Types of building gravel.docx

7/24/2019 Types of building gravel.docx

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TYPES OF BUILDING GRAVEL

Bank gravel naturally deposited gravel intermixed with sand or

clay found in and next to rivers and streams

Bench gravel

A bed of gravel located on the side of a valley

above the present stream bottom, indicating

the former location of the stream bed when it

was at a higher level.


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Creek rock:

this is generally rounded, semi-polished stones,

potentially of a wide range of types, that are

dredged or scooped from riverbeds and creek

beds. It is also often used as concrete

aggregate and less often as a paving surface

Crushed stone: rock crushed and graded by screens and then

mixed to a blend of stones and fines. It is widely

used as a surfacing for roads and driveways,

sometimes with tarapplied over it. rushed stopmay be made from granite, limestone,

dolomite, and other rock.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River


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Fine gravel: gravel consisting ofparticles with a diameter of ! to " mm.

Lag gravel: asurface accumulation of coarse gravelproduced by the removal of finer particles.

Pay gravel:also known as#pay dirt#$ a

nickname for gravel with a highconcentration of gold and other precious


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metals. %he metals are recoveredthrough gold panning.

Pea gravel: gravel that consists of small,rounded stones used in concretesurfaces. Also used for walkways,

driveways and as a substrate in homea&uariums.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_panninghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_panning


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Piedmont gravel:a coarse gravel carrieddown from high places by mountain

streams and deposited on relatively flatground, where the water runs more slowly.

Plateau gravel: a layer of gravel on a

plateau or other region above the heightat which stream-terrace gravel is usuallyfound.


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T y

pes of costructionsan

Pit San !"oarse san#$

This type of coarse sand isprocured from deep pits of

abundant supply and it is

generally in red-orange color.

The coarse grain is sharp,angular and certainly free


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from salts which is mostly

employed in concreting.

River Sand: 'iver sand is procured from river

streams and banks and is fine in &uality unlike

pit sand. %his type of sand has roundedgrains generally in white-grey color. 'iver

sand has many uses in the construction

purpose such as plastering


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Sea Sand:As the name suggest, sea sand is

taken from seas shores and it is generally in

distinct brown color with fine circular grains.(ea sand is avoided for the purpose

construction of concrete structure and in

engineering techni&ues because it contains


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salt which tends to absorb moisture from

atmosphere and brings dampness. )ventually

cement also loses its action when mixed withsea sand that is why it is only used for the

local purpose instead of structural

construction.

Types of cements


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Rapid Hardening Cement: Attains high strength in early days it is used

in concrete where form work is removed at an early stage.

uick setting cement: *sed in works is to be completed in very short

period and concreting in static and running water

Lo! Heat Cement: It is used in massive concrete construction like

gravity dams

Sulphates resisting Cement: It is used in construction exposed to

severe sulphate action by water and soil in places like canals linings,

culverts, retaining walls, siphons etc.,

Blast Furnace Slag Cement: It can be used for works economic

considerations is predominant.

High "lumina Cement: It is used in works where concrete is sub+ected

to high temperatures, frost, and acidic action.

#hite Cement: It is more costly and is used for architectural purposes

such as pre-cast curtain wall and facing panels, terrao surface etc.,

Colored cement: %hey are widely used for decorative works in floors

Po$$olanic Cement: It is used in marine structures, sewage works,

sewage works and for laying concrete under water such as bridges,piers, dams etc.,

"ir %ntraining Cement: %his type of cement is specially suited to

improve the workability with smaller water cement ratio and to improve

frost resistance of concrete.

Hydrographic cement: %his cement has high workability and strength.


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Types of &uilding limes


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'atural Hydraulic Lime ('HL): / or atural ydraulic /ime, comes from

limestone that has natural impurities of clay and other minerals, the amount of

impurities within it determines how hard it will set.

Hydraulic lime (HL): onsists of lime and other materials such as cement, blast

furnace slag, limestone filler and other materials that react to harden the mortar. %he

additives do not have to be declared. %his is legally different to a natural hydraulic

lime.

Formulated lime: 0ormulated lime 10/2 0ormulated lime consists of hydrated lime

and3or natural hydraulic lime with added hydraulic or poolanic material. Inclusion

of any cement or cement clinker must be declared and a limited percentage. %his is

legally different to a natural hydraulic lime and formulated lime.

Lime putty: /ime 4utty is the product that has historically been used as the binder

in lime mortars. It has many names, and this sometimes causes issues, for example

it can be known as on ydraulic /ime, 0at /ime or Air 5ried /ime. It is made when

&uicklime is slaked with enough water to make a li&uid and then left to mature for 6months7 into a cottage cheese like consistency.

Hydrated lime: 8ften confused with natural hydraulic lime due to similarity of name

and also being a powder but is not to be used for the same applications. ydrated

/ime is created when &uicklime is added to +ust enough water to slake it into a

powder. It is a lesser form of lime putty, it is usually used as an additive in cement as

a plasticier, and it should never be used as a binder in its own right as it is not

strong enough

uicklime: alcium oxide, or &uicklime, is also known as lump lime %his is the raw

material that is used to make lime putty. 9uicklime is made by burning limestone or

chalk in a kiln. %his drives carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, leaving a veryreactive material, calcium oxide. It is made in a range of sies from lumps down to

very fine powder.

*ypsumis a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate

dehydrate+ !ith the chemical formula CaS,-./H/,0 123 4t can&e used as a fertili$er+ is the main constituent in many forms

of plaster and in &lack&oard chalk+ and is !idely mined0 "

massive fine5grained !hite or lightly tinted variety of

gypsum+ called ala&aster+ has &een used for sculpture &y


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many cultures including "ncient %gypt+ 6esopotamia+

"ncient Rome+ By$antine empire and the 'ottingham

ala&asters of medieval %ngland0 4t is the definition of a

hardness of / on the 6ohs scale of mineral hardness0 4tforms as an evaporate mineral and as a hydration product of

anhydrite0

Types of building gravel.docx

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