Tube Bending Seminar

1Tube Bending SeminarTube Bending Seminar

April 2008April 2008

Viet My Trading Services Construction Co., Ltd

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2Course ObjectivesCourse ObjectivesCourse Objectives Identify the components of the Swagelok hand tube

bender. Explain the purpose of

the three types of marks used in bend layout. the straight tube length mark. adjustment (gain), as well as describe how each method of bend

layout compensates for it.

minimum length of last leg, as well as describe one way this length can be used

Calculate the length of tubing used in an offset.

3Course ObjectivesCourse ObjectivesCourse Objectives Bend tubing into a shape as specified by a template using

the Pre-Measure method of bend layout. Identify five potential bend defects. Bending Exercise.

4Straight TubeLength Mark

Long Handle

Short Handle

Roll Support

Nameplate

Clevis

Bender DieRoll Die

Link

Tube LatchVise Clamp

Block

Hand Tube Bender ComponentsHand Tube Bender ComponentsHand Tube Bender Components

Grip

5Hand Tube Bender Models Hand Tube Bender Models Hand Tube Bender Models

MS-HTB-10M252410MS-HTB-12M313812

MS-HTB-4T13/169/16 1/4

MS-HTB-8M23248MS-HTB-6M 21156

Part NumberMinimum Length of Fitting (mm)

Bender Bend Radius (mm)

Tube OD (mm)Metric

MS-HTB-8 1 3/161 1/21/2MS-HTB-6T 15/1615/163/8 MS-HTB-5 7/815/165/16

MS-HTB-4 13/163/4 1/4

Part NumberMinimum Length of Fitting (in.)

Bender Bend Radius (in.)

Tube OD (in.)Fractional

6Tube Bending VariablesTube Bending VariablesTube Bending Variables The minimum length of tubing required from the

end of the tube to the beginning of the bend The adjustment (gain) of the tubing when a bend

is made Springback and tubing stretch Minimum length of tubing required from the last

bend to the end of the tube

7Tube Bending VariablesTube Bending VariablesTube Bending Variables Changes in direction Bend offsets Tubing material The limitation of the tubing as determined by the

manufacturer

8 When installing fittings near tube bends, you must leave a sufficient length of straight tube to allow it to be bottomed in the Swagelok tube fitting.

R

Bend Radius of Tube Bender

Minimum Length of Straight Tube

Tube OD

R

L

T

L

T

CL

Minimum Length of Straight TubeMinimum Length of Straight TubeMinimum Length of Straight Tube

9The Straight Tube Length MarkThe Straight Tube Length MarkThe Straight Tube Length Mark The straight tube length mark indicates the

minimum length of tubing required from the end of the tube to the beginning of the bend.

L

Straight Tube Length Mark

10

Pre-Measure Method of Bend LayoutPrePre--Measure Method of Bend LayoutMeasure Method of Bend Layout Adjustment (Gain) Calculations

Radius of the Tube Bender

Degree of Bend

045

90

135

180

M S

11

Adjustment (Gain)Adjustment (Gain)Adjustment (Gain)

Vertex (P1)

P22 in.

2 in.

Adjustment (Gain)

Vertex (P1) P2

2 in.

2 in.

12

CL

Adjustment (Gain)Adjustment (Gain)Adjustment (Gain) The larger the bend angle, the larger the

amount of adjustment (gain).

Vertex

2 in.

Reference Mark

Gain

2 in.

Radius

13

1/40.24903/160.20855/320.16801/80.1375

3/320.10703/320.08651/160.06601/160.05551/320.03501/320.0245

negligible0.0130FractionDecimal

Adjustment (Gain)Bend Angle9/16 in. Bend RadiusDecimal Equivalent = 0.56 in.

Adjustment (Gain) Charts Fractional Adjustment (Gain) Charts Adjustment (Gain) Charts Fractional Fractional

14

5/160.32901/40.2685

7/320.21805/320.17751/80.1370

3/320.10653/320.08601/160.06551/320.04501/320.0345


Adjustment (Gain)Bend Angle3/4 in. Bend Radius Decimal Equivalent =0.75 in.


15

13/320.409011/320.33859/320.27807/320.21755/320.17701/80.1365

3/320.10603/320.08551/160.06501/320.0445


Adjustment (Gain)Bend Angle15/16 in. Bend RadiusDecimal Equivalent = 0.94 in.


16

5/80.649017/320.528513/320.428011/320.34759/320.27707/320.21655/320.16601/80.1255

3/320.09501/160.06451/320.0230

FractionDecimalAdjustment (Gain)Bend Angle

1 1/2 in. Bend RadiusDecimal Equivalent = 1.50 in.


17

Compensating for SpringbackCompensating for SpringbackCompensating for Springback

18

Minimum Length of Last LegMinimum Length of Last LegMinimum Length of Last Leg

Correct Incorrect

19

Minimum Length of Last Leg FractionalMinimum Length of Last Leg Minimum Length of Last Leg FractionalFractional

32 1/1621 11/161 1/2902 7/821 7/81 5/81 1/2852 3/41 15/161 13/161 9/161 7/16802 5/81 7/81 3/41 1/21 3/8752 9/161 13/161 11/161 7/161 3/8702 7/161 3/41 5/81 7/161 5/16652 3/81 11/161 9/161 3/81 5/16602 1/41 5/81 1/21 5/161 1/4552 3/161 9/161 7/161 5/161 3/16502 1/161 1/21 7/161 1/41 3/16451 7/81 3/81 5/161 1/81 1/830

1 1/2 (in.)15/16 (in.)15/16 (in.)3/4 (in.)9/16 (in.)Bend Radius

1/2 (in.)3/8 (in.)5/16 (in.)1/4 (in.)1/4 (in.)Tube OD

Bend Angle

20

75555139907252493885695147378066494536756447443570614642346559444133605743393255554138315053403730454737332830

38 (mm)24 (mm)24 (mm)15 (mm)Bend Radius12 (mm)10 (mm)8 (mm)6 (mm)Tube OD

Minimum Length of Last Leg Metric Minimum Length of Last Leg Minimum Length of Last Leg Metric Metric

Bend Angle

21

Changes in Direction and PlaneChanges in Direction and PlaneChanges in Direction and Plane

Directional Mark

Outside Surface of the Bend

22

Offset BendsOffset BendsOffset BendsL = Length of tubing used in the offset (Travel)O = Offset Dimension (Set)E = Offset Angle

2.61322 1/2

1.154601.414452.00030

Offset Bend Allowance

(Cosecant)Offset Angle

(E)

LE

O

LC

LC

23

Operator VariablesOperator VariablesOperator Variables The degree of precision achieved using the

Swagelok hand bender depends, to a large extend, on a persons ability to: accurately make required measurements, calculations,

and measurement marks. consistently make bends to the angles required by the

application inspect the quality of the bend provide adequate care for the bender

As with anything, proficiency is achieved through practice.

24

Marks Used in Bend LayoutMarks Used in Bend LayoutMarks Used in Bend Layout

0 on Roll Support

0 on Bender Die Measurement MarkReference Mark

25

Marks Used in Bend LayoutMarks Used in Bend LayoutMarks Used in Bend Layout Directional Mark

Directional Mark

Outside Surface of the Bend

26

Vertex

Distance from end of tube to the Vertex Distance from Vertex to Vertex

Vertex

Vertex

Bend DimensioningBend DimensioningBend Dimensioning

27

How to Use the Hand Tube BenderHow to Use the Hand Tube BenderHow to Use the Hand Tube Bender

Loading the BenderShort Handle

Tube LatchBender Die

28

How to Use the Hand Tube BenderHow to Use the Hand Tube BenderHow to Use the Hand Tube Bender Loading the Bender

Reference Mark

Tube Latch

Short Handle

29

Correct

(Viewed from Back of Bender)

Incorrect

(Viewed from Back of Bender)

How to Use the Hand Tube BenderHow to Use the Hand Tube BenderHow to Use the Hand Tube Bender

30

Aligning the Tubing Aligning the Tubing Aligning the Tubing There are several marks used for alignment with

the measurement mark. 0

45

R

L

0 on Roll Support

0 on Bender Die

31

Aligning the TubingAligning the TubingAligning the Tubing Some angles are not on the bender faceplate.

32

Aligning the TubingAligning the TubingAligning the Tubing Keep the tubing in the intended plane.

33

SpringbackSpringbackSpringback Remember that the material

will demonstrate Springback, which will affect the degree of the bend.

34

Making Bends 90 or LessMaking Bends 90 or LessMaking Bends 90 or Less Push the short handle down

until the 0 on the roll support reaches the desired degree mark on the nameplate.

Short Handle

35

Making Bends 90 or LessMaking Bends 90 or LessMaking Bends 90 or Less Swing the short handle

up and away from the bender die.

Unlatch the tubing and carefully remove it from the bender groove.

Short Handle

36

Making Bends Greater than 90 Making Bends Greater than 90 Making Bends Greater than 90

Push the short handle down until the 0 on the roll support reaches the desired degree mark on the nameplate.

37

Making Bends Greater than 90 Making Bends Greater than 90 Making Bends Greater than 90 When the roll support reaches

approximately 90, loosen the short handle from the clevis (four turns).

Short Handle

Clevis

38

Making Bends Greater than 90Making Bends Greater than 90Making Bends Greater than 90 Swing the short handle up

until it is slightly above theperpendicular position in relation to the long handle and then retighten.

Short Handle

Long Handle

39

Making Bends Greater than 90Making Bends Greater than 90Making Bends Greater than 90 Continue the bend until

the 0 on the roll support reaches the desired degree mark on the bender die.

40

Practical Demo 1Making 90 bend

Practical Demo Practical Demo 11Making Making 90 bend90 bend

3 in.

P22 in.

Reference Mark

Reference Mark

Measurement Mark

P1

X

Y

P2

41

Practical Demo 2Making Bends Greater than 90Practical Demo Practical Demo 22

Making Bends Greater than 90Making Bends Greater than 90

75mm

180

100 mm

P1

P2

42

Bend LayoutBend LayoutBend Layout 180 bends The first measurement is the distance from the

reference mark on the tubing to P1, the vertex of the bend.

Place a measurement mark 75 mm from the reference mark.

Reference Mark

X

75 mm

P1

43

Bend LayoutBend LayoutBend Layout 180 bends The second measurement is the distance from P1 to the

desired end of the tubing (P2), minus the adjustment (gain) of the bend, plus the diameter of the bender.

Reference Mark

X

P1

117 mm

75 mm

P2

Adjustment (Gain) = 15 mm 0,86 = 12,9

Diameter of bender = 15 mm 2 = 30

Measurement from P1 to P2 =

100 mm 13 mm + 30 mm = 117 mm

44

Bend LayoutBend LayoutBend Layout 180 bends The total length of tubing needed for this example =

75 mm + 117 mm = 192 mm Cut the tubing to 192 mm. 192 mm

P1

117 mm

75 mm

Reference Mark

P2

45

Solutions

Causes

Defect

Align bender die and bend shoe.Reduce latch pressure.

Correct bender size.

Replace or repair bender.Clean bender.Replace damaged roller.



Make sure link is vertical.


Increase wall thickness.

Improper alignmentExcessive pressure on the tube latch

Undersized benderDamaged bender dieDirt or foreign matter in bender dieFrozen roller

Oversized bender

Undersized benderPositioning link in incorrect vertical alignment

Undersized benderThin wall thickness

Excessive DeformationScoredKinkedFlattenedWrinkled

Characteristics of Defective BendsCharacteristics of Defective BendsCharacteristics of Defective Bends

46

Bending ExerciseBending ExerciseBending ExerciseOffset

30 Deg 2.000 X Offset45 Deg 1.414 X Offset60 Deg 1.154 X Offset

90 Deg Adjustment 0.25 = 60 Deg Adjustment 0.065 = 1/1645 Deg Adjustment 0.03125 = 1/32

2

47

Bending ExerciseBending ExerciseBending Exercise P1 = 2.25 P2 = 2.25 + (2.25 0.25) = 4 P3 = 4.25 + (1.414 X 2.125) = 7 P4 = 7.2547 + (2.0625 0.03125) = 9 P5 = 9.2859 + (2.25 0.25) =11 P6 = 11.2859 + (1.25 0.25) = 12 P7 = 12.2859 + (2.25 0.25) = 14

Offset30 Deg 2.000 X Offset45 Deg 1.414 X Offset60 Deg 1.154 X Offset

90 Deg Adjustment 0.25 = 60 Deg Adjustment 0.065 = 1/1690 Deg Adjustment 0.03125 = 1/32

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Tube Bending Seminar

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