Understanding Soils and Boring Reports
Transcript of Understanding Soils and Boring Reports
![Page 1: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Understanding Soils and Understanding Soils and Boring ReportsBoring ReportsBoring ReportsBoring Reports
Dr. Norman HummelDr. Norman HummelHummel & Co. Inc.Hummel & Co. Inc.Hummel & Co. Inc.Hummel & Co. Inc.
(www.turfdoctor.com)(www.turfdoctor.com)
![Page 2: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
GoalsGoalsGoals:Goals:
Participants will have a better Participants will have a better understanding of soil boring reports, soil understanding of soil boring reports, soil g g p ,g g p ,testing and soil test reports.testing and soil test reports.Participants will be able to readParticipants will be able to readParticipants will be able to read, Participants will be able to read, understand, and use soil test reports.understand, and use soil test reports.
![Page 3: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
When is E plo ato Wo k UsedWhen is E plo ato Wo k UsedWhen is Exploratory Work UsedWhen is Exploratory Work Used
New ConstructionNew ConstructionEvaluate soils,Evaluate soils, subsoilssubsoils, other elements in the, other elements in theEvaluate soils, Evaluate soils, subsoilssubsoils, other elements in the , other elements in the soil profile prior to constructionsoil profile prior to constructionMay provide direction for design and May provide direction for design and y p gy p gconstruction.construction.
Existing FieldsExisting Fieldsst g e dsst g e dsDiagnose soil problems in existing fieldsDiagnose soil problems in existing fields
![Page 6: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Info mation So ghtInfo mation So ghtInformation SoughtInformation Sought
Impenetrable layersImpenetrable layersBedrock?Bedrock?Bedrock?Bedrock?
Depth to ground waterDepth to ground waterWill subsurface drain system be needed?Will subsurface drain system be needed?Will subsurface drain system be needed?Will subsurface drain system be needed?
Soil types presentSoil types presentC i b d difi d ll i d?C i b d difi d ll i d?Can it be reused, modified, or all imported?Can it be reused, modified, or all imported?
Permeability to waterPermeability to water
![Page 7: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sampling Methods Sampling Methods --p gp gPreconstructionPreconstruction
Soil AugersSoil AugersHammers withHammers withHammers with Hammers with sample tubessample tubesExcavationExcavationExcavation Excavation equipmentequipment
![Page 8: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sampling Methods Sampling Methods –– Existing Existing ldldFieldsFields
![Page 9: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SoilSoilSoilSoil
The unconsolidated mineral or The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediateorganic material on the immediateorganic material on the immediate organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growtha natural medium for the growtha natural medium for the growth a natural medium for the growth of land plants.of land plants.
![Page 16: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SOILSOIL
-- Has been subjected to and Has been subjected to and shows the effects of genetic andshows the effects of genetic andshows the effects of genetic and shows the effects of genetic and environmental factors of climate environmental factors of climate (water and temperature) and(water and temperature) and(water and temperature) and (water and temperature) and micro and macroorganisms, micro and macroorganisms, conditioned by relief, acting on conditioned by relief, acting on y , gy , gparent material over a period of parent material over a period of time.time.
![Page 17: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
P ope ties of SoilsP ope ties of SoilsProperties of SoilsProperties of Soils
ChemicalBiological
Physical
![Page 19: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Soil Ph sical P ope tiesSoil Ph sical P ope tiesSoil Physical PropertiesSoil Physical Properties
TextureTextureStructureStructureDensityDensity
Influence on porosity (total, micro, macro)Influence on porosity (total, micro, macro)Influence on porosity (total, micro, macro)Influence on porosity (total, micro, macro)Soil waterSoil water
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (infiltration)Saturated hydraulic conductivity (infiltration)Saturated hydraulic conductivity (infiltration)Saturated hydraulic conductivity (infiltration)Unsaturated hydraulic conductivityUnsaturated hydraulic conductivityWater content, water retention characteristicsWater content, water retention characteristicsWater content, water retention characteristicsWater content, water retention characteristics
![Page 20: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Soil Te t eSoil Te t eSoil TextureSoil Texture
Division of soil particles according to size: Division of soil particles according to size: sand, silt, clay.sand, silt, clay.Textural classes determined by percentage Textural classes determined by percentage of each.of each.Influences physical properties of the soil: Influences physical properties of the soil: porosity, pore space distribution, porosity, pore space distribution, compressibility, and drainage compressibility, and drainage characteristics. characteristics.
![Page 21: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Soil Classification S stemsSoil Classification S stemsSoil Classification SystemsSoil Classification Systems
Unified Soil Classification SystemUnified Soil Classification SystemASTM D2487, test basedASTM D2487, test basedASTM D2487, test basedASTM D2487, test basedTextural analysis, plasticity indexTextural analysis, plasticity index
Visual/Manual Description of SoilsVisual/Manual Description of SoilsVisual/Manual Description of SoilsVisual/Manual Description of SoilsASTM D2488, visual basedASTM D2488, visual based
U d i il f i iU d i il f i iUsed primarily for engineering purposesUsed primarily for engineering purposesVery comprehensive, definitiveVery comprehensive, definitive
![Page 26: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
LL LL –– liquid limitliquid limitCL CL –– Sandy lean claySandy lean clayML ML -- gravelly silt with sand gravelly silt with sand
d bbld bbland cobblesand cobbles
![Page 27: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Sie esSie es AASTOAASTOSieves Sieves –– AASTO AASTO
Sieve Number Sieve Size
#4 4.75 mm Coarser is gravel
#8 2 28 mm#8 2.28 mm
#16 1.19 mm
#30 0.6 mm
#50 0.3 mm
#100 0.15 mm
#200 0.075 mm Separates sand from silt pand clay
![Page 29: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Soil Classification Systems Soil Classification Systems --yyUSDAUSDA
12 soil textural classes12 soil textural classesUsed primarily in description of plantingUsed primarily in description of plantingUsed primarily in description of planting Used primarily in description of planting soils.soils.
![Page 30: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Sie esSie es USDAUSDASieves Sieves –– USDA USDA
Sieve Number Sieve Size
#10 2 mm Coarser is gravel
#18 1 mm#18 1 mm
#35 0.5 mm
#60 0.25 mm
#140 0.1 mm
#270 0.05 mm Separates sand from silt and clay
![Page 32: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Can we amend soils to Can we amend soils to change soil texture?change soil texture?change soil texture?change soil texture?
Yes!Yes!
![Page 35: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Considerations in Amending Soils Considerations in Amending Soils ggwith Sandwith Sand
Sand particle size distributionSand particle size distributionAmount of sand to addAmount of sand to addAmount of sand to addAmount of sand to addComposition of sand (calcareous vs. silica)Composition of sand (calcareous vs. silica)S d ti l hS d ti l hSand particle shapeSand particle shape
![Page 36: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Recommendations Recommendations –– Based on Based on Ohio State ResearchOhio State Research
ASTM CASTM C--33 concrete sand with Cu 33 concrete sand with Cu << 4 and 4 and fineness modulus of 2.5 to 3.2.fineness modulus of 2.5 to 3.2.Sand content of about Sand content of about 65 65 –– 75%75%Organic matter content ofOrganic matter content of 44 8% by8% byOrganic matter content of Organic matter content of 4 4 –– 8% by 8% by weight.weight.
![Page 39: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
ASTM CASTM C 33 Conc ete Sand33 Conc ete SandASTM CASTM C--33 Concrete Sand33 Concrete Sand
Sand SizeSand Size % Passing% Passing
4.75 mm (No. 4)4.75 mm (No. 4) 9595 –– 100%100%4.75 mm (No. 4)4.75 mm (No. 4) 95 95 100%100%
2.36 mm (No. 8)2.36 mm (No. 8) 80 80 –– 100%100%
1 18 (N 16)1 18 (N 16) 5050 85%85%1.18 mm (No. 16)1.18 mm (No. 16) 50 50 –– 85%85%
0.60 mm (No. 30)0.60 mm (No. 30) 25 25 –– 30%30%
0.30 mm (No. 50)0.30 mm (No. 50) 5 5 –– 30%30%
0.15 mm (No. 100)0.15 mm (No. 100) 00 –– 10%10%0.15 mm (No. 100)0.15 mm (No. 100) 0 0 10%10%
![Page 40: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Soil B lk DensitSoil B lk DensitSoil Bulk DensitySoil Bulk Density
Unit weight of dry soil (g/cc, Unit weight of dry soil (g/cc, pcfpcf))Influenced by soil textureInfluenced by soil texture –– sandy soilssandy soilsInfluenced by soil texture Influenced by soil texture sandy soils sandy soils higher than fine textured soils.higher than fine textured soils.Decreases with increasing organic matterDecreases with increasing organic matterDecreases with increasing organic matter.Decreases with increasing organic matter.Directly related to porosity. Directly Directly related to porosity. Directly ff t d iff t d iaffects drainage.affects drainage.
Reported in lb/cu ft or g/cc. Reported in lb/cu ft or g/cc. Conversion (g/cc x 62.4 = lb./cu. ft.)Conversion (g/cc x 62.4 = lb./cu. ft.)
![Page 43: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Soil B lk DensitiesSoil B lk DensitiesSoil Bulk DensitiesSoil Bulk Densities
Sandy soils Sandy soils –– 1.4 to 1.7 g/cc1.4 to 1.7 g/ccFine textured soilsFine textured soils –– 1 2 to 1 6 g/cc1 2 to 1 6 g/ccFine textured soils Fine textured soils 1.2 to 1.6 g/cc1.2 to 1.6 g/ccAlso heavily influenced by organic contentAlso heavily influenced by organic contentS h t i d ( t d)?S h t i d ( t d)?So what is dense (compacted)?So what is dense (compacted)?
![Page 44: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
P octo TestingP octo TestingProctor TestingProctor Testing
![Page 45: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Moisture Density of gravelly sandy loam soil (5.8% OM)Moisture Density of gravelly sandy loam soil (5.8% OM)
96
95
95.5
/cu
ft)
94
94.5
sity
(lb
93
93.5
94
Den
s
930% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Soil moisture content (%)Soil moisture content (%)
![Page 46: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Moisture Density Relationship of Sand Based Structural Soil (Lab ID No. 16603 1)16603-1)
107.5
106.5
107
u. ft
.)
105 5
106
106.5
ity (l
b/cu
105
105.5
Den
s
104.50% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
Soil Water Content (%)Soil Water Content (%)
![Page 47: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Othe Test Pa amete sOthe Test Pa amete sOther Test ParametersOther Test Parameters
Saturated Hydraulic ConductivitySaturated Hydraulic ConductivityPorosityPorosityPorosityPorosity
Air filledAir filledWater filledWater filledWater filledWater filled
DensityDensity
![Page 50: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity y yy y(Infiltration rate) (Infiltration rate) –– rate at which soil rate at which soil
core conducts water.core conducts water.
![Page 51: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
PorosityPorosity –– voids existing between sand andvoids existing between sand andPorosity Porosity voids existing between sand and voids existing between sand and soil particles, or within soil aggregates.soil particles, or within soil aggregates.
Macroporosity (aeration) Macroporosity (aeration) –– larger pores larger pores p y ( )p y ( ) g pg pthat conduct water under saturated that conduct water under saturated conditions, filled with air when evacuated.conditions, filled with air when evacuated.,,Microporosity (capillary) Microporosity (capillary) –– smaller pores smaller pores that hold water against gravitationalthat hold water against gravitationalthat hold water against gravitational that hold water against gravitational forces.forces.
![Page 57: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
O ganic MatteO ganic MatteOrganic MatterOrganic Matter
Increases soil cation exchange capacityIncreases soil cation exchange capacityIncreases microbial populations and Increases microbial populations and p pp pactivityactivityImproves soil physical conditionsImproves soil physical conditionsp p yp p y
Lower density, increased porosityLower density, increased porosityImproved structureImproved structureppIncreased infiltrationIncreased infiltrationIncreased water holding capacityIncreased water holding capacity
![Page 64: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
C t Q lit f A di S ilC t Q lit f A di S ilCompost Quality for Amending SoilsCompost Quality for Amending Soils
Color Color –– brown to blackbrown to blackScreened to ½ inchScreened to ½ inchScreened to ½ inchScreened to ½ inchOrganic matter content > 30%Organic matter content > 30%M i t t t 30M i t t t 30 60%60%Moisture content 30 Moisture content 30 –– 60%60%C/N ratio 15:1 to 30:1C/N ratio 15:1 to 30:1
![Page 66: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
C t Q lit f A di S ilC t Q lit f A di S ilCompost Quality for Amending SoilsCompost Quality for Amending Soils
Solvita Maturity Index 5 to 8Solvita Maturity Index 5 to 8pH of 6 to 8pH of 6 to 8pH of 6 to 8pH of 6 to 8Meet EPA or state guidelinesMeet EPA or state guidelinesEC f 4 0 dSEC f 4 0 dSEC of < 4.0 dSEC of < 4.0 dS
![Page 67: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Chemical TestingChemical TestingChemical TestingChemical Testing
Sample soil to be used as Sample soil to be used as topsoil (ontopsoil (on--site, stockpile)site, stockpile)p (p ( , p ), p )Use lab you are familiar Use lab you are familiar with.with.U l b h idU l b h idUse lab that provides Use lab that provides recommendationsrecommendations
![Page 70: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Chemical Testing Chemical Testing –– What’s What’s ggImportantImportant
pH, pH bufferpH, pH bufferPhosphorus potassiumPhosphorus potassiumPhosphorus, potassiumPhosphorus, potassiumCalcium, magnesium, sodiumCalcium, magnesium, sodiumMi t i tMi t i tMicronutrientsMicronutrientsNitrogen?Nitrogen?
![Page 71: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: Understanding Soils and Boring Reports](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030319/5868cb791a28aba47b8b4fd2/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)