Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

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Transcript of Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

Page 1: Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

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Understanding Sunspots

Page 2: Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

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What is a Sunspot?

Page 3: Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

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The Sun’s Visible Surface

The Lower Atmosphere

Page 4: Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

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The Sun in Hydrogen-

The Upper Atmosphere

Page 5: Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

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A Typical Sunspot in

“White Light”

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Sunspot Detail

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Sunspot Model

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Objects that are hotter are brighter. Which bulb is hotter? Whichis hotter, the sun’s surface or a sunspot? How do you know?

Page 8: Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

So, sunspots are way cool!

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But, what causes sunspots?

Page 9: Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

Like planet Earth, our Sun has a

strong magnetic field

Page 10: Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

Magnetic Winding

The sun rotates faster at its equator than at its poles. The sun’sstrong magnetic field gets wound up causing part of the fields to rupture the surface where they cause sunspots.

Page 11: Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

Magnetic fields make cool zones.

Fast-moving charged particles are deflected by magnetic fields.The magnetic fields of sunspots deflect hotter gases allowingonly cooler gases that experience less of this deflective force.

Page 12: Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

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The 11-Year Sunspot Cycle

Page 13: Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

Butterfly Diagram

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Associated with sunspots are flares…

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prominences, and…

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coronal mass ejections!!!

These causethe aurorasthat we seeon Earth.

Page 17: Understanding Sunspots. What is a Sunspot? The Sun’s Visible Surface The Lower Atmosphere.

Why do we have sunspots?

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Why do we have a sunspot cycle?

What does magnetism have to do withSunspots?


1 The Effect of Weighting in Counting Sunspots Leif Svalgaard HEPL, Stanford University SSN-Workshop, Sunspot, NM, Sept. 2011.

1 The Effect of Weighting in Counting Sunspots Leif Svalgaard HEPL, Stanford University SSN-Workshop, Sunspot, NM, Sept. 2011.

Statistical Modeling of Sunspot Cycles · Statistical Modeling of Sunspot Cycles Yaming Yu Department of Statistics, Harvard University sunspot numbers April 19, 2005. Sunspots What

Statistical Modeling of Sunspot Cycles · Statistical Modeling of Sunspot Cycles Yaming Yu Department of Statistics, Harvard University sunspot numbers April 19, 2005. Sunspots What

History of the Sunspot Index: 25 years SIDC · 2. Early history of the sunspot index and the Zürich Era Sunspots have been observed occasionally by the naked eye since ancient times

History of the Sunspot Index: 25 years SIDC · 2. Early history of the sunspot index and the Zürich Era Sunspots have been observed occasionally by the naked eye since ancient times

8R MIDTERM REVIEW I. ASTRONOMY 1.Most stars are made mostly of Helium and hydrogen 2. The dark, cooler areas on the sun’s surface are sunspots 3. When.

8R MIDTERM REVIEW I. ASTRONOMY 1.Most stars are made mostly of Helium and hydrogen 2. The dark, cooler areas on the sun’s surface are sunspots 3. When.

Tracking Sunspots - PolarTREC

Tracking Sunspots - PolarTREC

Learning Sunspot Classification - GLORIA · 2013. 10. 21. · 2 T. Nguyen et al./Learning Sunspot Classification 1. Introduction Sunspots have been the subject of interest to astronomers

Learning Sunspot Classification - GLORIA · 2013. 10. 21. · 2 T. Nguyen et al./Learning Sunspot Classification 1. Introduction Sunspots have been the subject of interest to astronomers

The Solar Surface Luminosity Luminosity Sunspots Sunspots Sunspot Cycle Sunspot Cycle Solar Prominences Solar Prominences Differential Rotation Differential.

The Solar Surface Luminosity Luminosity Sunspots Sunspots Sunspot Cycle Sunspot Cycle Solar Prominences Solar Prominences Differential Rotation Differential.

Number of Sunspots

Number of Sunspots

Terminology and History Sunspot Structure 3 Sunspot Evolutionhome.strw.leidenuniv.nl/~keller/Teaching/Solar... · 3 Sunspot Evolution. Overview Sunspot Terminology DOT Blue Continuum

Terminology and History Sunspot Structure 3 Sunspot Evolutionhome.strw.leidenuniv.nl/~keller/Teaching/Solar... · 3 Sunspot Evolution. Overview Sunspot Terminology DOT Blue Continuum

Appendix A Hinode Image Gallery - link.springer.com978-981-10-7742-5/1.pdf · 266 A Hinode Image Gallery A.2 Sunspots Fig. A.4 “Japan” sunspot, which was the main sunspot in active

Appendix A Hinode Image Gallery - link.springer.com978-981-10-7742-5/1.pdf · 266 A Hinode Image Gallery A.2 Sunspots Fig. A.4 “Japan” sunspot, which was the main sunspot in active

Know about the Sun’s Energy Know about the Sun’s Core, Atmosphere, and Sunspots Comprehend the Solar System’s Structure The Sun and It’s Domain.

Know about the Sun’s Energy Know about the Sun’s Core, Atmosphere, and Sunspots Comprehend the Solar System’s Structure The Sun and It’s Domain.

Effect of the Sunspot Cycle on amateur radio...Numbers of sunspots typically affect ham radio operation of HF (high frequency) between 20 meters and 10 meters, and sometimes 6 meters,

Effect of the Sunspot Cycle on amateur radio...Numbers of sunspots typically affect ham radio operation of HF (high frequency) between 20 meters and 10 meters, and sometimes 6 meters,

Claiming it could no longer abide the Obama administration ... Web viewThe solar wind is a paltry 355 km/sec and there are 7 sunspots on the sun today. New sunspot 2104 is enormous

Claiming it could no longer abide the Obama administration ... Web viewThe solar wind is a paltry 355 km/sec and there are 7 sunspots on the sun today. New sunspot 2104 is enormous

Understanding Sunspots

Understanding Sunspots

Activity 11: Sunspots - Museums Victoria · PDF fileActivity 11: Sunspots Background information Sunspots are dark patches that appear on the Sun’s ... 4 Research the different stages

Activity 11: Sunspots - Museums Victoria · PDF fileActivity 11: Sunspots Background information Sunspots are dark patches that appear on the Sun’s ... 4 Research the different stages

The Sun’s Magnetic Carpet · Solar Magnetic Fields • Solar surface covered in magnetic features: • Large-scale: Sunspot & active-regions (max flux > 10 23 Mx): – Global (slow)

The Sun’s Magnetic Carpet · Solar Magnetic Fields • Solar surface covered in magnetic features: • Large-scale: Sunspot & active-regions (max flux > 10 23 Mx): – Global (slow)

Sunspot Observation

Sunspot Observation

Boston Fed - Sunspots

Boston Fed - Sunspots

Sunspots, Unemployment, and Recessecess o s,ions, or Can the Solar Activity Cycle ... · 2015. 2. 14. · The “sunspot number” is call dbfi i h b f dh h b flculated by first counting

Sunspots, Unemployment, and Recessecess o s,ions, or Can the Solar Activity Cycle ... · 2015. 2. 14. · The “sunspot number” is call dbfi i h b f dh h b flculated by first counting

LONG-PERIOD CYCLES OF THE SUN’S ACTIVITY RECORDED …ruby.fgcu.edu/courses/twimberley/EnviroPhilo/LongPeriod.pdfcycle was found both for Zürich sunspot data (59 and 88 year) and

LONG-PERIOD CYCLES OF THE SUN’S ACTIVITY RECORDED …ruby.fgcu.edu/courses/twimberley/EnviroPhilo/LongPeriod.pdfcycle was found both for Zürich sunspot data (59 and 88 year) and