Unit 1, Lesson 1- Identifying Minerals and Crystals! (K12 notes)• Rocks contain many natural

resources like oil, coal, iron, and salt• Almost all of rocks are made of

minerals

Minerals have 3 specific traits-1) Naturally Occuring- not made

by humans; found in nature2) Inorganic- not made by living

things; could be made by things once living

3) Solid- not a liquid or a gas

-Most minerals are made of silicon and oxygenSilicate-any of a group of common minerals, such as quartz or feldspar, that make up 90 percent of the earth´s crust -There are more than 4,000 minerals on Earth! What?!!!

• Minerals do not come with name tags!• Scientists have to make a

number of observations to figure out what minerals they find!

• Crystalline Structure- the arrangement of atoms and molecules• Color- this is obvious! LOL.• Streak- a line of colored powder

that is left when a mineral rubs across a porcelain tile• Luster- the amount of light that

reflects off a mineral• Cleavage- how the mineral splits

apart• Fracture- how a mineral breaks• Hardness- the ability of a mineral

to resist being scratched• Chemical Properties- the chemical

makeup of a mineral

Before doing Mineral Identification Lab- check these

out!A Brief Introduction to

Minerals videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a7p1NFn64s

A Fun Mineral Song!https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-F0IA21bgmM

Unit 2-Lesson 2-LAB-Mineral Identification• You will use what you learned to identify 6 mineral samples• You identify one mineral by watching a video, then you identify the

other 5 on your own!• Gather all your materials before you begin- and watch all the videos-

they are very helpful!• Take notes to keep in your Science notebook!• Keep your lab data sheet in your notebook!

Unit 2-Lesson 3 (K12 notes)Igneous Rocks!

• Igneous means “formed by fire”• Igneous rocks form in volcanoes

where magma pushes through the Earth’s crust• When magma reaches the

Earth’s surface, it is called lava• As magma and lava cool down,

Igneous rocks are formed• They form either above or below

the earth’s surface

• Intrusive Igneous rocks cool slowly underground and are coarse-grained (have large mineral crystals)

• Extrusive Igneous rocks form outside the surface and cool quickly. They are fine-grained (fine, smooth texture)

Unit 2-Lesson 4 (K12 notes)Sedimentary Rocks!

-Rocks that are formed when sediments are compressed and squeezed together-Most rocks we see above ground are sedimentary-Compaction- process of sediments squeezing together-Cementation- process of sediments sticking together

Examples-Conglomerate- course-grained rock made of small pebblesShale-forms when tiny particles of clay are placed under great pressureSandstone- porous rock that holds deposits of oil or water

Limestone

-Chemical sedimentary rock formed from chemicals dissolved in water-Can also form when shells or skeletons of clams, coral, and other ocean life form layers of sediment on the ocean bottom and are compressed. -Used as a building stone and in cement- very common

Unit 2-Lesson 5 (K12 notes)Metamorphic Rocks!

• rock that has undergone change, caused by intense heat and pressure, from an earlier form, without melting is metamorphic• metamorphic rock formed by

alteration of limestone, used especially in architecture and sculpture is marble• Any igneous or sedimentary rock

may be transformed into metamorphic rocks by intense heat and pressure

• Non-foliated-metamorphic rock that does not separate into layers when broken (gneiss, schist)

• Foliated-metamorphic rock that separates into layers when broken (quartzite, marble)

More Resources about Rocks!

www.thehappyscientist.comUser name- LVSPassword- LVSClick on Earth Science

A Song about Rockshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPgE74Vltdc

Bill Nye video-Rocks and Soilhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iERstXaTIq8

“We Will Rock You” song about the Rock Cycle!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r68iEwYdbh4