Under Floor Heating Tehnology

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UNDER FLOOR HEATINGTECHNOLOGY

Ordre of EngineersTripoli - Lebanon

Eng. Wael Zmerly02-11-2007


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2Order of Engineers Tripoli - Lebanon

Eng. Wael Zmerly - 200

Under Floor Heating Technolog

WHAT IS FLOOR HEATING

TO USE THE FLOOR AS A HEAT EMISSION SURFACE


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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Heating systems inspired by this idea werebuilt by the Chinese, Egyptians and Romans.

2000 years ago


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At the start of this century floor heating appears inits present form.Hot water cycles inside a tube burred under ground.

In London in 1909, one of the Royalpalaces was heated with this new system.

1900







1945 TO 1950In Europe, from 1945 to 1950, over 100,000 homes were heated by this technique.

Very soon, however, it was noted that the equipment wascausing numerous physiological problems due to thefollowing facts:

Metallic pipes instead of plastic(long distance between pipes)

The boiler temperaturewas 70C to 80C. The

reason why the floortemperature was 34C to40C. Which caused alsosome health problems.

40C

No use of cement slab, High thermalinertia.






THE NEW SYSTEMS

FROM 1970s3 New values were added:

Low surface temperature (28 - 29C).

Low thermal inertia of the floor slab.

29C

More insulation, Low heat losses.

Use of Floating floors.

Uniform heat distribution. Plastic pipes, small pitches.

E






ADVANTAGES

Uniform heat distribution.

Healthy conditions. Absence of air draughts.

Safety.

Space saving.

Low noise

Temperature reduction from feet to head.

Lack of dryness due to low temperatures.

Friendly to the environment.

Efficient. Low operating cost.

Reduction of roof thermal loses.

Short-term depreciation.

INCONVIENIENTS






HEATING OUTPUT RELATED TOLIMITED AREA. RELATIVLY HIGH THERMALINERTIA.

INCONVIENIENTS

HEAT AND COMFORT






HEAT AND COMFORT

Hottest part of the room is at ceiling

level.Room temperature setting at 21C.Cold feet due to cooler convective aircurrent.

RADIATOR HEATING FLOOR HEATING

Coolest part of the room is at ceiling level.

Room temperature setting below 21C (19).No draught.No cold feet.Less dust which can settle on walls, furnitureand curtains.

HEAT REPARTITION






16 20 24C

170cm

270cm

10cm

HEAT REPARTITION

16 20 24

Floor heating

radiant panel

Ceiling

heating

Radiators

(external walls)

Radiators

(internal walls)

Warm air

Warm air

Floor heating

Ceiling heating

Radiators ext.

Radiators int .

Thermal comfort

Ideal curve

APPLICATIONS






APPLICATIONS

RESIDENTIAL. OFFICES.

INDUSTRIAL.

PANEL CONTAINEMENT STRUCTURES






PANEL CONTAINEMENT STRUCTURES

Thermal Concrete

Insulation

Floor Slab

Tiles

Protectivediaphragm

Acrylicadhesive Acrylicgrouting

PanelPipes

Insulationstrip

Skirting board

2.0cm

2.5cm

4.0cm

1.5cm

LAYOUT






LAYOUT

Loops

Distribution

manifold

LAYOUT


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LAYOUT

LOOP CONFIGURATIONS


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LOOP CONFIGURATIONS

variation

SINGLE SERPENTINE

LOOP CONFIGURATIONS


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LOOP CONFIGURATIONS

Floor temperatureVariation

PARALLEL SUPPLY AND RETURN COUNTERFLOW TYPE

LOOP CONFIGURATIONS


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LOOP CONFIGURATIONS

Floor temperatureVariation

PARALLEL SUPPLY AND RETURN SPIRAL TYPE

LOOP CONFIGURATIONS


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LOOP CONFIGURATIONS

MATERIALS


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E L

PIPES


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PEX with oxygen barrier

PEX ALU - PEX

PIPE REEL

MANIFOLDS


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For correct operation and maintenance of the

system, manifolds must have:Main on/off valves,Panel on/off valves,Micrometric panel regulating valves,Automatic air vents,Drain cocks.

MANIFOLDS


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PERIFERAL INSULATION STRIP


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INSULATION BOARD


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INSULATION BOARD


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INSULATION BOARD


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EXPASION JOINTS


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NETWORK TESTING


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For 30 min at 150% of working pressureFor 90 min at double working pressureInstallation testSame pressure during the pouring of thermalconcrete

CONCRETE COMPOSITION


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0,8m river sand

0,4m gravel, 4 - 6mm grain size

350 kg cement

2,5 kg plasticizer 250 kg water

900 gr/m polypropylene fibers

1mof concrete contain

CALCULATION PARAMETERS


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Ambient air temperature

Outer diameter of pipeInternal diameter of pipe

Thermal conductivity of pipe

Flow temperature of water

Center to center distance

Thermal resistance of the floor

Thermal conductivity of slab

Thickness of slab above pipe

Panel surface

Thermal resistance below panel

Underneath room temperature

REQUIRMENTS


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CENTER TO CENTER DISTANCEThe most frequently used grids are as follows: 7,5 15,0 22,5 30,0 37,5

5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 30,0

MAXIMUM DESIGN WATERTEMPERATURE

45 a 55C with traditional boilers; 40 a 45C with district heating, condensingboilers, heat pumps; 32 a 38C with solar panels.

HEAT OUTPUT REQUIREDTwo aspects in consideration : the lack of heat loss through the floors,

the heat contribution of any panels located onthe floor above.

SURFACE TEMPERATURE OFTHE FLOOR

To avoid uncomfortable physiological conditions, thesurface temperature of the floor should be less than:

29C in continuously occupied environments, 33C in bathrooms, showers and swimming pools, 35C in perimeter areas or rooms rarely used.

REQUIRMENTS


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TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE OF

HEATING FLUID

It is advisable not to be too high in order: not to over-reduce the average temperature of the

fluid, and thus the heat output of the panel; to avoid surface temperatures which differ too muchfrom each other, Usually it is used below 8 10C

PANEL FLOW Considering that the maximum flow of a panel is onaverage between:200 220 l/h, for pipes with Di = 16 mm120 130 l/h, for pipes with Di = 13 mm

HEAD REQUIREDIt is advisable that the difference between the presethead and that should be at least 200 300 mm w.g.

LENGTH OF THE PANEL In domestic applications, it is advisable not to gobeyond the commercial lengths of pipe rolls (120 150 metres)

HEAT OUTPUT


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tp = surface temperature of floor, Cta = ambient temperature, C

q = specific heat output (upwards) of panel, W/m2

In particular (at ambient temperature = 20C), the maximum specific output which can betransferred by a panel is:

qmax = 8,92 . ( 29 20 ) 1,1 = 100 W/m2 in continuously inhabited environments. qmax = 8,92 . ( 33 20 ) 1,1 = 150 W/m2 in bathrooms, showers and swimming pools. qmax = 8,92 . ( 35 20 ) 1,1 = 175 W/m2 in perimeter areas or rooms rarely used.

CONTROL SYSTEM


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CONTROL SYSTEM


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BOILER ROOM


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Mixing Valve

BETONKOERNAKTIVERUNG


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WALL HEATING


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Radiant wall heating is one of the most comfortable form of heating available.Water circulating at 30-40C in pipes built into the wall provides gentle buthighly efficient radiant heat.

CEILING HEATING


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ELECTRICAL FLOOR HEATING


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Under Floor Heating Tehnology

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