March 21 to 23, 2013

at Southern Sun North Beach Hotel, Durban, South

Africa,

Hosted and Sponsored

By

National Union of Metal Workers of South Africa (NUMSA)

International Conference on Understanding BRICS

Through the Prism of Energy: The Challenges of

Moving Towards Renewable Energy

COUNTRY PROFILE- RENEWABLE ENERGY IN

INDIA

Renewable Energy in India

India is well endowed with natural resources

India’s energy-mix comprises both non-renewable (coal, lignite, petroleum and natural gas) and renewable energy sources (wind, solar, small hydro, biomass, cogeneration bagasse etc

The total potential for renewable power generation in the country as on 31.03.11 is estimated at 89760 MW. This includes an estimated wind power potential of 49132 MW (55%), SHP (small-hydro power) potential of 15,385 MW (17%), Biomass power potential of 17,538 MW (20%) and 5000 MW (6%) from bagasse-based cogeneration in sugar mills.

Solar

Driving factors affecting growth of Renewable energy

Imminent climatic changes

The demand for clean energy sources

Increased gap between demand and supply of electricity

Increased Transmission and Distribution (T&D) loss

No access to electricity (nearly 84,740 are un-electrified villages in the country)

Scarcity of fossil fuels and electricity generated from these sources is expected to be further expensive, inefficient, polluting and unsustainable.

Solar History

Solar-History Contd…

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar

Mission (JNNSM)

Joint initiative of the Ministry of New and Renewable

Energy (MNRE) and Ministry of Power

One of the eight missions under the National Action

Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC),

20,000 MW grid solar Power, 2,000 MW of off-grid

capacity including 20 million solar lighting systems

and 20 million square meters (sq.m.) solar thermal

collector area by 2022

Implementation will take place in three phases—

Phase I (2009–13), Phase II (2013–17), and Phase

III (2017–22)—to achieve the target of deploying

20GW of solar power by 2022

Solar plants have high capital costs because of expensive input material and the high cost of components.

Adequate solar radiation levels for large-scale solar generation also require the availability of transmission infrastructure to evacuate power from the project location; large stretches of flat land, particularly for parabolic trough systems; and continual water supply to generate steam and cool turbines, in the case of solar thermal plants.

Solar technology also requires high precision–engineered components, such as parabolic mirrors and receiver tubes, which are not available locally.

Because of limited field experience and data, process standardization and quality benchmarks are not uniform across projects under preparation, with each manufacturer imposing its own standard.

The level of customization means that equipment has to be commissioned on a project-by-project basis, preventing manufacturers from enjoying economies of larger scale production.

The problem is accentuated by the lack of a learning curve and data gained from ground-level experience for simulating capital and

Financing options

User

Financing

Shared-Saving

RESCO-User

Bank

Facilitation

Wind

Wind -History

Policies:

In 2011, India installed a record 3019 MW of new

wind capacity (GWEC, 2011).

India’s policy and regulatory framework can be

explained in four phases as:

Phase 1: Technology demonstration and R&D (1981-

1990)

Phase 2: Economic liberalization and

institutionalization (1991- 2000)

Phase 3: Passing of Electricity Act, provision of

tariffs by the states (2000-2008)

Phase 4: New incentives and reinforcement of tariff

scheme (2009-2012)

Challenges

The policy and regulatory framework for renewable

is varied, India does not as yet have a dedicated

renewable energy law

The issues of grid integration, forecasting and

scheduling are becoming critically important to the

health of India’s wind energy sector

The power sector is plagued with structural

inefficiencies and reliability problems that create a

challenging environment for sustained wind power

growth

Financing options

Biomass

Biomass has huge potential in an agrarian

economy like India

Rural households in India predominantly use

wood and cow dung as fuel for cooking and water

heating due to lack of electricity.

Modern biomass energy is derived from organic

material and can be used in a variety of

conversion processes to yield power, heat/steam,

and fuel

Biomass is generally divided into three

categories:

Solid biomass

Biogas and

Liquid biofuels.

Solid Biomass Biomass resources in India are used for power

generation through three general applications:

Grid-connected biomass power plants

Off-grid distributed biomass power applications, and

Cogeneration via sugar mill and other industries

18000 MW of power can be generated from agro-

residues covering agricultural and forestry residues

excluding energy plantation in waste land and

bagasse available in sugar mills

Agriculture

Fisheries

Households

Commerce

&

Industries

Waste- Source

Waste Scenario and Collection in India

Primarily by the city municipality : • No gradation of waste product e.g. bio-degradable, glasses, polythene bags, paper shreds etc •Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts •Composting at some places

Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers) • Collecting small iron pieces by magnets • Collecting glass bottles • Collecting paper for recycling

• Average per capita per day organic waste generation is 250-300gms • 7.2 million tones of hazardous waste • One Sq km of additional landfill area every-year • Rs 1600 cr for treatment & disposal of these wastes • Industries discharge about 150 million tones of high volume low hazard waste every year, which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas. Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest

Current Waste Collection System :

Tariff by Regulatory Commission of different states for

Biomass Power /Cogeneration

I USD = INR 54.02

Biogas

Common Biogas Models presently being built in India

(Three of the biogas model presently being implemented by NGOs in India

are KVIC, Deenbandhu and Grameen Bandhu )

KVIC BG Model

(Main building material used is brick with cement mortar

and mild steel for gas holder)

Deenbandhu BG Model

(Main building material used is brick with cement mortar)

Grameen Bandhu BG Model

(Main building material used is bamboo with cement mortar)

Grameen Bandhu Model- Designed & developed by the Secretary

General (Raymond Myles) INSEDA in 1990’s.

Grameen Bandhu Biogas Plant (Fixed Dome Model with fixed Gas Storage chamber, built using bamboo

reinforced cement mortar-BRCM)

Completed Grameen Bandhu Plant (GBP) in operation at farmers house (Used for Cooking, operating Duel Fuel Gen-set, Mechanical Power for operating agricultural

machines & irrigation pump and digested slurry for organic farming)

Grameen Bandhu Biogas Plant (Built using bamboo reinforced cement mortar-BRCM)

Medium Size Commercial Biogas Plant

Biogas Flame Intensity

100% Biogas Run Gen-set

Bio-Manure Compressed Bio Methane Filling

Our 250 kg /day Project At MIDC, Waluj Aurangabad

Biogas based Distributed/Grid Power Generation

Programme is under implementation since 2005-

06

Biofuels

Biofuels are emerging as a renewable and eco-

friendly source of energy

Government of India has initiated several

programmes to augment production and use of

biofuels during the past decades

In India, biodiesel production is only at the nascent

stage, with about 95 million litres being produced

from jatropha and pongamia oil.

In the year 2010, the country produced nearly 1.43

billion litres of ethanol, of which an estimated 50

million litres of ethanol were blended with petrol

Policies

The National Biofuel Mission, launched in 2003 It has included several micro missions covering promotion of

large-scale plantation of feedstock crops in forests and

wastelands, procurement of seeds and oil extraction,

transesterification, blending, trade and R&D.

Ethanol blended petrol programme (EBPP) and

Biodiesel blending programme (BDBP) are the

integral parts of NBM and are aimed to initiate blending of biofuels

with transport fuels like petrol and high speed diesel on a commercial

scale.

The National Biofuel Policy formulated by the Ministry of New

and Renewable Energy (MNRE) was approved by the Cabinet

Committee in September, 2008 and was released in December, 2009

foresees biofuels as a potential means to stimulate rural development

and generate employment opportunities

Key Stakeholders

Power Stakes

Group/Individuals How can they help us?

How can they block us?

What would they want from us?

What do we want from them?

Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) and other Financial Institutions/ Partner Banks

Concessional financing for RE projects

By not financing RE projects through high cost of finance

Financial support through for instance guarantees

Large scale financing of RE projects through concessional funds

International Financial Institutions

Source of low cost funds

This would be particularly helpful for development of large solar power plants with storage

Lack of support Helping particularly off grid initiatives and rural electrification efforts by providing debt funds at low cost

Developers/Investors (including foreign)

Implementing RE projects & programs

Innovation in business models for inclusive growth

Availing financial support from the Ministry but not implementing projects

Unfair practices

Sub-optimal monitoring of projects

Financial support

Conducive policy & regulatory framework

Implementing RE projects & programs

Innovation in business models for inclusive growth

Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

Spreading awareness

Fictitious NGOs spreading of misinformation

Financial support Awareness generation

End-users Large scale use of RE devices

Non cooperation towards usage of RE devices on account of:

lack of awareness

high cost

utility factor

Awareness creation. Cost of such devices being made available at the same cost or lower cost than conventional systems

Increased usage and promotion of RE systems and devices

Barriers

High cost of technologies

Current acceptability of end-users

Lack of implementation infrastructure

General lack of awareness of end-users

Quality and therefore reliability of equipment-

particularly for decentralized applications

Inconvenience of use of certain renewable energy

based applications vis-à-vis conventional means

Lack of availability of technical manpower

Lack of adequate transmission infrastructure in states

for evacuation of renewable power

Questions

THANKS

For further information

Contact:

Raymond Myles Secretary General-cum-Chief Executive

INSEDA (Integrated Sustainable Energy and Ecological

Development Association) C-37, Jeewan Park, Pankha Road, Uttam Nagar,

New Delhi-110059, India Phone: (LL)- +(91)-(11)-45025711

Mobile: +(91)-9212014905 and +(91)-9899094905 E-Mail: ray.myles06@gmail.com Website: www.inseda.org and

www.inforse.southasia.org