’s helmet, what must also be
removed?
So that the head remains in line with the rest of the body
What always needs to be removed before an athlete is
transported in an ambulance?
If a spinal injury is suspected how should an athlete be removed from the field?
On a spine board