Ü Bringing Different Races Together –Community Centres Meeting place for different racial groups...
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Transcript of Ü Bringing Different Races Together –Community Centres Meeting place for different racial groups...
Bringing Different Races Together– Community Centres
• Meeting place for different racial groups in the same estate
• Interaction encouraged tolerance & understanding
• Wide range of activities organised
– Limit placed on proportion of races in every neighbourhood and block (March 1989)
1.5 Promoting Social Cohesion
Bringing Different Races Together– 1980 : Govt observed certain housing
estates had higher concentrations of the same race
– Malay : Bedok, Tampines– Chinese : Hougang, Ang Mo Kio– Racial congregation the result of a free
market– This could hinder social bonding– Mar 1989 : Limit placed on proportion
of races in every neighbourhood and block
– Aim to encourage people of different races to reside within a block
1.5 Promoting Social Cohesion
Source : SS Teachers’ Resource CD (Upper Sec)/Practice of Good Governance CDR1/SSS4RCD_A/03/Urban Renewal/1:54
1.5 Promoting Social Cohesion
Meeting Needs of Different Income Groups– Housing and Urban Development Corporation
(HUDC)• Provide housing for the middle-income
group– HDB built bigger flats with better designs
• Tampines and Choa Chu Kang– 1995 : Executive Condominium
• Built by private sector• Will become private property after a
certain number of years• Located in HDB housing estates• Swimming pools and tennis courts
– Mixture of smaller and bigger flats• Interaction between different income
groups
1.5 Promoting Social Cohesion
Building a Sense of Belonging– End 1970s : Precinct Concept
• The precinct as the basic planning unit of a new town
• Precinct : Group of 4-8 blocks with a central spce; a few basic facilities to serve as focal point for residents
• To build up community spirit
1.5 Promoting Social Cohesion
Building a Sense of BelongingResidents’ Committees (RCs)– Set up in 1978– Allow involvement of residents in
matters directly concerning them– Encourages greater participation
from the people in communal and social activities
– Foster community identity– Promotes neighbourliness &
identity among residents
1.5 Promoting Social Cohesion
Building a Sense of Belonging– 1989 : Town Councils
• HDB Estate management functions transferred to TCs
• Residents given greater say in running own estates
• TCs services : Collection of conservancy fees; landscaping, maintenance of essential services eg lift-rescue
• Estb stronger community ties
1.5 Promoting Social Cohesion
Meeting Needs of Single Citizens– 35 years old singles can buy resale flats– CPF Housing Grant for single citizens
Meeting Needs of Senior Citizens– Building of Studio Apartments
• Non-slip floors, pull-cords alarm system– Improving HDB’s rental blocks resided by senior
citizens• Lifts stopping at every lift, handrails, activity
centre
1.6 Looking Ahead
Renewing Old Estates– Upgrading
• Balcony• Utility Room• Improved Lift Lobby• Linkways / Covered
shelters• Communal facilities
– Residents’ choice of upgrading
• 75% agreement required
• Cost of upgrading shared by people and government
Looking Ahead
Large-scale immigration– Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)– Communist takeover in China (1949)
Post-war baby boom No Government planning
– Provision of public housing left to private developers
– Not enough homes built
The Housing Problem2.1
Fire at Shek Kip Mei Christmas Day 1953
– Forced government to be more active in providing public housing
– Eight blocks of flats built in 1954 to settle the fire victims
– More housing estates were also built to resettle people from the fire-prone squatters
– Flats constructed remained overcrowded and lacking of hygiene and facilities
Resettling Squatters and Fire Victims2.2
Rental Housing– Low-cost rental housing scheme for lower-
income families– Involvement of government-financed agencies
– Building flats of higher standard
Temporary Housing Areas (THAs)– For homeless people who were not victims of
natural disasters or residents of squatters– Materials to be provided by government– Became a permanent feature in Hong Kong
Housing Lower-Income Families2.3
The Hong Kong Housing Authority (1973)– To co-ordinate all aspects of public
housing– Self-contained new towns proposed
– Towns having their own facilities
Providing Quality Homes2.4
New Towns– New Territories identified– Villages became large high-rise towns
– Sha Tin– Other problems arose
– Reluctance of employers to set up business in new town due to lack of proper infrastructure
– Workers unwilling to receive lower pay
Providing Quality Homes
Hopes to change from homeless immigrant society to home-owning society– Home Ownership Scheme
– Flats sold at subsidised rates– Sale of flats not allowed within five years
– Private Sector Participation Scheme– Private developers allowed to buy land to
build flats– Prices of flats to be 30-50% lower than
market price– Sale of flats not allowed within five years
Encouraging Home Ownership2.5
Encouraging Home Ownership
1985
%
1990
%
1995
%
% of households –
owner occupants
27.9 35.1 42.6
% of households –
rented
Not Available
Not Available
53.0
Source : www.unchs.org/habrdd/conditions/ eastasia/hongkong.htm
2.5
Conversion of resettlement flats into larger self-contained flats– Building of recreational & educational facilities
– Schools, playgrounds and shopping centres
Redevelopment Programme– Demolishing existing buildings and rebuilding
them into self-contained community estates– Shek Kip Mei
Modernising Old Estates2.6
Welfare premises on the ground floor Sheltered housing on the lower floors Installation of alarm systems
Housing Senior Citizens2.7