Unemployement
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Transcript of Unemployement
Unemployment
Submitted To:Prof. Pooja Arora
Unemployment
Submitted By: Umesh Kumar Puneet Mokta FA1
First of all let us know what is Full Employment…
Full employment is a condition of the national economy, where all or nearly all persons willing and able to work at the prevailing wages and working conditions are able to do so.
Then what is Unemployment…
• “Unemployment occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively looked for work within the past four weeks
--International Labour OrganizationHi, I am here
for a job…
Unemployment is more in…
Educated population in overall unemployed population
Agriculture Sector than other sectors
Men than Women
Urban areas than Rural areas
Classification of Unemployment…
Unemployment
Involuntary
Cyclical
Disguised
Structural
Seasonal
Frictional
Voluntary
•A person is out of job because of his ow
n desire to not to w
ork on the prevalent or prescribed w
ages.Voluntary •
A person is separated from
remunerative w
ork and devoid of w
ages although he is capable of earning his w
ages and is also anxious to earn them
.
Involuntary
• Part of the capitalistic system and a part of trade cycle.• There is a greater unemployment and when there is a
depression a large number of people are rendered unemployed.
Cyclical Unemployment
• Certain industries and traders engage workers for a particular season.
• When the season ends workers are rendered unemployed. e.g. Sugar Industry
Seasonal Unemployment
• The time period between jobs when a worker is searching for, or transitioning from one job to another.
Frictional Unemployment
• When labour market in unable to provide jobs for everyone.
• Reasons:- population overgrowth and mismatch between expectation of employers and skills of unemployed
Structural
• When more people are engaged in work than actually required e.g. agriculture sector
Disguised
Reasons…
Labour force growth rate 2.5 % annually
Employment Growth rate 2.3 % annually
..
..
Reasons …
-Uns
kille
d W
orkf
orce
-Ove
r 70%
of t
otal
w
orkf
orce
is to
tally
ill
itera
te o
r edu
cate
d be
low
prim
ary
leve
l
-Ris
e of
org
anize
d se
ctor
-Tec
hnol
ogy
-Red
Tap
ism
-V
olun
tary
retir
emen
t ho
lder
s w
ho sti
ll w
ant
to w
ork -L
ack
of
com
plem
enta
ry
fact
ors
of p
rodu
ction
i.e
. Lan
d, C
apita
l and
en
trep
rene
ursh
ip
Employment & unemployment scenario in India
Category 1993-1994 1999-2000 2004-2005Total labour Force 382.0 406.0 469.9Total Employment 374.0 397.0 459.1Open unemployment 7.5 9.0 10.8
Unemployment rate as percentage of Total labour Force
1.9 2.2 2.3
Employment in organized sector
28.0 28.0 26.5
Employment in unorganized sector
346.0 369.0 432.6
Jobs created per annum
- 4.6 12.4
Working Poor - 122.0 130.0
Unemployment rate in India is 9.4% …(2011)
Government initiatives
Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme(PMEGP)
Swarnjayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojna (SJSRY)
Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna (SGSY)
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gurantee Act (MGNREGA)
Actions that can be taken …
• Increase access to credit to encourage entrepreneurship
• Provide incentives for new initiatives
• Strengthen or enforce legislation
• Publicize opportunities in the media
Suggestions….
Family planning programmer and development plans should be reformed.
Provide skill training to the new entrants to the labour force