Understanding the Role of Fertilizer and Water
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Transcript of Understanding the Role of Fertilizer and Water
Understanding the Role of Understanding the Role of Fertilizer and WaterFertilizer and Water
Understanding the Role of Understanding the Role of Fertilizer and WaterFertilizer and Water
David Wm. ReedDavid Wm. ReedDepartment of Horticultural SciencesDepartment of Horticultural Sciences
Texas A&M UniversityTexas A&M University
17 Essential Elements17 Essential Elements
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Supplied Naturally (by HSupplied Naturally (by H220, O0, O22, CO, CO22))
C, H, OC, H, O
MacronutrientsMacronutrientsN, P, K, Ca, Mg, SN, P, K, Ca, Mg, S
Micronutrients or Trace ElementsMicronutrients or Trace ElementsFe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B, Mo, Cl, NiFe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B, Mo, Cl, Ni
Where Do All the Nutrients Come From?Where Do All the Nutrients Come From? NN PP KK CaCa MgMg SS FeFe BB Other MicroOther Micro
Incorporated into Soil or Growing Medium - Pre-PlantingIncorporated into Soil or Growing Medium - Pre-Planting
complete fertilizercomplete fertilizer XX XX XX ??
superphosphatesuperphosphate XX XX XX
dolomitic limedolomitic lime XX XX
gypsumgypsum XX XX
iron sulfateiron sulfate XX XX
micronutrient mixmicronutrient mix XX XX allall
Supplied Post-Planting as Granular, Liquid or Slow-Release ApplicationSupplied Post-Planting as Granular, Liquid or Slow-Release Application
complete fertilizercomplete fertilizer XX XX XX ??
Epsom saltEpsom salt XX XX
soluble micronutr.soluble micronutr. XX XX allall
some pesticidessome pesticides XX Cu,Mn,ZnCu,Mn,Zn
irrigation water ppmirrigation water ppm >3-5>3-5 >1>1 0.3-1.50.3-1.5
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Water: Water: Soluble Salts (EC), pH & AlkalinitySoluble Salts (EC), pH & Alkalinity
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Collect water sampleCollect water sampleMeters UsedMeters Used
•pH: pH: pH meterpH meter•Soluble Salts or EC: Soluble Salts or EC: conductivity meterconductivity meter•Alkalinity: Alkalinity: alkalinity test kit or paperalkalinity test kit or paper
Compare reading to Interpretation TableCompare reading to Interpretation Table
Meters UsedMeters Used2
ECECpHpH
alkalinity kitalkalinity kit
Meters UsedMeters Used2
CombinationCombinationEC & pHEC & pH
MeterMeter
WaterWater Soluble Salts or Soluble Salts or
Electrical Conductivity (EC)Electrical Conductivity (EC)
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Relative Hazard
None Little Moderate High Severe
Electrical Conductivity
dS/m or mmhos/cm
0.2 <0.7 0.7-2 2-3 >3
Soluble Saltsppm
140 <490 490 - 1400 1400 - 2100 >2100
WaterWater AlkalinityAlkalinity
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Recommended Alkalinity LevelsMinimum Maximum
ppm meq/l ppm meq/l
Plugs and/or seedlings 38 0.75 66 1.3
Small pots and shallow flats 38 0.75 86 1.7
4" to 5" pots and deep flats 38 0.75 106 2.1
6” pots and long term crops 63 1.25 131 2.6
Soil/MediaSoil/Media Soluble Salts (EC) & pHSoluble Salts (EC) & pH
5 & 6
Collect soil/medium sample below surfaceCollect soil/medium sample below surfaceExtract with water (1:2 dilution)Extract with water (1:2 dilution)FilterFilterMeters UsedMeters Used
•pH: pH: pH meterpH meter•Soluble Salts or EC: Soluble Salts or EC: conductivity meterconductivity meter
Compare reading to Interpretation TableCompare reading to Interpretation Table
Soil/MediaSoil/Media pH pH
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SME 1:2 or 1:5 Dilution
Extract Slurry Extract Slurry Pour-Through
Optimum pH 5.5 - 6.55.4 - 6.2
5.5 - 6.5 5.4 - 6.2 5.5 - 6.5
Soil/MediaSoil/MediaSoluble Salts (EC)Soluble Salts (EC)
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Electrical Conductivity (EC) dS/m or mmho/cm
SME 1:2 Dilution 1:5 Dilution Pour-Through
Established plants 2.0-3.0 0.8-1.2 0.3-0.6 3.0-5.0
Seedlings, plugs 1.0-2.0 0.5-0.9 ? ?
Graphical Tracking pH and ECGraphical Tracking pH and EC
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0
1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Weeks after Planting
EC
(d
S/c
m)
Graphical Tracking of ECGraphical Tracking of EC
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Selecting a Fertilizer Based on the Selecting a Fertilizer Based on the Form of NitrogenForm of Nitrogen
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Nitrogen exists in two formsNitrogen exists in two formsAmmoniacal (NHAmmoniacal (NH44
++, urea), urea)Nitrate (NONitrate (NO33
--))
Nitrogen form used affectsNitrogen form used affectsType of growthType of growthType fertilizer, acid vs. basicType fertilizer, acid vs. basicpH of the soil or growing mediumpH of the soil or growing medium
Selecting a Fertilizer Based on the Selecting a Fertilizer Based on the Form of NitrogenForm of Nitrogen
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Form of Nitrogen Influences Type Growth and is SeasonalForm of Nitrogen Influences Type Growth and is Seasonal
Nitrogen FormNitrogen Form Type GrowthType Growth Used ForUsed For
High AmmoniacalHigh Ammoniacal
(>25%)(>25%)
•lush growthlush growth•larger leaveslarger leaves•longer stemslonger stems
•foliage plantsfoliage plants•flowering plants earlyflowering plants early•warmer & summerwarmer & summer
High NitrateHigh Nitrate
(>75%)(>75%)
•hardy planthardy plant•compact growthcompact growth
•flowering plants flowering plants finishingfinishing•cooler & wintercooler & winter
Selecting a Fertilizer Based on the Selecting a Fertilizer Based on the Form of NitrogenForm of Nitrogen
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Form of Nitrogen Influences Soil/Medium pHForm of Nitrogen Influences Soil/Medium pH
Nitrogen FormNitrogen Form Type FertilizerType Fertilizer Soil/Medium ReactionSoil/Medium Reaction
High AmmoniacalHigh Ammoniacal
(>25%)(>25%)acidacid
pH decreases &pH decreases &
becomes more acidbecomes more acid
High NitrateHigh Nitrate
(>75%)(>75%)basicbasic
pH increases &pH increases &
becomes more basicbecomes more basic
Selecting a Fertilizer Based on the Form of NitrogenSelecting a Fertilizer Based on the Form of Nitrogen10
Acid versus Basic FertilizersAcid versus Basic FertilizersFertilizerFertilizer % NH4% NH4 / / % NO3% NO3 PotentialPotential
AcidityAcidityPotentialPotentialBasicityBasicity
21-7-7 acid21-7-7 acid 100100 / 0 / 0 15601560 0 0
20-18-1820-18-18 7373 / 27 / 27 710710 0 0
15-15-1515-15-15 5252 / 48 / 48 261261 0 0
20-10-2020-10-20 3838 / 48 / 48 393393 0 0
20-0-2020-0-20 2525 / 75 / 75 4040 00
15-5-15 15-5-15 28 / 28 / 7272 00 135135
15-0-1515-0-15 13 / 13 / 8787 0 0 319319
15.5-0-0 Ca nitrate15.5-0-0 Ca nitrate 6 / 6 / 9494 0 0 400400
13-0-44 K nitrate13-0-44 K nitrate 0 / 0 / 100100 0 0 460460
Fertilizer Label Lists Potential AcidityFertilizer Label Lists Potential Acidity10
Label Fertilizer Analysis
Fertilizer Label Lists Potential AcidityFertilizer Label Lists Potential Acidity
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Micronutrients in Acid Vs. Alkaline SoilMicronutrients in Acid Vs. Alkaline Soil(especially heavy metals: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu)(especially heavy metals: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu)
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Selection of Heavy Metal Carriers based on Soil pHSelection of Heavy Metal Carriers based on Soil pH
Iron CarrierIron Carrier Acid SoilAcid Soil Alkaline SoilAlkaline Soil
SulfatesSulfates effectiveeffective not very effectivenot very effective
ChelatesChelateseffective, but effective, but
expensive so why use.expensive so why use.most effectivemost effective
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Which Chelate to Use?Which Chelate to Use?Which Chelate to Use?Which Chelate to Use?1111
Which Chelate to Use?Which Chelate to Use?
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Highest pH Still EffectiveHighest pH Still Effective ChelateChelate
66lignosulfonate, citrate, lignosulfonate, citrate,
HEDTAHEDTA
6.56.5EDTAEDTA
7.57.5 DTPA (330)DTPA (330)
any pHany pHEDDHA (138)EDDHA (138)
Fertilizer Label - Micronutrient CarriersFertilizer Label - Micronutrient Carriers1111
Rose Rootstocks Tolerance to AlkalineRose Rootstocks Tolerance to Alkaline SoilSoil12
Rose species/cultivarRose species/cultivar Chlorosis RatingChlorosis Rating(5=green to 1=yellow)(5=green to 1=yellow)
R. caninaR. canina 5.05.0
R. manettiiR. manettii 4.94.9
R. odorataR. odorata 4.84.8
R. sp. “R. sp. “Mexican”Mexican” 4.84.8
R. fortunianaR. fortuniana 4.44.4
R. multiflora R. multiflora 'Dan Whiteside''Dan Whiteside' 2.72.7
R. multifloraR. multiflora ‘Brooks 56' ‘Brooks 56' 2.72.7
R. multifloraR. multiflora 74-3 74-3 dieddied
R. R. 'Dr Huey''Dr Huey' dieddied
Rose Rootstocks Tolerance to AlkalineRose Rootstocks Tolerance to Alkaline SoilSoil
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EarthKindEarthKindTMTM Landscape Roses Landscape Roses(http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/earthkindrose/index.html)(http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/earthkindrose/index.html)
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EarthKindEarthKindTMTM Landscape Roses Landscape Roses13
CultivarCultivar Flower ColorFlower Color Flower TypeFlower Type Blooming PeriodBlooming Period Ht x Wd (feet)Ht x Wd (feet) CategoryCategory
Ground CoversGround Covers
Sea FoamSea Foam creamy whitecreamy white doubledouble April-NovemberApril-November 2 x 62 x 6 shrubshrub
Dwarf ShrubsDwarf Shrubs
Marie DalyMarie Daly PinkPink semi-doublesemi-double April-NovemberApril-November 3 x 33 x 3 polyanthapolyantha
The FairyThe Fairy light pinklight pink doubledouble April-NovemberApril-November 3 x 43 x 4 polyanthapolyantha
Small ShrubsSmall Shrubs
Caldwell PinkCaldwell Pink lilac pinklilac pink doubledouble May- NovemberMay- November 4 x 44 x 4 foundfound
Easy GoingEasy Going yellowyellow doubledouble April-NovemberApril-November 4 x 44 x 4 floribundafloribunda
Knock OutKnock Out cherry redcherry red semi-doublesemi-double April-NovemberApril-November 4 x 44 x 4 shrubshrub
Livin' EasyLivin' Easy apricot-orangeapricot-orange doubledouble April-NovemberApril-November 4 x 44 x 4 floribundafloribunda
Perli d'OrPerli d'Or peachpeach pomponpompon April-NovemberApril-November 4 x 44 x 4 polyanthapolyantha
Medium ShrubsMedium Shrubs
Belinda's DreamBelinda's Dream PinkPink doubledouble April-NovemberApril-November 5 x 55 x 5 shrubshrub
Climbing PinkieClimbing Pinkie pinkpink semi-doublesemi-double April-NovemberApril-November 5 x 75 x 7 polyanthapolyantha
Else PoulsenElse Poulsen pinkpink semi-doublesemi-double April-NovemberApril-November 5 x 55 x 5 floribundafloribunda
Katy Road PinkKaty Road Pink pinkpink semi-doublesemi-double April-NovemberApril-November 5 x 45 x 4 foundfound
Mutabilis Butterfly RoseMutabilis Butterfly Rose yellow, pink, yellow, pink, crimsoncrimson
singlesingle April-NovemberApril-November 6 x 66 x 6 ChinaChina
Belinda’s DreamBelinda’s Dream(developed by Dr. Robert Basye)(developed by Dr. Robert Basye)
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