GWEC Link Budget Presentation - Final
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Transcript of GWEC Link Budget Presentation - Final
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Link Budgets for Cellular NetworksPresented by Eric Johnson
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IntroductionOverviewLink Budget ImportancePath BalanceFinding ERPParametersScenarios
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Importance of a Link BudgetWhat is a Link Budget?Determines tower transmit ERP for sufficient signal strength at the cell boundary for a quality mobile callDefines the cell coverage radius when used with a path loss modelWhy need a Link Budget?Determine transmit ERP and cell radiusEnsure path balanceBalance the uplink and downlink powerDont transmit more base station power than the maximum cell phone power capability
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Importance of a Link BudgetPath Balance IssueMobile is power limitedStronger base station power will deceive mobile into thinking there is sufficient signal strengthMobile can receive info but cannot send
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Importance of a Link BudgetConsequencesMobile call initiations will fail and poor handoff decisions will be madeAt the cell boundarySolutionSetting the base station power to match the mobile power allows for optimum performancePath balance
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Path BalanceBalanced PathDistancefrom mobilefromtowerPowerSamePath Loss
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Path BalanceNot path balancedPrevious Distance
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Path BalancePath balance limited by mobile powerIS-136Older phones max. power: 3 W (35 dBm)Current phones max. power: 0.6 W (28 dBm)Ranges from 26 to 28 dBmBenefit: less power consumption less rechargingDrawback: smaller cell coverage more cellsGSMMobile power max.: 1.0 W (30 dBm)
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Finding ERPLink budget determines transmit ERPNetwork is limited by mobile powerTypical transmit is 100 W ERP Transmit ERP determines cell radiusRadius also depends on tower height and path loss environmentSmall improvement (1 dB) in link budget can provide large coverage gains
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Finding ERPDistancefrom mobilefromtowerPower
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ParametersSummary of ParametersThermal Noise PowerAntenna GainSignal to Noise (S/N)Minimum Input PowerSimplified Example
Sheet1
IS-136GSM
Thermal Noise-129.0 dBmAThermal Noise-121.0 dBmA
Antenna Gain12.0 dBiBAntenna Gain12.0 dBiB
Cable Loss1.2 dBCCable Loss1.2 dBC
S/N15.0 dBDS/N12.0 dBD
Minimum Input Power-124.8 dBmE = A - B + C + DMinimum Input Power-119.8 dBmE = A - B + C + D
Sheet2
Sheet3
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ParametersNoise-Limited SystemAmbient temperature creates noise floorInterference from high frequency re-use may cause system to be interference limitedSite measurements determine if noise or interference limitedThe following analysis assumes a noise limited system
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ParametersThermal Noise PowerPN = kTBk = boltzmans constantT = ambient temperature in KelvinB = signal bandwidthIS-136 PN = -129 dBm GSM PN = -121 dBm
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ParametersThermal Noise Power (cont.)The noise floor for GSM is 8 dB higher than IS-136 because it uses a wider bandwidth signalResult: IS-136 is 8 dB more sensitive to lower power signals
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ParametersAntenna GainTower gain ranges from 6 dBd to 16 dBdMobile gain typically 0 dBd (-2 dBd to 0 dBd)gain more uplink larger coverage areagain narrower beamwidthGain choice depends on desired coverage areaMore GainNarrower BeamLess GainBroader BeamIsotropicGain
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ParametersCable Loss1-5/8 diameter0.8 dB/100-ft7/8 diameter1.2 dB/100-ftTower heights range from 30 ft to 600 ft
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ParametersSignal to Noise (S/N)IS-136 15 dB (15 - 17 dB)GSM 11 dB (7 - 12 dB)GSM has a S/N advantage over IS-136GSM has more tolerance for errors than IS-136Wider bandwidth and different modulation schemeDifference between GSM and IS-136GSM noise floor is worse (higher) than IS-136GSM S/N is better (lower) than IS-136GSM has more uplink power availableResult: GSM and IS-136 have comparable link budgets, so only analyze IS-136 link budget
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Scenario 1: BaselineSite ConfigurationHeight: 200 ftAntenna Gain: 12 dBdCable: 1-5/8 0.8 dB/100-ftDetermine ERPPath balance to find ERP
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Scenario 1: BaselineMin. input power
Path Loss
Receive Path Parameters
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
BaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobile
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Channel BW (kHz)30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz
Ambient Temperature (deg F)70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F
Ambient Temperature (deg C)21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C
Thermal Noise (Kelvin)294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K
Noise Floor (dBm)-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBmA-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm
RBS Gain (dB)24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB
RBS Noise Figure (dB)4.0 dB9.0 dBB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB
Noise Floor (dBm)-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBmC = A + B-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm
Cable Length (ft)220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft
Cable Loss per 100 ft (dB/100-ft)0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB
Receiver Cable Loss (dB)1.7 dBD1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Effective Noise Floor no TMA-123.5 dBm-123.5 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.2 dBm
TMA Gain12.0 dB12.0 dB
TMA Noise Figure1.0 dB1.0 dB
System Noise Figure with TMA0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Gain of using TMA0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB
Effective Noise Floor (dBm)-123.5 dBm-120.1 dBmE = C + D-124.1 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.9 dBm
C/N (3% BER) (dB)15.0 dB15.0 dBF15.0 dB15.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB
Min. Radio Input (dBm)-108.5 dBm-105.1 dBmG = E + F-109.1 dBm-105.1 dBm-104.2 dBm-100.9 dBm-104.9 dBm-100.9 dBm
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBH3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBI5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBJ
Receiver Antenna Gain (dBd)12.0 dBd0.0 dBdK12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd
Receiver Diversity Gain (dB)5.0 dBL5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Min. Input (dBm)-125.5 dBm-97.1 dBmM = G + H + I + J - K - L-126.1 dBm-97.1 dBm-121.2 dBm-92.9 dBm-121.9 dBm-92.9 dBm
Transmit Path Parameters
MobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBase
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Transmit PA (W)0.6 W16.9 W0.6 W19.6 W1.0 W28.2 W1.0 W32.7 W
Transmit PA (dBm)27.8 dBm42.3 dBmA27.8 dBm42.9 dBm30.0 dBm44.5 dBm30.0 dBm45.1 dBm
Transmit Cable Loss Total (dB)1.7 dBB1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Transmit Combiner Loss (dB)4.5 dBC4.5 dB4.5 dB4.5 dB
Transmit EIRP (dBm)36.1 dBm36.7 dB38.3 dB39.0 dB
Transmit Antenna Gain (dBd)0.0 dBd12.0 dBdD0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd
Transmit ERP (dBm)27.8 dBm48.1 dBmE = A - B - C + D27.8 dBm48.7 dBm30.0 dBm50.3 dBm30.0 dBm51.0 dBm
Transmit ERP (W)0.6 W64.4 W0.6 W74.7 W1.0 W107.5 W1.0 W124.7 W
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBF3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBG5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBH0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Slow fade margin (dB)5.4 dB5.4 dBI5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB
Effective Transmit Power (dBm)14.4 dBm42.7 dBmJ = E - F - G - H - I
Max. Path Loss (dB)139.8 dB139.8 dBTeff - Reff140.5 dB140.5 dB137.8 dB137.8 dB138.5 dB138.5 dB
Path imbalance (dB)-0.0 dB-0.0 dB0.0 dB-0.0 dB
Adjusted ERP (dBm)48.1 dBm48.7 dBm50.3 dBm51.0 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (dBm)42.3 dBm42.9 dBm44.5 dBm45.1 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (W)16.9 W19.6 W28.2 W32.7 W
TMA Calculations
Attenuator Pad-2.7 dB9.3 dB-2.7 dB9.3 dB
(Note: all the following is linear)
TMA Gain115.8489319246115.8489319246
TMA Noise Factor11.258925411811.2589254118
Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142
Cable Noise Factor1.47482333331.47482333331.47482333331.4748233333
Attenuator Gain1.85669257220.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815
Attenuator Noise Factor0.53859212618.53610994180.53859212618.5361099418
RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151
RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315
System Noise Factor (linear)1.9952623153.19109199231.9952623153.1910919923
System Noise Figure (dB)3.0 dB5.0 dB3.0 dB5.0 dB
Incr. in IP3 due to TMA (dB)0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB
Cell Radius - Define Height
Cell Radius - Uplink Limited
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Okumura-Hata for cell radius
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator23.378928910424.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)5.06 km5.29 km4.40 km4.60 km
Cell Radius (mi)3.14 mi3.29 mi2.73 mi2.86 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site31.038080450433.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922
Area of sector10.346026816811.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307
Erlangs required per sector517.3013408402282.97026941539.08857862624.2763877654
Capacity5748%3144%434%48%
1900 MHz
COST 231 for cell radius
Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3Scenario 4
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator14.112780934814.760787693312.092181021512.74018778
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)2.66 km2.78 km2.31 km2.42 km
Cell Radius (mi)1.65 mi1.73 mi1.44 mi1.50 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site8.58671197959.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908
Area of sector2.86223732653.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969
Erlangs required per sector143.111866324578.283971397710.81388930891.1830663985
Capacity1590%870%120%13%
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRuralTotal
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erl per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of sector coverage0.180.361.818
Area of site0.541.085.454
Radius of site (mi)0.41 mi0.59 mi1.31 mi4.15 mi
Radius of site (km)0.67 km0.94 km2.11 km6.67 km
Coverage area (sq mi)103070140Total Sites
Number of sites required192813362
C/I for sectorized N=415.9 dB
Cell Height - Capacity Limited
Cell Height
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Solving Okumura-Hata for base station height
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator-6.6000929596-0.489976315400
Denominator0000
Predicted Cell Height (m)0 m0 m0 m0 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)0 ft0 ft0 ft0 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
1900 MHz
Solving COST-231 for base station height
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator2.6660550168.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708
Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026
Predicted Cell Height (m)2 m4 m50 m352 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)5 ft14 ft165 ft1154 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Okumura-Hata
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Base Height14 ft4 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss Okumura-Hata (dB)165.3 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)5.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)5.0 dB9.8 dB
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)5.0 dB12.8 dB
Rural correction5.0 dB28.3 dB
Dense Urban US160.3 dB
Urban US160.3 dB
Suburban US160.3 dB
Rural US160.3 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)104.7 dB
n (equivalent)3.6
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
COST 231
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Base Height100 ft30 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss COST 231 (dB)160.9 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)7.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)7.0 dB12.1 dB(not used)
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)7.0 dB15.1 dB15.0 dB
Rural correction7.0 dB27.2 dB35.2 dB
Dense Urban US153.9 dB
Urban US153.9 dB
Suburban US153.9 dB
Rural US153.9 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)111.7 dB
COST 231 Equivalent Path Loss3.4
General Model for PlanetCOST 231
K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB
K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB
K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB
K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB
K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Kclutter0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Path Loss (dB)58.4 dB
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Scenario 1: BaselineMax. path loss and max. transmit power
Path Loss
Receive Path Parameters
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
BaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobile
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Channel BW (kHz)30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz
Ambient Temperature (deg F)70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F
Ambient Temperature (deg C)21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C
Thermal Noise (Kelvin)294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K
Noise Floor (dBm)-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBmA-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm
RBS Gain (dB)24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB
RBS Noise Figure (dB)4.0 dB9.0 dBB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB
Noise Floor (dBm)-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBmC = A + B-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm
Cable Length (ft)220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft
Cable Loss per 100 ft (dB/100-ft)0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB
Receiver Cable Loss (dB)1.7 dBD1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Effective Noise Floor no TMA-123.5 dBm-123.5 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.2 dBm
TMA Gain12.0 dB12.0 dB
TMA Noise Figure1.0 dB1.0 dB
System Noise Figure with TMA0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Gain of using TMA0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB
Effective Noise Floor (dBm)-123.5 dBmE = C + D-124.1 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.9 dBm
C/N (3% BER) (dB)15.0 dB15.0 dBF15.0 dB15.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB
Min. Radio Input (dBm)-108.5 dBm-105.1 dBmG = E + F-109.1 dBm-105.1 dBm-104.2 dBm-100.9 dBm-104.9 dBm-100.9 dBm
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBH3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBI5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBJ
Receiver Antenna Gain (dBd)12.0 dBd0.0 dBdK12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd
Receiver Diversity Gain (dB)5.0 dBL5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Min. Input (dBm)-125.5 dBm-97.1 dBmM = G + H + I + J - K - L-126.1 dBm-97.1 dBm-121.2 dBm-92.9 dBm-121.9 dBm-92.9 dBm
Transmit Path Parameters
MobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBase
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Transmit PA (W)0.6 W16.9 W0.6 W19.6 W1.0 W28.2 W1.0 W32.7 W
Transmit PA (dBm)27.8 dBm42.3 dBmA27.8 dBm42.9 dBm30.0 dBm44.5 dBm30.0 dBm45.1 dBm
Transmit Cable Loss Total (dB)1.7 dBB1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Transmit Combiner Loss (dB)4.5 dBC4.5 dB4.5 dB4.5 dB
Transmit EIRP (dBm)36.1 dBm36.7 dB38.3 dB39.0 dB
Transmit Antenna Gain (dBd)0.0 dBd12.0 dBdD0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd
Transmit ERP (dBm)27.8 dBm48.1 dBmE = A - B - C + D27.8 dBm48.7 dBm30.0 dBm50.3 dBm30.0 dBm51.0 dBm
Transmit ERP (W)0.6 W64.4 W0.6 W74.7 W1.0 W107.5 W1.0 W124.7 W
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBF3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBG5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBH0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Slow fade margin (dB)5.4 dB5.4 dBI5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB
Effective Transmit Power (dBm)14.4 dBm42.7 dBmJ = E - F - G - H - I
Max. Path Loss (dB)139.8 dB139.8 dB140.5 dB140.5 dB137.8 dB137.8 dB138.5 dB138.5 dB
Path imbalance (dB)-0.0 dB-0.0 dB0.0 dB-0.0 dB
Adjusted ERP (dBm)48.1 dBm48.7 dBm50.3 dBm51.0 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (dBm)42.3 dBm42.9 dBm44.5 dBm45.1 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (W)16.9 W19.6 W28.2 W32.7 W
TMA Calculations
Attenuator Pad-2.7 dB9.3 dB-2.7 dB9.3 dB
(Note: all the following is linear)
TMA Gain115.8489319246115.8489319246
TMA Noise Factor11.258925411811.2589254118
Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142
Cable Noise Factor1.47482333331.47482333331.47482333331.4748233333
Attenuator Gain1.85669257220.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815
Attenuator Noise Factor0.53859212618.53610994180.53859212618.5361099418
RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151
RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315
System Noise Factor (linear)1.9952623153.19109199231.9952623153.1910919923
System Noise Figure (dB)3.0 dB5.0 dB3.0 dB5.0 dB
Incr. in IP3 due to TMA (dB)0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB
Cell Radius - Define Height
Cell Radius - Uplink Limited
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Okumura-Hata for cell radius
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator23.378928910424.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)5.06 km5.29 km4.40 km4.60 km
Cell Radius (mi)3.14 mi3.29 mi2.73 mi2.86 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site31.038080450433.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922
Area of sector10.346026816811.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307
Erlangs required per sector517.3013408402282.97026941539.08857862624.2763877654
Capacity5748%3144%434%48%
1900 MHz
COST 231 for cell radius
Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3Scenario 4
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator14.112780934814.760787693312.092181021512.74018778
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)2.66 km2.78 km2.31 km2.42 km
Cell Radius (mi)1.65 mi1.73 mi1.44 mi1.50 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site8.58671197959.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908
Area of sector2.86223732653.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969
Erlangs required per sector143.111866324578.283971397710.81388930891.1830663985
Capacity1590%870%120%13%
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRuralTotal
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erl per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of sector coverage0.180.361.818
Area of site0.541.085.454
Radius of site (mi)0.41 mi0.59 mi1.31 mi4.15 mi
Radius of site (km)0.67 km0.94 km2.11 km6.67 km
Coverage area (sq mi)103070140Total Sites
Number of sites required192813362
C/I for sectorized N=415.9 dB
Cell Height - Capacity Limited
Cell Height
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Solving Okumura-Hata for base station height
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator-6.6000929596-0.489976315400
Denominator0000
Predicted Cell Height (m)0 m0 m0 m0 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)0 ft0 ft0 ft0 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
1900 MHz
Solving COST-231 for base station height
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator2.6660550168.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708
Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026
Predicted Cell Height (m)2 m4 m50 m352 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)5 ft14 ft165 ft1154 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Okumura-Hata
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Base Height14 ft4 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss Okumura-Hata (dB)165.3 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)5.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)5.0 dB9.8 dB
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)5.0 dB12.8 dB
Rural correction5.0 dB28.3 dB
Dense Urban US160.3 dB
Urban US160.3 dB
Suburban US160.3 dB
Rural US160.3 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)104.7 dB
n (equivalent)3.6
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
COST 231
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Base Height100 ft30 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss COST 231 (dB)160.9 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)7.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)7.0 dB12.1 dB(not used)
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)7.0 dB15.1 dB15.0 dB
Rural correction7.0 dB27.2 dB35.2 dB
Dense Urban US153.9 dB
Urban US153.9 dB
Suburban US153.9 dB
Rural US153.9 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)111.7 dB
COST 231 Equivalent Path Loss3.4
General Model for PlanetCOST 231
K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB
K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB
K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB
K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB
K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Kclutter0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Path Loss (dB)58.4 dB
Path Loss
Receive Path Parameters
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
BaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobile
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Channel BW (kHz)30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz
Ambient Temperature (deg F)70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F
Ambient Temperature (deg C)21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C
Thermal Noise (Kelvin)294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K
Noise Floor (dBm)-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBmA-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm
RBS Gain (dB)24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB
RBS Noise Figure (dB)4.0 dB9.0 dBB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB
Noise Floor (dBm)-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBmC = A + B-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm
Cable Length (ft)220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft
Cable Loss per 100 ft (dB/100-ft)0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB
Receiver Cable Loss (dB)1.7 dBD1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Effective Noise Floor no TMA-123.5 dBm-123.5 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.2 dBm
TMA Gain12.0 dB12.0 dB
TMA Noise Figure1.0 dB1.0 dB
System Noise Figure with TMA0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Gain of using TMA0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB
Effective Noise Floor (dBm)-123.5 dBmE = C + D-124.1 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.9 dBm
C/N (3% BER) (dB)15.0 dB15.0 dBF15.0 dB15.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB
Min. Radio Input (dBm)-108.5 dBm-105.1 dBmG = E + F-109.1 dBm-105.1 dBm-104.2 dBm-100.9 dBm-104.9 dBm-100.9 dBm
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBH3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBI5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBJ
Receiver Antenna Gain (dBd)12.0 dBd0.0 dBdK12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd
Receiver Diversity Gain (dB)5.0 dBL5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Min. Input (dBm)-125.5 dBm-97.1 dBmM = G + H + I + J - K - L-126.1 dBm-97.1 dBm-121.2 dBm-92.9 dBm-121.9 dBm-92.9 dBm
Transmit Path Parameters
MobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBase
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Transmit PA (W)0.6 W16.9 W0.6 W19.6 W1.0 W28.2 W1.0 W32.7 W
Transmit PA (dBm)27.8 dBm42.3 dBmA27.8 dBm42.9 dBm30.0 dBm44.5 dBm30.0 dBm45.1 dBm
Transmit Cable Loss Total (dB)1.7 dBB1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Transmit Combiner Loss (dB)4.5 dBC4.5 dB4.5 dB4.5 dB
Transmit EIRP (dBm)36.1 dBm36.7 dB38.3 dB39.0 dB
Transmit Antenna Gain (dBd)0.0 dBd12.0 dBdD0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd
Transmit ERP (dBm)27.8 dBm48.1 dBmE = A - B - C + D27.8 dBm48.7 dBm30.0 dBm50.3 dBm30.0 dBm51.0 dBm
Transmit ERP (W)0.6 W64.4 W0.6 W74.7 W1.0 W107.5 W1.0 W124.7 W
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBF3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBG5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBH0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Slow fade margin (dB)5.4 dB5.4 dBI5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB
Effective Transmit Power (dBm)14.4 dBm42.7 dBmJ = E - F - G - H - I
Max. Path Loss (dB)139.8 dB139.8 dB140.5 dB140.5 dB137.8 dB137.8 dB138.5 dB138.5 dB
Path imbalance (dB)-0.0 dB-0.0 dB0.0 dB-0.0 dB
Adjusted ERP (dBm)48.1 dBm48.7 dBm50.3 dBm51.0 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (dBm)42.3 dBm42.9 dBm44.5 dBm45.1 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (W)16.9 W19.6 W28.2 W32.7 W
TMA Calculations
Attenuator Pad-2.7 dB9.3 dB-2.7 dB9.3 dB
(Note: all the following is linear)
TMA Gain115.8489319246115.8489319246
TMA Noise Factor11.258925411811.2589254118
Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142
Cable Noise Factor1.47482333331.47482333331.47482333331.4748233333
Attenuator Gain1.85669257220.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815
Attenuator Noise Factor0.53859212618.53610994180.53859212618.5361099418
RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151
RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315
System Noise Factor (linear)1.9952623153.19109199231.9952623153.1910919923
System Noise Figure (dB)3.0 dB5.0 dB3.0 dB5.0 dB
Incr. in IP3 due to TMA (dB)0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB
Cell Radius - Define Height
Cell Radius - Uplink Limited
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Okumura-Hata for cell radius
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator23.378928910424.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)5.06 km5.29 km4.40 km4.60 km
Cell Radius (mi)3.14 mi3.29 mi2.73 mi2.86 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site31.038080450433.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922
Area of sector10.346026816811.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307
Erlangs required per sector517.3013408402282.97026941539.08857862624.2763877654
Capacity5748%3144%434%48%
1900 MHz
COST 231 for cell radius
Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3Scenario 4
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator14.112780934814.760787693312.092181021512.74018778
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)2.66 km2.78 km2.31 km2.42 km
Cell Radius (mi)1.65 mi1.73 mi1.44 mi1.50 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site8.58671197959.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908
Area of sector2.86223732653.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969
Erlangs required per sector143.111866324578.283971397710.81388930891.1830663985
Capacity1590%870%120%13%
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRuralTotal
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erl per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of sector coverage0.180.361.818
Area of site0.541.085.454
Radius of site (mi)0.41 mi0.59 mi1.31 mi4.15 mi
Radius of site (km)0.67 km0.94 km2.11 km6.67 km
Coverage area (sq mi)103070140Total Sites
Number of sites required192813362
C/I for sectorized N=415.9 dB
Cell Height - Capacity Limited
Cell Height
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Solving Okumura-Hata for base station height
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator-6.6000929596-0.489976315400
Denominator0000
Predicted Cell Height (m)0 m0 m0 m0 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)0 ft0 ft0 ft0 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
1900 MHz
Solving COST-231 for base station height
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator2.6660550168.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708
Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026
Predicted Cell Height (m)2 m4 m50 m352 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)5 ft14 ft165 ft1154 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Okumura-Hata
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Base Height14 ft4 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss Okumura-Hata (dB)165.3 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)5.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)5.0 dB9.8 dB
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)5.0 dB12.8 dB
Rural correction5.0 dB28.3 dB
Dense Urban US160.3 dB
Urban US160.3 dB
Suburban US160.3 dB
Rural US160.3 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)104.7 dB
n (equivalent)3.6
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
COST 231
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Base Height100 ft30 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss COST 231 (dB)160.9 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)7.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)7.0 dB12.1 dB(not used)
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)7.0 dB15.1 dB15.0 dB
Rural correction7.0 dB27.2 dB35.2 dB
Dense Urban US153.9 dB
Urban US153.9 dB
Suburban US153.9 dB
Rural US153.9 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)111.7 dB
COST 231 Equivalent Path Loss3.4
General Model for PlanetCOST 231
K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB
K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB
K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB
K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB
K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Kclutter0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Path Loss (dB)58.4 dB
Path Loss
Receive Path Parameters
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
BaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobile
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Channel BW (kHz)30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz
Ambient Temperature (deg F)70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F
Ambient Temperature (deg C)21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C
Thermal Noise (Kelvin)294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K
Noise Floor (dBm)-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBmA-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm
RBS Gain (dB)24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB
RBS Noise Figure (dB)4.0 dB9.0 dBB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB
Noise Floor (dBm)-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBmC = A + B-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm
Cable Length (ft)220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft
Cable Loss per 100 ft (dB/100-ft)0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB
Receiver Cable Loss (dB)1.7 dBD1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Effective Noise Floor no TMA-123.5 dBm-123.5 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.2 dBm
TMA Gain12.0 dB12.0 dB
TMA Noise Figure1.0 dB1.0 dB
System Noise Figure with TMA0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Gain of using TMA0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB
Effective Noise Floor (dBm)-123.5 dBmE = C + D-124.1 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.9 dBm
C/N (3% BER) (dB)15.0 dB15.0 dBF15.0 dB15.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB
Min. Radio Input (dBm)-108.5 dBm-105.1 dBmG = E + F-109.1 dBm-105.1 dBm-104.2 dBm-100.9 dBm-104.9 dBm-100.9 dBm
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBH3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBI5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBJ
Receiver Antenna Gain (dBd)12.0 dBd0.0 dBdK12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd
Receiver Diversity Gain (dB)5.0 dBL5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Min. Input (dBm)-125.5 dBm-97.1 dBmM = G + H + I + J - K - L-126.1 dBm-97.1 dBm-121.2 dBm-92.9 dBm-121.9 dBm-92.9 dBm
Transmit Path Parameters
MobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBase
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Transmit PA (W)0.6 W16.9 W0.6 W19.6 W1.0 W28.2 W1.0 W32.7 W
Transmit PA (dBm)27.8 dBm42.3 dBmA27.8 dBm42.9 dBm30.0 dBm44.5 dBm30.0 dBm45.1 dBm
Transmit Cable Loss Total (dB)1.7 dBB1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Transmit Combiner Loss (dB)4.5 dBC4.5 dB4.5 dB4.5 dB
Transmit EIRP (dBm)36.1 dBm36.7 dB38.3 dB39.0 dB
Transmit Antenna Gain (dBd)0.0 dBd12.0 dBdD0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd
Transmit ERP (dBm)27.8 dBm48.1 dBmE = A - B - C + D27.8 dBm48.7 dBm30.0 dBm50.3 dBm30.0 dBm51.0 dBm
Transmit ERP (W)0.6 W64.4 W0.6 W74.7 W1.0 W107.5 W1.0 W124.7 W
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBF3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBG5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBH0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Slow fade margin (dB)5.4 dB5.4 dBI5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB
Effective Transmit Power (dBm)14.4 dBm42.7 dBmJ = E - F - G - H - I
Max. Path Loss (dB)139.8 dB139.8 dBTeff - Reff140.5 dB140.5 dB137.8 dB137.8 dB138.5 dB138.5 dB
Path imbalance (dB)-0.0 dB-0.0 dB0.0 dB-0.0 dB
Adjusted ERP (dBm)48.1 dBm48.7 dBm50.3 dBm51.0 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (dBm)42.3 dBm42.9 dBm44.5 dBm45.1 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (W)16.9 W19.6 W28.2 W32.7 W
TMA Calculations
Attenuator Pad-2.7 dB9.3 dB-2.7 dB9.3 dB
(Note: all the following is linear)
TMA Gain115.8489319246115.8489319246
TMA Noise Factor11.258925411811.2589254118
Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142
Cable Noise Factor1.47482333331.47482333331.47482333331.4748233333
Attenuator Gain1.85669257220.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815
Attenuator Noise Factor0.53859212618.53610994180.53859212618.5361099418
RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151
RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315
System Noise Factor (linear)1.9952623153.19109199231.9952623153.1910919923
System Noise Figure (dB)3.0 dB5.0 dB3.0 dB5.0 dB
Incr. in IP3 due to TMA (dB)0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB
Cell Radius - Define Height
Cell Radius - Uplink Limited
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Okumura-Hata for cell radius
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator23.378928910424.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)5.06 km5.29 km4.40 km4.60 km
Cell Radius (mi)3.14 mi3.29 mi2.73 mi2.86 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site31.038080450433.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922
Area of sector10.346026816811.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307
Erlangs required per sector517.3013408402282.97026941539.08857862624.2763877654
Capacity5748%3144%434%48%
1900 MHz
COST 231 for cell radius
Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3Scenario 4
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator14.112780934814.760787693312.092181021512.74018778
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)2.66 km2.78 km2.31 km2.42 km
Cell Radius (mi)1.65 mi1.73 mi1.44 mi1.50 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site8.58671197959.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908
Area of sector2.86223732653.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969
Erlangs required per sector143.111866324578.283971397710.81388930891.1830663985
Capacity1590%870%120%13%
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRuralTotal
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erl per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of sector coverage0.180.361.818
Area of site0.541.085.454
Radius of site (mi)0.41 mi0.59 mi1.31 mi4.15 mi
Radius of site (km)0.67 km0.94 km2.11 km6.67 km
Coverage area (sq mi)103070140Total Sites
Number of sites required192813362
C/I for sectorized N=415.9 dB
Cell Height - Capacity Limited
Cell Height
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Solving Okumura-Hata for base station height
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator-6.6000929596-0.489976315400
Denominator0000
Predicted Cell Height (m)0 m0 m0 m0 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)0 ft0 ft0 ft0 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
1900 MHz
Solving COST-231 for base station height
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator2.6660550168.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708
Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026
Predicted Cell Height (m)2 m4 m50 m352 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)5 ft14 ft165 ft1154 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Okumura-Hata
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Base Height14 ft4 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss Okumura-Hata (dB)165.3 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)5.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)5.0 dB9.8 dB
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)5.0 dB12.8 dB
Rural correction5.0 dB28.3 dB
Dense Urban US160.3 dB
Urban US160.3 dB
Suburban US160.3 dB
Rural US160.3 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)104.7 dB
n (equivalent)3.6
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
COST 231
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Base Height100 ft30 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss COST 231 (dB)160.9 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)7.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)7.0 dB12.1 dB(not used)
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)7.0 dB15.1 dB15.0 dB
Rural correction7.0 dB27.2 dB35.2 dB
Dense Urban US153.9 dB
Urban US153.9 dB
Suburban US153.9 dB
Rural US153.9 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)111.7 dB
COST 231 Equivalent Path Loss3.4
General Model for PlanetCOST 231
K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB
K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB
K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB
K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB
K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Kclutter0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Path Loss (dB)58.4 dB
-
Scenario 2: Less Antenna GainLess antenna gainWider beamwidth for broader coverageReduces uplinkReduces cell radiusSite ConfigurationHeight: 200 ftAntenna Gain: 8 dBdCable: 1-5/8 0.8 dB/100-ftResultsERP: 25.7 WRadius: 76% than with 12 dBd
-
Scenario 3: TMAsTower-Mounted Amplifiers (TMAs)Also called Tower-Top Amplifiers (TTAs) or Mast Head Amplifiers (MHAs)Essentially a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) mounted most often at the top of the towerUse TMA if high cable lossTMA gain eliminates the losses due to the cableTotal system gain reduced through equation belowTMA noise figure must be lower than the cable lossAbout 200 ft or taller implies 1.5 dB, so TMA useful
-
Scenario 3: TMAsDisadvantagesIntermodulation products may be amplified causing more interferenceExcessive gain amplifies intermodulation effects more than it amplifies the desired signalWant gain = losses, so include attenuators if necessaryBand filters typicalAdvantage: helps reduce intermodulation interferenceDisadvantage: slightly different frequency bands replace TMAMore logistics to replace or troubleshoot Moderately high cost
-
Scenario 3: TMAsMin. input power
Path Loss
Receive Path Parameters
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
BaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobile
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Channel BW (kHz)30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz
Ambient Temperature (deg F)70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F
Ambient Temperature (deg C)21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C
Thermal Noise (Kelvin)294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K
Noise Floor (dBm)-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBmA-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm
RBS Gain (dB)24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB
RBS Noise Figure (dB)4.0 dB9.0 dBB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB
Noise Floor (dBm)-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBmC = A + B-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm
Cable Length (ft)220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft
Cable Loss per 100 ft (dB/100-ft)0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB
Receiver Cable Loss (dB)1.7 dBD1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Effective Noise Floor no TMA-123.5 dBmAA = C + D-123.5 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.2 dBm
TMA Gain12.0 dB12.0 dB12.0 dB
TMA Noise Figure1.2 dBBB1.0 dB1.0 dB
System Noise Figure with TMA5.1 dBCC0.0 dB5.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Gain of using TMA0.6 dB0.0 dBDD = C + D - BB0.0 dB0.6 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB
Effective Noise Floor (dBm)-124.0 dBm-120.1 dBmE = C + CC (mobile = C)-124.1 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.9 dBm
C/N (3% BER) (dB)15.0 dB15.0 dBF15.0 dB15.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB
Min. Radio Input (dBm)-109.0 dBm-105.1 dBmG = E + F-109.1 dBm-105.1 dBm-104.2 dBm-100.9 dBm-104.9 dBm-100.9 dBm
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBH3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBI5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBJ
Receiver Antenna Gain (dBd)12.0 dBd0.0 dBdK12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd
Receiver Diversity Gain (dB)5.0 dBL5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Min. Input (dBm)-126.0 dBm-97.1 dBmM = G + H + I + J - K - L-126.1 dBm-97.1 dBm-121.2 dBm-92.9 dBm-121.9 dBm-92.9 dBm
Transmit Path Parameters
MobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBase
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Transmit PA (W)0.6 W19.3 W0.6 W19.6 W1.0 W28.2 W1.0 W32.7 W
Transmit PA (dBm)27.8 dBm42.9 dBmA27.8 dBm42.9 dBm30.0 dBm44.5 dBm30.0 dBm45.1 dBm
Transmit Cable Loss Total (dB)1.7 dBB1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Transmit Combiner Loss (dB)4.5 dBC4.5 dB4.5 dB4.5 dB
Transmit EIRP (dBm)36.7 dBm36.7 dB38.3 dB39.0 dB
Transmit Antenna Gain (dBd)0.0 dBd12.0 dBdD0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd
Transmit ERP (dBm)27.8 dBm48.7 dBmE = A - B - C + D27.8 dBm48.7 dBm30.0 dBm50.3 dBm30.0 dBm51.0 dBm
Transmit ERP (W)0.6 W73.6 W0.6 W74.7 W1.0 W107.5 W1.0 W124.7 W
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBF3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBG5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBH0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Slow fade margin (dB)5.4 dB5.4 dBI5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB
Effective Transmit Power (dBm)14.4 dBm43.3 dBmJ = E - F - G - H - I
Max. Path Loss (dB)140.4 dB140.4 dBTeff - Reff140.5 dB140.5 dB137.8 dB137.8 dB138.5 dB138.5 dB
Path imbalance (dB)0.0 dB-0.0 dB0.0 dB-0.0 dB
Adjusted ERP (dBm)48.7 dBm48.7 dBm50.3 dBm51.0 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (dBm)42.8 dBm42.9 dBm44.5 dBm45.1 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (W)19.3 W19.6 W28.2 W32.7 W
TMA Calculations
Attenuator Pad9.3 dB9.3 dB-2.7 dB9.3 dB
(Note: all the following is linear)
TMA Gain15.848931924615.8489319246115.8489319246
TMA Noise Factor1.31825673861.258925411811.2589254118
Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142
Cable Noise Factor1.47482333331.47482333331.47482333331.4748233333
Attenuator Gain0.11714938150.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815
Attenuator Noise Factor8.53610994188.53610994180.53859212618.5361099418
RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151
RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315
System Noise Factor (linear)3.25042331913.19109199231.9952623153.1910919923
System Noise Figure (dB)5.1 dB5.0 dB3.0 dB5.0 dB
Incr. in IP3 due to TMA (dB)2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB
Cell Radius - Define Height
Cell Radius - Uplink Limited
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Okumura-Hata for cell radius
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator23.946929660124.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)5.26 km5.29 km4.40 km4.60 km
Cell Radius (mi)3.27 mi3.29 mi2.73 mi2.86 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site33.581768997933.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922
Area of sector11.193922999311.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307
Erlangs required per sector559.6961499652282.97026941539.08857862624.2763877654
Capacity6219%3144%434%48%
1900 MHz
COST 231 for cell radius
Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3Scenario 4
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator14.680781684514.760787693312.092181021512.74018778
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)2.77 km2.78 km2.31 km2.42 km
Cell Radius (mi)1.72 mi1.73 mi1.44 mi1.50 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site9.29042563089.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908
Area of sector3.09680854363.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969
Erlangs required per sector154.840427179478.283971397710.81388930891.1830663985
Capacity1720%870%120%13%
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRuralTotal
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erl per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of sector coverage0.180.361.818
Area of site0.541.085.454
Radius of site (mi)0.41 mi0.59 mi1.31 mi4.15 mi
Radius of site (km)0.67 km0.94 km2.11 km6.67 km
Coverage area (sq mi)103070140Total Sites
Number of sites required192813362
C/I for sectorized N=415.9 dB
Cell Height - Capacity Limited
Cell Height
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Solving Okumura-Hata for base station height
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator-7.1680937093-0.489976315400
Denominator0000
Predicted Cell Height (m)0 m0 m0 m0 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)0 ft0 ft0 ft0 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
1900 MHz
Solving COST-231 for base station height
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator2.09805426638.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708
Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026
Predicted Cell Height (m)1 m4 m50 m352 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)5 ft14 ft165 ft1154 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Okumura-Hata
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Base Height14 ft4 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss Okumura-Hata (dB)165.3 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)5.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)5.0 dB9.8 dB
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)5.0 dB12.8 dB
Rural correction5.0 dB28.3 dB
Dense Urban US160.3 dB
Urban US160.3 dB
Suburban US160.3 dB
Rural US160.3 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)104.7 dB
n (equivalent)3.6
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
COST 231
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Base Height100 ft30 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss COST 231 (dB)160.9 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)7.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)7.0 dB12.1 dB(not used)
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)7.0 dB15.1 dB15.0 dB
Rural correction7.0 dB27.2 dB35.2 dB
Dense Urban US153.9 dB
Urban US153.9 dB
Suburban US153.9 dB
Rural US153.9 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)111.7 dB
COST 231 Equivalent Path Loss3.4
General Model for PlanetCOST 231
K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB
K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB
K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB
K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB
K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Kclutter0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Path Loss (dB)58.4 dB
-
Scenario 3: TMAsMax. path loss and max. transmit power
Path Loss
Receive Path Parameters
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
BaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobile
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Channel BW (kHz)30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz
Ambient Temperature (deg F)70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F
Ambient Temperature (deg C)21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C
Thermal Noise (Kelvin)294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K
Noise Floor (dBm)-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBmA-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm
RBS Gain (dB)24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB
RBS Noise Figure (dB)4.0 dB9.0 dBB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB
Noise Floor (dBm)-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBmC = A + B-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm
Cable Length (ft)220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft
Cable Loss per 100 ft (dB/100-ft)0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB
Receiver Cable Loss (dB)1.7 dBD1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Effective Noise Floor no TMA-123.5 dBmAA = C + D-123.5 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.2 dBm
TMA Gain12.0 dB12.0 dB12.0 dB
TMA Noise Figure1.2 dBBB1.0 dB1.0 dB
System Noise Figure with TMA5.1 dBCC0.0 dB5.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Gain of using TMA0.6 dB0.0 dBDD = C + D - BB0.0 dB0.6 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB
Effective Noise Floor (dBm)-124.0 dBm-120.1 dBmE = C + CC (mobile = C)-124.1 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.9 dBm
C/N (3% BER) (dB)15.0 dB15.0 dBF15.0 dB15.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB
Min. Radio Input (dBm)-109.0 dBm-105.1 dBmG = E + F-109.1 dBm-105.1 dBm-104.2 dBm-100.9 dBm-104.9 dBm-100.9 dBm
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBH3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBI5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBJ
Receiver Antenna Gain (dBd)12.0 dBd0.0 dBdK12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd
Receiver Diversity Gain (dB)5.0 dBL5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Min. Input (dBm)-126.0 dBm-97.1 dBmM = G + H + I + J - K - L-126.1 dBm-97.1 dBm-121.2 dBm-92.9 dBm-121.9 dBm-92.9 dBm
Transmit Path Parameters
MobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBase
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Transmit PA (W)0.6 W19.3 W0.6 W19.6 W1.0 W28.2 W1.0 W32.7 W
Transmit PA (dBm)27.8 dBm42.9 dBmA27.8 dBm42.9 dBm30.0 dBm44.5 dBm30.0 dBm45.1 dBm
Transmit Cable Loss Total (dB)1.7 dBB1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Transmit Combiner Loss (dB)4.5 dBC4.5 dB4.5 dB4.5 dB
Transmit EIRP (dBm)36.7 dBm36.7 dB38.3 dB39.0 dB
Transmit Antenna Gain (dBd)0.0 dBd12.0 dBdD0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd
Transmit ERP (dBm)27.8 dBm48.7 dBmE = A - B - C + D27.8 dBm48.7 dBm30.0 dBm50.3 dBm30.0 dBm51.0 dBm
Transmit ERP (W)0.6 W73.6 W0.6 W74.7 W1.0 W107.5 W1.0 W124.7 W
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBF3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBG5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBH0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Slow fade margin (dB)5.4 dB5.4 dBI5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB
Effective Transmit Power (dBm)14.4 dBm43.3 dBmJ = E - F - G - H - I
Max. Path Loss (dB)140.4 dB140.4 dBTeff - Reff140.5 dB140.5 dB137.8 dB137.8 dB138.5 dB138.5 dB
Path imbalance (dB)0.0 dB-0.0 dB0.0 dB-0.0 dB
Adjusted ERP (dBm)48.7 dBm48.7 dBm50.3 dBm51.0 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (dBm)42.8 dBm42.9 dBm44.5 dBm45.1 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (W)19.3 W19.6 W28.2 W32.7 W
TMA Calculations
Attenuator Pad9.3 dB9.3 dB-2.7 dB9.3 dB
(Note: all the following is linear)
TMA Gain15.848931924615.8489319246115.8489319246
TMA Noise Factor1.31825673861.258925411811.2589254118
Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142
Cable Noise Factor1.47482333331.47482333331.47482333331.4748233333
Attenuator Gain0.11714938150.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815
Attenuator Noise Factor8.53610994188.53610994180.53859212618.5361099418
RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151
RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315
System Noise Factor (linear)3.25042331913.19109199231.9952623153.1910919923
System Noise Figure (dB)5.1 dB5.0 dB3.0 dB5.0 dB
Incr. in IP3 due to TMA (dB)2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB
Cell Radius - Define Height
Cell Radius - Uplink Limited
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Okumura-Hata for cell radius
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator23.946929660124.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)5.26 km5.29 km4.40 km4.60 km
Cell Radius (mi)3.27 mi3.29 mi2.73 mi2.86 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site33.581768997933.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922
Area of sector11.193922999311.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307
Erlangs required per sector559.6961499652282.97026941539.08857862624.2763877654
Capacity6219%3144%434%48%
1900 MHz
COST 231 for cell radius
Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3Scenario 4
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator14.680781684514.760787693312.092181021512.74018778
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)2.77 km2.78 km2.31 km2.42 km
Cell Radius (mi)1.72 mi1.73 mi1.44 mi1.50 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site9.29042563089.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908
Area of sector3.09680854363.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969
Erlangs required per sector154.840427179478.283971397710.81388930891.1830663985
Capacity1720%870%120%13%
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRuralTotal
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erl per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of sector coverage0.180.361.818
Area of site0.541.085.454
Radius of site (mi)0.41 mi0.59 mi1.31 mi4.15 mi
Radius of site (km)0.67 km0.94 km2.11 km6.67 km
Coverage area (sq mi)103070140Total Sites
Number of sites required192813362
C/I for sectorized N=415.9 dB
Cell Height - Capacity Limited
Cell Height
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Solving Okumura-Hata for base station height
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator-7.1680937093-0.489976315400
Denominator0000
Predicted Cell Height (m)0 m0 m0 m0 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)0 ft0 ft0 ft0 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
1900 MHz
Solving COST-231 for base station height
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator2.09805426638.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708
Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026
Predicted Cell Height (m)1 m4 m50 m352 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)5 ft14 ft165 ft1154 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Okumura-Hata
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Base Height14 ft4 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss Okumura-Hata (dB)165.3 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)5.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)5.0 dB9.8 dB
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)5.0 dB12.8 dB
Rural correction5.0 dB28.3 dB
Dense Urban US160.3 dB
Urban US160.3 dB
Suburban US160.3 dB
Rural US160.3 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)104.7 dB
n (equivalent)3.6
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
COST 231
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Base Height100 ft30 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss COST 231 (dB)160.9 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)7.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)7.0 dB12.1 dB(not used)
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)7.0 dB15.1 dB15.0 dB
Rural correction7.0 dB27.2 dB35.2 dB
Dense Urban US153.9 dB
Urban US153.9 dB
Suburban US153.9 dB
Rural US153.9 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)111.7 dB
COST 231 Equivalent Path Loss3.4
General Model for PlanetCOST 231
K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB
K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB
K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB
K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB
K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Kclutter0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Path Loss (dB)58.4 dB
Path Loss
Receive Path Parameters
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
BaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobile
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Channel BW (kHz)30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz
Ambient Temperature (deg F)70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F
Ambient Temperature (deg C)21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C
Thermal Noise (Kelvin)294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K
Noise Floor (dBm)-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBmA-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm
RBS Gain (dB)24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB
RBS Noise Figure (dB)4.0 dB9.0 dBB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB
Noise Floor (dBm)-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBmC = A + B-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm
Cable Length (ft)220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft
Cable Loss per 100 ft (dB/100-ft)0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB
Receiver Cable Loss (dB)1.7 dBD1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Effective Noise Floor no TMA-123.5 dBmAA = C + D-123.5 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.2 dBm
TMA Gain12.0 dB12.0 dB12.0 dB
TMA Noise Figure1.2 dBBB1.0 dB1.0 dB
System Noise Figure with TMA5.1 dBCC0.0 dB5.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Gain of using TMA0.6 dB0.0 dBDD = C + D - BB0.0 dB0.6 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB
Effective Noise Floor (dBm)-124.0 dBm-120.1 dBmE = C + CC (mobile = C)-124.1 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.9 dBm
C/N (3% BER) (dB)15.0 dB15.0 dBF15.0 dB15.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB
Min. Radio Input (dBm)-109.0 dBm-105.1 dBmG = E + F-109.1 dBm-105.1 dBm-104.2 dBm-100.9 dBm-104.9 dBm-100.9 dBm
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBH3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBI5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBJ
Receiver Antenna Gain (dBd)12.0 dBd0.0 dBdK12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd
Receiver Diversity Gain (dB)5.0 dBL5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Min. Input (dBm)-126.0 dBm-97.1 dBmM = G + H + I + J - K - L-126.1 dBm-97.1 dBm-121.2 dBm-92.9 dBm-121.9 dBm-92.9 dBm
Transmit Path Parameters
MobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBase
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Transmit PA (W)0.6 W19.3 W0.6 W19.6 W1.0 W28.2 W1.0 W32.7 W
Transmit PA (dBm)27.8 dBm42.9 dBmA27.8 dBm42.9 dBm30.0 dBm44.5 dBm30.0 dBm45.1 dBm
Transmit Cable Loss Total (dB)1.7 dBB1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Transmit Combiner Loss (dB)4.5 dBC4.5 dB4.5 dB4.5 dB
Transmit EIRP (dBm)36.7 dBm36.7 dB38.3 dB39.0 dB
Transmit Antenna Gain (dBd)0.0 dBd12.0 dBdD0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd
Transmit ERP (dBm)27.8 dBm48.7 dBmE = A - B - C + D27.8 dBm48.7 dBm30.0 dBm50.3 dBm30.0 dBm51.0 dBm
Transmit ERP (W)0.6 W73.6 W0.6 W74.7 W1.0 W107.5 W1.0 W124.7 W
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBF3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBG5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBH0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Slow fade margin (dB)5.4 dB5.4 dBI5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB
Effective Transmit Power (dBm)14.4 dBm43.3 dBmJ = E - F - G - H - I
Max. Path Loss (dB)140.4 dB140.4 dBTeff - Reff140.5 dB140.5 dB137.8 dB137.8 dB138.5 dB138.5 dB
Path imbalance (dB)0.0 dB-0.0 dB0.0 dB-0.0 dB
Adjusted ERP (dBm)48.7 dBm48.7 dBm50.3 dBm51.0 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (dBm)42.8 dBm42.9 dBm44.5 dBm45.1 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (W)19.3 W19.6 W28.2 W32.7 W
TMA Calculations
Attenuator Pad9.3 dB9.3 dB-2.7 dB9.3 dB
(Note: all the following is linear)
TMA Gain15.848931924615.8489319246115.8489319246
TMA Noise Factor1.31825673861.258925411811.2589254118
Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142
Cable Noise Factor1.47482333331.47482333331.47482333331.4748233333
Attenuator Gain0.11714938150.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815
Attenuator Noise Factor8.53610994188.53610994180.53859212618.5361099418
RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151
RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315
System Noise Factor (linear)3.25042331913.19109199231.9952623153.1910919923
System Noise Figure (dB)5.1 dB5.0 dB3.0 dB5.0 dB
Incr. in IP3 due to TMA (dB)2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB
Cell Radius - Define Height
Cell Radius - Uplink Limited
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Okumura-Hata for cell radius
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator23.946929660124.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)5.26 km5.29 km4.40 km4.60 km
Cell Radius (mi)3.27 mi3.29 mi2.73 mi2.86 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site33.581768997933.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922
Area of sector11.193922999311.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307
Erlangs required per sector559.6961499652282.97026941539.08857862624.2763877654
Capacity6219%3144%434%48%
1900 MHz
COST 231 for cell radius
Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3Scenario 4
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator14.680781684514.760787693312.092181021512.74018778
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)2.77 km2.78 km2.31 km2.42 km
Cell Radius (mi)1.72 mi1.73 mi1.44 mi1.50 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site9.29042563089.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908
Area of sector3.09680854363.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969
Erlangs required per sector154.840427179478.283971397710.81388930891.1830663985
Capacity1720%870%120%13%
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRuralTotal
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erl per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of sector coverage0.180.361.818
Area of site0.541.085.454
Radius of site (mi)0.41 mi0.59 mi1.31 mi4.15 mi
Radius of site (km)0.67 km0.94 km2.11 km6.67 km
Coverage area (sq mi)103070140Total Sites
Number of sites required192813362
C/I for sectorized N=415.9 dB
Cell Height - Capacity Limited
Cell Height
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Solving Okumura-Hata for base station height
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator-7.1680937093-0.489976315400
Denominator0000
Predicted Cell Height (m)0 m0 m0 m0 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)0 ft0 ft0 ft0 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
1900 MHz
Solving COST-231 for base station height
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator2.09805426638.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708
Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026
Predicted Cell Height (m)1 m4 m50 m352 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)5 ft14 ft165 ft1154 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Okumura-Hata
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Base Height14 ft4 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss Okumura-Hata (dB)165.3 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)5.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)5.0 dB9.8 dB
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)5.0 dB12.8 dB
Rural correction5.0 dB28.3 dB
Dense Urban US160.3 dB
Urban US160.3 dB
Suburban US160.3 dB
Rural US160.3 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)104.7 dB
n (equivalent)3.6
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
COST 231
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Base Height100 ft30 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss COST 231 (dB)160.9 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)7.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)7.0 dB12.1 dB(not used)
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)7.0 dB15.1 dB15.0 dB
Rural correction7.0 dB27.2 dB35.2 dB
Dense Urban US153.9 dB
Urban US153.9 dB
Suburban US153.9 dB
Rural US153.9 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)111.7 dB
COST 231 Equivalent Path Loss3.4
General Model for PlanetCOST 231
K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB
K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB
K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB
K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB
K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Kclutter0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Path Loss (dB)58.4 dB
Path Loss
Receive Path Parameters
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
BaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobile
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Channel BW (kHz)30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz
Ambient Temperature (deg F)70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F
Ambient Temperature (deg C)21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C
Thermal Noise (Kelvin)294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K
Noise Floor (dBm)-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBmA-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm
RBS Gain (dB)24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB
RBS Noise Figure (dB)4.0 dB9.0 dBB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB
Noise Floor (dBm)-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBmC = A + B-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm
Cable Length (ft)220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft
Cable Loss per 100 ft (dB/100-ft)0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB
Receiver Cable Loss (dB)1.7 dBD1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Effective Noise Floor no TMA-123.5 dBmAA = C + D-123.5 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.2 dBm
TMA Gain12.0 dB12.0 dB12.0 dB
TMA Noise Figure1.2 dBBB1.0 dB1.0 dB
System Noise Figure with TMA5.1 dBCC0.0 dB5.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Gain of using TMA0.6 dB0.0 dBDD = C + D - BB0.0 dB0.6 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB
Effective Noise Floor (dBm)-124.0 dBm-120.1 dBmE = C + CC (mobile = C)-124.1 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.9 dBm
C/N (3% BER) (dB)15.0 dB15.0 dBF15.0 dB15.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB
Min. Radio Input (dBm)-109.0 dBm-105.1 dBmG = E + F-109.1 dBm-105.1 dBm-104.2 dBm-100.9 dBm-104.9 dBm-100.9 dBm
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBH3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBI5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBJ
Receiver Antenna Gain (dBd)12.0 dBd0.0 dBdK12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd
Receiver Diversity Gain (dB)5.0 dBL5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Effective Min. Input (dBm)-126.0 dBm-97.1 dBmM = G + H + I + J - K - L-126.1 dBm-97.1 dBm-121.2 dBm-92.9 dBm-121.9 dBm-92.9 dBm
Transmit Path Parameters
MobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBase
UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink
Transmit PA (W)0.6 W19.3 W0.6 W19.6 W1.0 W28.2 W1.0 W32.7 W
Transmit PA (dBm)27.8 dBm42.9 dBmA27.8 dBm42.9 dBm30.0 dBm44.5 dBm30.0 dBm45.1 dBm
Transmit Cable Loss Total (dB)1.7 dBB1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB
Transmit Combiner Loss (dB)4.5 dBC4.5 dB4.5 dB4.5 dB
Transmit EIRP (dBm)36.7 dBm36.7 dB38.3 dB39.0 dB
Transmit Antenna Gain (dBd)0.0 dBd12.0 dBdD0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd
Transmit ERP (dBm)27.8 dBm48.7 dBmE = A - B - C + D27.8 dBm48.7 dBm30.0 dBm50.3 dBm30.0 dBm51.0 dBm
Transmit ERP (W)0.6 W73.6 W0.6 W74.7 W1.0 W107.5 W1.0 W124.7 W
Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBF3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBG5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB
Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBH0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Slow fade margin (dB)5.4 dB5.4 dBI5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB
Effective Transmit Power (dBm)14.4 dBm43.3 dBmJ = E - F - G - H - I
Max. Path Loss (dB)140.4 dB140.4 dBTeff - Reff140.5 dB140.5 dB137.8 dB137.8 dB138.5 dB138.5 dB
Path imbalance (dB)0.0 dB-0.0 dB0.0 dB-0.0 dB
Adjusted ERP (dBm)48.7 dBm48.7 dBm50.3 dBm51.0 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (dBm)42.8 dBm42.9 dBm44.5 dBm45.1 dBm
Adjusted Transmitter PA (W)19.3 W19.6 W28.2 W32.7 W
TMA Calculations
Attenuator Pad9.3 dB9.3 dB-2.7 dB9.3 dB
(Note: all the following is linear)
TMA Gain15.848931924615.8489319246115.8489319246
TMA Noise Factor1.31825673861.258925411811.2589254118
Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142
Cable Noise Factor1.47482333331.47482333331.47482333331.4748233333
Attenuator Gain0.11714938150.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815
Attenuator Noise Factor8.53610994188.53610994180.53859212618.5361099418
RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151
RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315
System Noise Factor (linear)3.25042331913.19109199231.9952623153.1910919923
System Noise Figure (dB)5.1 dB5.0 dB3.0 dB5.0 dB
Incr. in IP3 due to TMA (dB)2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB
Cell Radius - Define Height
Cell Radius - Uplink Limited
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Okumura-Hata for cell radius
IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator23.946929660124.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)5.26 km5.29 km4.40 km4.60 km
Cell Radius (mi)3.27 mi3.29 mi2.73 mi2.86 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site33.581768997933.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922
Area of sector11.193922999311.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307
Erlangs required per sector559.6961499652282.97026941539.08857862624.2763877654
Capacity6219%3144%434%48%
1900 MHz
COST 231 for cell radius
Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3Scenario 4
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz
Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m
Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft
Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft
Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m
a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB
Numerator14.680781684514.760787693312.092181021512.74018778
Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229
Cell Radius (km)2.77 km2.78 km2.31 km2.42 km
Cell Radius (mi)1.72 mi1.73 mi1.44 mi1.50 mi
Capacity
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of site9.29042563089.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908
Area of sector3.09680854363.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969
Erlangs required per sector154.840427179478.283971397710.81388930891.1830663985
Capacity1720%870%120%13%
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Cell Radius - Capacity Limited
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRuralTotal
Reuse4444
Available channels per group25252525
Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333
Erl per sq mi502550.5
Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931
Voice paths per sector15151515
Erl per sector at 2 % GOS9999
Area of sector coverage0.180.361.818
Area of site0.541.085.454
Radius of site (mi)0.41 mi0.59 mi1.31 mi4.15 mi
Radius of site (km)0.67 km0.94 km2.11 km6.67 km
Coverage area (sq mi)103070140Total Sites
Number of sites required192813362
C/I for sectorized N=415.9 dB
Cell Height - Capacity Limited
Cell Height
Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations
850 MHz
Solving Okumura-Hata for base station height
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator-7.1680937093-0.489976315400
Denominator0000
Predicted Cell Height (m)0 m0 m0 m0 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)0 ft0 ft0 ft0 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
1900 MHz
Solving COST-231 for base station height
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB
Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural
Numerator2.09805426638.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708
Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026
Predicted Cell Height (m)1 m4 m50 m352 m
Predicted Cell Height (ft)5 ft14 ft165 ft1154 ft
Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft
(Use height based on capacity
or user defined height)
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Propagation Loss 850 MHz
Okumura-Hata
Frequency (MHz)850 MHz
Base Height14 ft4 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss Okumura-Hata (dB)165.3 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)5.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)5.0 dB9.8 dB
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)5.0 dB12.8 dB
Rural correction5.0 dB28.3 dB
Dense Urban US160.3 dB
Urban US160.3 dB
Suburban US160.3 dB
Rural US160.3 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)104.7 dB
n (equivalent)3.6
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
Propagation Loss 1900 MHz
COST 231
Frequency (MHz)1900 MHz
Base Height100 ft30 m
Mobile Height5 ft2 m
Radius3.0 mi4.8 km
a (mobile height) (dB)0.1 dB
Path Loss COST 231 (dB)160.9 dB
FactorsFactorFactors
UsedEquationsPlanet
Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)7.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB
Suburb correction (for urban US)7.0 dB12.1 dB(not used)
Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)7.0 dB15.1 dB15.0 dB
Rural correction7.0 dB27.2 dB35.2 dB
Dense Urban US153.9 dB
Urban US153.9 dB
Suburban US153.9 dB
Rural US153.9 dB
Path Loss LOS (dB)111.7 dB
COST 231 Equivalent Path Loss3.4
General Model for PlanetCOST 231
K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB
K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB
K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB
K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB
K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Kclutter0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB
Path Loss (dB)58.4 dB
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SummaryScenario 1200 ft tower, 12 dBdNo TMA 1-5/8 cable1.7 dB cable lossERP: 65 WScenario 2200 ft tower, 8 dBdNo TMA1-5/8 cable1.7 dB cable lossERP: 26 WRadius: 76% the radius as had with 12 dBd gain
Scenario 3200 ft tower, 12 dBdTMA1-5/8 cable1.7 dB cable lossERP: 74 WUplink improved 0.6 dBRadius 5% larger7/8 cable2.7 dB cable lossERP: 74 WUplink improved 1.6 dBRadius 12% larger
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SummaryChallenges in a Link BudgetParameters vary by user experienceVerify interference is lower than noise floorChoosing antenna with as much gain as possible that will still adequately cover area
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Questions?