Biology

Test 2 08 February 2012 2 Hour

Nama Pelajar : Kelas : Markah :

Instruction: Answer all questions in this section.

1. The figure below shows the structure of an animal cell.

(a) Name the structures P, Q, R and S.

[2 marks]

(b) (i) State the function of P and Q respectively.

[2 marks](ii) State the reason why there is a higher density of organelle P compared to the

cheek cell of a human.

[2 marks]

(c) (i) What is the function of the structure S?

[1 mark](ii) State the use of the product of synthesis inside and outside of the cell.

[2 marks]

(d) (i) Besides the organelle shown in the figure above, give an example of a different organelle which can be found only in plant cells, and its function.

[2 marks](ii) Predict what will happen if a plant cell does not have the organelle you named in

(d) (i).

[1 mark]

2. The figure shows 4 different types of organelles.

(a) Name the organelles P, Q, R and S.

[2 marks]

(b) What is the function of organelle P, R, S?

[3 marks]

(c) In which part of the leaf is organelle P found in abundance?

[1 mark]

(d) Which of these organelles cannot be found in an animal cell?

[1 mark]

(e) (i) What can be formed from structure Y on organelle S?

[1 mark](ii) What is the function of Y?

[2 marks]

(f) Why is organelle R present in large numbers in the sperm cells of humans and flight muscle cells of birds?

[2 marks]

3.

The table above shows the life span of four different types of cells.

(a) (i) Name cell Z.

[1 mark](ii) State the process which produces new Z cells to replace the Z cells which are

damaged.

[1 mark](iii) Compared to other cells, skin cells have a short life span. Give one reason why

skin cells have a short life span.

[1 mark]

(b) (i) Where is cell Y produced and destroyed?

[2 marks]

(ii) Name the tissue produced from a combination of Y cells.

[1 mark](iii) Explain why cell Y is categorized in the tissue group above.

[1 mark]

(c) (i) What is cell X?

[1 mark](ii) Name the organelle which is found in abundance in cell X.

[1 mark](iii) Explain why the organelle in (c)(ii) is needed by cell X.

[1 mark]

(d) (i) What is the function of cell W?

[1 mark](ii) Predict what will happen if the span of cell W is short.

[1 mark]

4. The figure shows cell organization in multicellular organisms that is a flowering plant and man.

(a) Name the five levels of cell organization starting from simple to complex.

[2 marks]

(b) State the relationship between

(i) cell and tissue.

[1 mark](ii) tissue and organ.

[1 mark]

(c) Name the organs labelled P, Q, R, S and T.

[2 marks]

(d) The figure below shows a cross-section of the plant across the part labelled R.

(i) Name the tissue K, L, M and N.

[2 marks](ii) Name the cells that form the tissue K, L, M and N.

[2 marks]

(e) Name 4 types of tissue that form the organ T.

[2 marks]

5. The figure below shows a Paramecium sp.

(a) A Paramecium sp is a good example of cell complexity. It is a unicellular organism. What is meant by "unicellular organism"?

[1 mark]

(b) Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D, E and F.

[3 marks]

(c) Which part, A, B, C, D or E are involved in

(i) feeding?

[1 mark](ii) locomotion?

[1 mark](iii) reproduction?

[1 mark](iv) osmotic regulation?

[1 mark]

(d) State the 2 methods of reproduction in a Paramecium sp.

[2 marks]

(e) A Paramecium sp can survive in freshwater. Explain how.

[2 marks]

SECTION B Restricted Response ItemsInstruction: Answer only one question from this section.

6. (a) Draw and label a green plant cell.[4 marks]

(b) State the functions of 3 organelles in the cell that you have drawn.[6 marks]

(c) The specialisation of cellular functions gives a multicellular organism a better chance of survival.

(i) Define cell specialisation.[2 marks]

(ii) Discuss the advantages that multicellular organisms have over unicellular organisms.

[8 marks]

SECTION C : Extended Response ItemsInstruction: Answer only one question from in this section.

7. (a) Explain the function of 3 basic structures common to all cell types.

[4 marks]

(b) The figure shows an organelle.

(i) What are organelles?

[2 marks](ii) Identify the organelle and give reasons for your answer.

[2 marks](iii) List the functions of this organelle.

[2 marks]

(c) Compare and contrast the general characteristics of animal and plant cells as observed with the light microscope.

[10 marks]

ANSWER

1) (a) P = MitochondrionQ = CytoplasmR = NucleusS = Ribosome(b) (i) Function P : to provide energy to the cell or as a site of generating energy for the cell. Function Q : as a medium for biochemical reactions in the cell.(ii) The cheek cells of a human being are less active, therefore less energy is needed. However, the muscle cells are very active, thus more energy is needed.(c) (i) S functions as a site of protein synthesis.(ii) The product of synthesis of structure S (that is protein) is secreted out of the cell to produce enzymes and hormones whereas the product of synthesis (protein) which occurs in the cytoplasmic matrix is used by the cell for the growth of the cell itself/as a catalyst for the reactions in the cell.(d) (i) Chloroplast. Its function is to absorb sunlight to carry out photosynthesis.Cell wall. Its function is to provide support to the plant cells / to give the plant cell a fixed shape / to prevent the plant cell from bursting due to excessive intake of water.(ii) Without chloroplast, photosynthesis cannot be carried out. Without the cell wall, the plant cell cannot become turgid / the plant cell might bursts due to excessive intake of water.

2) (a) P : chloroplastQ : endoplasmic reticulumR : chloroplastS : Golgi apparatus(b) R : the organelle that captures light energy to make foodP : the site where cellular respiration occurs and energy is generated.S : the organelle that functions as the processing packaging and transporting centre of carbohydrates, proteins, phospholipids and glycoproteins(c) Palisade mesophyll(d) Organelle P(e) (i) Structure Y can become secretory vesicles(ii) These vesicles contain proteins which will bud off from the golgi membrane and travel to the plasma membrane to be secreted(f) The sperm cells and flight muscles of birds are very active. Therefore they require a lot of energy which can be obtained from organelle R which is present in large numbers.

3) (a) (i) Epithelial cell(ii) Mitosis(iii) Because it is located on the outside body where it is exposed to injury or to external effects(b) (i) Produced in the bone marrow. Destroyed in the liver.(ii) Connective tissue(iii) Because it exists in the intercellular matrix which is important for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.(c) (i) Muscle cells(ii) Mitochondrion(iii) Muscles require a lot of energy for the contraction and expansion of muscles to aid in movement.

(d) (i) Carries impulse from the receptor to the central nervous system and back to the effector.(ii) Human beings will lose their body coordination and will not be able to respond to external stimulus.

4) (a) cell tissue organ system organism

(b) (i) A tissue is a group of cells that has the same structure and performs the same function.(ii) A group of different types of tissues that are combined together to perform a specific function is an organ.(c) P - flower, Q - leaf, R - stem, S - root, T - heart(d) (i) K - epidermal tissue, L - ground tissue, M - meristematic tissue, N - vascular tissue(ii) K - epidermal cell, L - parenchyma cell, M - cambium cell, N - xylem vessel(e) epithelial tissue, muscle tissue(cardiac), connective tissue, nervous tissue

5) (a) "Unicellular" or "Single-celled" means that a Paramecium sp has only one cell for its entire body. It contains everything needed for survival.(b) A - macronucleusB - food vacuoleC - ciliaD - micronucleusE - gullet (oral groove)F - contractile vacuole(c) feeding : Elocomotion : Creproduction : Dosmotic regulation : F(d) Simple division and conjugation(e) They exist in an environment in which the osmotic concentration in their external environment is much lower than that in their cytoplasm. As a result, Paramecium sp. is subjected to a continuous influx of water, as water diffuses inward to a region of higher osmotic concentration. To maintain homeostasis, water must be continually pumped out of the cell at the same rate at which it moves in. Contractile vacuoles carry out this process.

6) (a)

(b) Nucleus - controls cell activities and contains genetic material.Mitochondria - site for generating energy through cellular respiration.Chloroplast - site for photosynthesisGolgi apparatus - complete the synthesis of proteins, glycoproteins and hormons.(c) (i) Specialisation of cells means cells are differentiated in structure or form and equipped with sufficient supportive organelle in order to perform a specific function.

(ii) Compared to the unicellular organisms, multicellular organisms· grow very large, so as to make it easier to control loss of heat· can adapt and live in a wide variety of environments.· obtain their energy from a wide variety of foods· have complex bodies (like having legs, wings, eyes, sensory cells, buds, etc) that help in

survival.

7) (a) - All cells contain a plasma membrane. The plasma membrane surrounds the cell and acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell. It also helps to regulate its internal composition- Cells contain cytoplasm, where biochemical reaction takes place and where most organelles are located- Every cell has a nucleus. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic information and ultimately controls all cellular activities.(b) (i)· Organelles are tiny structures within a cell· They are structures bounded by a membrane· Each organelle performs a specialised function(ii) The organelle is the Golgi apparatus. It consists of a stack of flattened membranous sacs lined with smooth endoplasmic reticulum.(iii) · The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the production of glycoproteins· It is also responsible in the production of secretory enzymes· The Golgi apparatus also functions to transport and store lipids.· It is also responsible for the formation of lysosomes(c) Animal and plant cells are similar in the sense that they both have plasma membranes, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and nuclei bounded by nuclear membranes.

Animal cell Plant cell· Does not have a cell wall· Cytoplasma present throughtout the cell

· Vacuoles, if present are small and scattered throughout the cell

· Its nucleus can be anywhere inside the cell, but it is often in the middle of the cell

· Centrioles present· Does not contain chloroplasts

· Cellulose cell wall present· Cytoplasm normally confined to a thin

layer at the edge of the cell· Has one or a few large vacuoles filled

with cell sap· Its nucleus is normally at the edge of the

cell· Centrioles absent· Contains chroloplasts