Types of Chemical Reactions

Chemical reactions are grouped according to patterns in the chemical formulas.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Two reactants combine to make a larger or more complex product.

SYNTHESIS REACTIONS

SYNTHESIS REACTIONS

An example of a synthesis reaction is:

4 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) 2 Al2O3(s)

SYNTHESIS REACTIONS

Large compounds are broken down into smaller compounds or elements.

DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS

DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS

SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTIONSOne element displaces another element in a compound, producing a new compound and a new element.

A + BC → AC + B

SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS

SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTIONSIn reactions with ionic compounds and metals, the positive ion (cation) is replaced.

Copper + silver nitrate → copper (II) nitrate + silver

Cu(s) + 2 AgNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 Ag

Metals rarely occur naturally as pure elements →

….single displacements often purify metals in order to use them.

SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS

Two elements in different compounds trade places.

Two solutions that undergo a double displacement reaction produce an insoluble compound called a precipitate.

DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS

AB + CD → AD + BC

DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS

An example of a double displacement reaction is

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KI(aq) PbI2(s) + 2 KNO3(aq)

Word Equation?

Word Equation?

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KI(aq) PbI2(s) + 2 KNO3(aq)

Lead (II) nitrate + potassium iodide Lead (II) Iodide + Potassium nitrate

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KI(aq) PbI2(s) + 2 KNO3(aq)

Precipitate?

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KI(aq) PbI2(s) + 2 KNO3(aq)

Precipitate ◦lead (II) iodide, PbI2◦appears as a bright yellow insoluble solid.

Vocabulary

Synthesis ReactionDecomposition Reaction

Single Displacement ReactionDouble Displacement Reaction

Precipitate

HomeworkPg. 243 # 1, 3 – 5

Course Package Pg. 22, 23

Combustion

What is wrong with this video?

A chemical reaction in which the fuel reacts with oxygen

Commonly known as burning Usually results in an oxide and energy (the

flame)

Oxygen is known as an oxidizer

Combustion

If there is enough oxygen, all materials are burned completely

Hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energyCxHy (g) + O2 (g)-> CO2(g) + H2O (g) + energy

Complete Combustion of Hydrocarbons

If there is NOT enough oxygen, all materials are NOT burned completely

Hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + carbon monoxide + carbon + energy

CxHy (g) + O2 (g)-> CO2(g) + H2O (g) + CO(g) + C (s) + energy

Incomplete Combustion of Hydrocarbons

Creates carbon monoxide and

soot

Odourless, colourless gas Highly toxic

◦Carbon dioxide poisoning symptoms are nausea, headache, dizziness and respiratory problems

Maintain your furnace regularly and don’t leave your car running in your garage

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Particles of Carbon

Soot

Element + Oxygen -> Element Oxide + Energy

Hydrogen ◦2H2(g) + O2(g) -> 2H2O(g) + energy

Magnesium◦2Mg(s) + O2 -> 2MgO + energy

Combusting Elements

Gas Tests

If Hydrogen is exposed to a flame it reacts and produces energy in the form of a “POP”

Produces water

Test for Hydrogen

In Oxygen, a flame is encouraged

If a glowing splint enters a test tube of oxygen, it relights

Test for Oxygen

Carbon dioxide smothers a flame

If a flaming splint is exposed to carbon dioxide, the flame extinguishes

Test for Carbon Dioxide

Types of Reactions◦Pg 243 # 2-4, 8

Combustion◦Pg 251 # 2,3,5,6

Read Corrosion – Pg 252-254◦Make point form notes