Two dimensional echocardiography
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Transcript of Two dimensional echocardiography
![Page 1: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Two DimensionalEchocardiography
Views and Measurements
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Echocardiographic Examination
![Page 3: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Windows (Transducer Location)
1.Parasternal
2.Apical
3.Subcostal
4.Suprasternal
Echocardiographic Examination
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Echocardiographic Examination
![Page 5: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Echocardiographic Examination
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Echocardiographic Examination
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Echocardiographic Examination
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Echocardiographic Examination
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Echocardiographic Examination
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Echocardiographic Examination
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Transducer motion
1.Translation (movement)
2.Tilting or pointing
3.Angulation
4.Rotation
Echocardiographic Examination
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Views
PLAX
RVIT
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Views
PSAX – Aortic Valve
PSAX – Mitral Valve
PSAX – Papillary Muscle
PSAX - Apex
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Views
Apical 4-Chamber
Apical 2-Chamber
Apical 3-Chamber (Apical Long Axis)
Apical 5 Chamber
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Views
Subcostal 4 Chamber
Subcostal 5 Chamber
Subcostal Short Axis
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Views
Suprasternal Long Axis
Suprasternal Short Axis
Right Parasternal View
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Two Dimensional Evaluation
Wall
Thickness Systolic thickening Scarring Systolic motion
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Two Dimensional Evaluation
Septum
Thickness Systolic thickening Scarring Systolic motion
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Two Dimensional Evaluation
Chamber size
Ventricles Atria Aorta Pulmonary artery
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Two Dimensional Evaluation
Valves Thickening Calcification Motion
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Two Dimensional Evaluation
Subvalvular apparatus
Chordae tendinaea Papillary muscle
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Two Dimensional Evaluation
Masses
Thrombus Tumors Vegetations
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Two Dimensional Evaluation
Pericardium
Thickening
Effusion Pericardial Pleural
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PLAX View
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PLAX View
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PLAX View
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PLAX
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• Aortic diameter
• LVOT diameter
• LA dimension
2-D Measurement
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• RVWd
• RVIDd
2-D Measurement
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• IVSd
• IVSs
2-D Measurement
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• LVIDd
• LVIDd index
• LVIDs
• LVIDs index
M-mode Measurement
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• LVPWd
• LVPWs
2-D Measurement
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ESD = LVIDs
EDD = LVIDd
FS= LVIDd - LVIDs LVIDd
Evaluation of LV Systolic Function
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EF = LVIDd3 – LVIDs3 LVIDd3
Evaluation of LV Systolic Function
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RVIT
![Page 36: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
RVIT - Diameter
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PSAX – Aortic Valve
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PSAX – Diameter
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PSAX – Diameter
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PSAX – Mitral Valve
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PSAX – Papillary Muscle
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This is done by tracing the epicardial to calculate the total ventricular volume and the endocardial border to calculate chamber volume.LV mass = 1.05 (total volume – chamber volume)
Evaluation of LV Mass
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Evaluation of LV Mass
Total volume= Total area x length
Chamber volume = Chamber area x Length
Myocardial volume = Total volume – Chamber volume
LV mass = Myocardial volume x density
LV mass = Myocardial volume x 1.05
![Page 44: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
PSAX – Epicardial Border Trace
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PSAX – Endocardial Border Trace
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PSAX - Apex
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Apical – 4 Chamber
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Apical-4 ChamberLV Length
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Apical – 4 ChamberRA and LA Area
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For this method, endocardial borders are traced in apical four-chamber and two-chamber views and are used to define a series of orthogonal diameters (a and b) as follows:
V = (p ) S ai bi x (L) 4 20Using 20 disk for i = 1 to i = 20
This calculation is done by computer software.
Simpson’s Rule
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Simpson’sApical 4-Chamber Diastole
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Simpson’sApical 4-Chamber Diastole
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Simpson’sApical 4-Chamber Systole
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Simpson’sApical 4-Chamber Systole
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Simpson’sApical 2 – Chamber Diastole
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Simpson’sApical 2-Chamber Diastole
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Simpson’sApical 2-Chamber Systole
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Simpson’sApical 2-Chamber Systole
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Apical 5-Chamber
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Apical – Two Chamber
![Page 61: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Apical – Long Axis
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In the short axis view at the base
(MV), the LV is divided into:
1. Anterior wall
2. Lateral wall
3. Posterior wall
4. Inferior wall
5. Interior septal wall
6. Anterior septal wall
Wall Segments
![Page 63: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
In the short axis view at the mid-left
ventricle (the papillary muscle level),
the LV is divided into:
1. Anterior wall
2. Lateral wall
3. Posterior wall
4. Inferior wall
5. Interior septal wall
6. Anterior septal wall
Wall Segments
![Page 64: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
In the short axis view at the apex
the LV is divided into:
1. Anterior wall
2. Postero-lateral wall
3. Inferior wall
Wall Segments
![Page 65: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Wall Segments
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Wall Segments
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Wall Segments
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Wall Segments
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Wall Segments
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Wall Segments
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Subcostal – 4 Chamber
![Page 72: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Subcostal 5-Chamber
![Page 73: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
PSAX - Apex
![Page 74: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Subcostal Short Axis
![Page 75: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Subcostal Short Axis
![Page 76: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Subcostal – Short Axis
![Page 77: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Suprasternal Long Axis
![Page 78: Two dimensional echocardiography](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062420/55b20f4fbb61eb1f398b4610/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Suprasternal Short Axis