The problem of unemployement (english text)
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Causes and solutions ...
YOUNG STUDENTS IN EUROPE Partners: Istituto Marco Belli di Portogruaro (Italia) -
Instituto de Enseñanza Secudaria Xesús Taboada Chivite di
Verín (Spagna) - VUC di Lyngby, Copenhagen (Danimarca)
Liceo “Marco Belli” di
Portogruaro
Anno scolastico 2012/2013
condition of a lack of work for a person at a working age (16 to 60 years old)
workers looking for employment who cannot find it immediately
due to the falling of production of industries during the year
arises from the imbalance between the type of required work and the people looking for employment
determined by a general lack of work, caused by a drop in demand for goods
The latest ISTAT data on unemployment in Italy:
= increase of the
unemployment rate;
unemployment (15-24 years
old) very high
fell by 80
thousand units (about 0.4% less).
The decrease concerns both male and female
citizens.
• This context includes all the young people who do not
have an occupation. The ESF (European Social Fund) is
responsible for:
young people who have not finished their education
(drop-out)
students of secondary school
young people with qualifications, academics and
graduates
apprentices and people employed under contract job
training
• 2003 data: average unemployment rate in the European
Union, in the age group between 15 and 24 years it was
18%.
• In Italy more than one in four young people are
unemployed (26.8%)
great disparity between the sexes. In 2004,
for example, 13.6 million working men against nearly 9
million women.
less female workers in the industry, yet
increase in the service sector, in high positions, but also
in part-time and fixed-term jobs.
• The ESF finances interventions specifically
targeting women and particularly those:
who are in possession of a diploma hardly
expendable
who want to enter in sectors where they
are under-represented
who want to reintegrate into the labor
market after a period of prolonged
absence
It is one of the four Structural Funds of the European Union
aimed at promoting the harmonious development of the
community and a progressive reduction of disparities
between the citizens and the regions of the Union.
The ESF is the EU's financial instrument designed to support
the European Employment Strategy to prevent and combat
unemployment and to invest in human resources, promoting
a high level of employment and social integration, equality
between men and women and the economic and social
cohesion.
The main objective of the ESF is, therefore, the fight against
unemployment: The ESF aims to train a workforce more
competent and prepared to face the new challenges of the
market and prevent long-term unemployment.
4 characteristics of unemployment (empirical data):
The unemployment rate is not uniform but varies greatly
depending on age, race and level of experience of the
group of individuals considered
In the labor market there is a significant turnover, i.e.
the inflows and outflows are consistent with respect to
the absolute number of employed and unemployed
The turnover is largely tied to the phases of the
business cycle: in fact, layoffs increase during periods of
recession, while the intakes increase during periods of
expansion
The people who lose their jobs largely remain
unemployed for only a short period.
Inflows Outflows
- voluntary
resignation
- redundancies
- layoffs
- entry into the
world of work
- recruitment
- end redundant
- end the job
search (exit from
the labor force)
: population aged 15 and over;
: number of people who claim to be occupied;
: unemployed are those who do not have a job
and who: a) have actively sought work in the last four
weeks b) are waiting to resume service after being
temporarily suspended by reason of redundancy;
: people of working
age, but not belonging to the labor force (they are not
considered unemployed). Among them include, for
example, pensioners, housewives and so-called
"discouraged workers", that is, individuals who have long
since ceased to look for a job.
rate due to normal friction that characterizes
the labor market and which can also be when
it is in equilibrium
Depends from
DURATION OF
UNEMPLOYMENT
FREQUENCY OF
UNEMPLOYMENT
consecutive time
interval during which a person is out of work
is defined as the
average time in which each person remains
unemployed.
Considering the duration of unemployment you can tell if it is a
normal condition in the short term or whether the long-term
unemployment is a widespread problem
Factors
affecting
duration
- The organization of the labor market
- the demographic composition of the
workforce
- the ability and willingness of the
unemployed to continue to look for a
better job (due to unemployment)
how many times on average, in a given period of time,
workers remain unemployed
Factors that
affect the
frequency
- the variability of the demand
for labor by the various
companies operating within the
economic system, the greater
the variability of the demand
for labor by the various
companies, the higher the
unemployment rate
- the growth rate of the labor
force: it is more rapid, the
higher the natural rate of
unemployment
Just like people " ",
so they " "
Loss of freedom and social exclusion