TREE DIVERSITY OF

TREE DIVERSITY OF INDIAN HIMALAYAN REGIONG.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (An autonomous Institute of Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, GoI)Kosi – Katarmal, Almora – 263 643

TREE DIVERSITY OF INDIAN HIMALAYAN

REGION

© G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment

CItatIoN Bhatt, D., Chandra Sekar, K. and Kumar, K. (2020). Tree Diversity of Indian Himalayan Region. G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, almora, Uttarakhand, INDIa.

DESIGNED aND PrINtED for

G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment by Companion art and Printers, almora

ISBN: 978-93-5408-274-0

1TREE DIVERSITY OF INDIAN HIMALAYAN REGION

TREE DIVERSITY OF INDIAN HIMALAYAN REGION

Deepika BhattK. Chandra Sekar

Kireet Kumar

G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (An autonomous Institute of Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, GoI)

Kosi – Katarmal, Almora – 263 643www.gbpihed.gov.in

2 TREE DIVERSITY OF INDIAN HIMALAYAN REGION

AcknowledgementThe book has been compiled under Himalayan Research Associate Fellowship Scheme of Mountain Division of the Institute. We thank to Dr. R.S. Rawal, Director, GBP-NIHE for providing facilities and encouragement. His inputs for analysis part were vary valuable. While compiling the inventory of the Indian Himalayan Trees, information has been collected from various sources (literature, herbarium, botanical garden, etc.). We acknowledge all such sources and support received from different Institutions. The support received from Dr. K.V. Satish, Ms. Puja Bhojak, Ms. Poonam Mehta and Ms. Monica Bisht is highly acknowledged. The guidance and support from the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Government of India remained a constant source of inspiration all through this work. Finally, we convey our gratitude to Dr. D.K. Singh, Former Director, Botanical Survey of India and Prof. R.D. Gaur, Former Dean, H.N.B. Garhwal University for their valuable and erudite inputs during the review of the book.

Tree Diversity of Indian Himalayan Region

Year of Publication: 2020

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or any means without prior written permission of the Director, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment.

Front Cover: Quercus semecarpifolia dominated forest in Chaudans Valley, Dharchula, Uttarakhand. Inset (left to right): Grevillea robusta, Cerasus cerasoides, Bauhinia retusa

Back Cover (top to bottom): Lagerstroemia indica, Pittosporum eriocarpum, Butea monosperma, Erythrina suberosa

The Himalaya, a recognized global biodiversity hotspot, harbors rich and unique elements of biodiversity which provide enormous ecosystem services for sustenance of upland and downstream communities. The Himalaya is often described as a forested landscape wherein trees are most conspicuous component. Availability and dominance of tree species defines the structure and functioning of different forest types. However, as for other life-forms, comprehensive details of diversity, availability and status of trees, across Himalayan arc are not available. Therefore, development of conservation and sustainable use practices for diverse floristic elements of Himalayan forests and other vegetation types remain challenging.

Realizing this lack of authentic database on diversity and abundance of plant species across life-forms in Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE) has initiated systematic documentation of plant resources under different life-forms. In this series, documents on tree and shrub diversity of Western Himalaya have been prepared and published in recent years (2016 and 2019, respectively). These documents have proved useful for diverse stakeholders and demand is being raised to extend the scope of such databases for entire IHR.

Considering this demand, the Institute has come up with a detailed documentation of Tree Diversity of IHR under the ‘Himalayan Research Associate’ program of the Mountain Division. It is satisfying to note that Institute has succeeded in compiling information on 1,466 trees in IHR [1,386 angiosperms (1,301 wild, 85 cultivated) and 80 gymnosperms (21 wild, 59 cultivated)]. The document also provides analyses of tree diversity distribution patterns across IHR States and altitude range. The State of Arunachal Pradesh [853 angiosperms (791 wild and 62 cultivated), 54 gymnosperms (18 wild and 36 cultivated)] followed by Meghalaya [874 angiosperms (810 wild and 64 cultivated), 16 gymnosperms (4 wild and 12 cultivated)] and the most tree rich States in IHR. The patterns of altitude distribution and seasonality of flowering and fruiting, along with endemism, threat assessment and use values further adds to the usefulness of this book for wide range of stakeholders.

The book in particular will be extremely useful for master’s students, research scholars, forest managers and nature lovers, who are interested in furthering their knowledge on Himalayan plants. The Institute, especially team of authors, deserves appreciation for continuing with systematic documentation of information on Himalayan biodiversity. I am confident that the readers will enjoy information rich contents of this book. Constructive suggestions from the users of this book will help the Institute in improving future documentations.

(Arvind Kumar Nautiyal)

Foreword

Trees are most conspicuous features of forest systems, which broadly define structure and function of these ecosystems. Therefore, database of trees at local to global scale has great value. However, such authentic databases are most often missing at all levels. The variations in numbers reported are huge, and thereby causing difficulty in planning for management and effective use. Until recently, when Botanical Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), based on a comprehensive analysis of published data sources and expert input, came up with the number of known tree species in the world as 60,065, the estimates were ranging from 45,000 to 100,000. Analysis of this tree database of the world has not only provided information about tree species rich families and countries but also about geographical distribution of endemic species. This analysis, among others, leads to identification of the conservation priorities and status of the world’s tree species. However, realizing that the conservation and management actions are realized at national, sub-national, and

regional levels, there is a need to have similar authentic databases at different spatial scales.

The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is often referred as a forested landscape, so assessment of diversity of tree species in this region assumes high significance. Unfortunately, no attempt has been made to prepare a comprehensive database of tree species of IHR. As a result, evidence based conservation/management planning w.r.t. tree species and forests has not been achieved. Considering this gap, and realizing the wider need, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE) undertook the task of preparing authentic inventory of trees of IHR, and analyse the same for depicting patterns across IHR States and altitude range.

In the above context, it is a matter of great satisfaction that for first time a comprehensive database of tree species (both in wild and cultivation) in IHR has been developed and broadly analysed. This book ‘Tree Diversity of Indian Himalayan Region’ is an outcome of the analysis. The document not only provides authentic list of 1466 tree species found in IHR, but also gives information on their habit, distribution (altitude, IHR states, and global), seasonality of phenophases, and uses. The Information on endemic and threatened species has also been included. Since all these datasets have been analysed for IHR States as well as the altitude belts, information included in this document becomes equally important for researchers, managers, conservation biologists, and policy planners. In particular, assessment of species richness, habit (deciduous/evergreen) across altitude belts in different States provides a good base for effective conservation and management planning in respective states. Similarly, occurrence of endemic and threatened species gives an immediate opportunity for species specific research and conservation actions. Considering this, the document can be utilized for various purposes by different stakeholders.

In view of the above, I congratulate the authors for their sincere and hard work. It is very well understood that there is always a scope for improvement, therefore Institute shall greatly appreciate inputs from the readers to improve the contents in tree species database of IHR.

(R S Rawal)Director

PreFACe


Contents

Foreword 3

Preface 4

Introduction 6

1.1. Forests and forest cover status in IHR 6

1.2. Trees: the key components of the forest 8

1.3. Importance of trees 8

Methodology 9

Enumeration and analysis 10

3.1. Distribution of tree diversity across altitude range 11

3.2. Patterns of Evergreen and Deciduous trees 12

3.3. Seasonality of trees in IHR 14

3.4. Use value of IHR trees 16

3.5. Endemic trees in IHR 16

3.6. Threatened trees of IHR 17

Appendix 1: Database sources 22

References 24

Annexure - I Wild Angiosperm trees of IHR 26

Annexure - II Cultivated Angiosperm trees of IHR 113

Annexure - III Wild Gymnosperm trees of IHR 119

Annexure - IV Cultivated Gymnosperm trees of IHR 121

Pictorial: Prominent Trees of IHR 125


The Himalaya, one amongst the youngest mountain chains in the world, is considered among the most delicate and fragile regions, which is still evolving. Owing to its geodynamic conditions, even small tampering with the geological equilibrium is expected to initiate environmental changes that may eventually increase to alarming proportion (Valdiya, 1993, 1997, 2001). This region also represents one of the Global Biodiversity Hotspot- the Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot (HBH).

The Indian Himalayan Region - IHR, occupies the northern boundary (North west to North east) of the country and stretches over 2,500 km from Jammu and Kashmir in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east. The region covers partially/fully eleven mountainous states and two Union Territories of India [Jammu and Kashmir (UT), Ladakh (UT), Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura and hill districts of Assam and West Bengal] (Figure:1.1). IHR has a total geographical area of approximately 5,31,250 km². The region is characterized with snow clad peaks, dense forests, glaciers, high altitude wetlands and alpine pasture lands (Valdiya, 1998). With this extensive geographical coverage IHR represents a large part of Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot. Richness, representativeness and uniqueness of biodiversity components at all levels (genes, species and ecosystems) in the region is well recognized (Rawal et al., 2013). Among others, IHR is well known for diversity of forest types across its horizontal and vertical extents.

1

23

45

7

8

111213

9

106

Indian HimalayanRegion (IHR)

1. Ladakh2. Jammu and Kashmir3. Himachal Pradesh4. Uttarakhand5. Sikkim6. West Bengal (Darjeeling)7. Arunachal Pradesh8. Nagaland9. Assam (Karbi Anglong &

North Cachar)10. Meghalaya Figure 1.1. IHR- Sketch map (Not to scale)

1.1. Forests and forest cover status in IHRThe Himalaya is often referred as forested landscape. Forests being an integral part of life, support 70% of global terrestrial biodiversity and provide innumerable services i.e. regulate water cycles, maintain soil quality and reduce the risk of natural disasters such as floods and landslides, as well as directly and indirectly support the livelihoods of billions of people on the globe (MEA, 2005; Eliasch, 2008).

The evidences suggest that extent and diversity of Himalayan forests differ significantly from both tropical and temperate forests of the world (Zobel and Singh, 1997). At the beginning of Cenozoic orogeny, the Himalayan ranges were dominantly tropical wet evergreen forests, which were completely replaced later by the modern flora through the drastic changes during the Miocene orogeny. The diversity and richness of the forests and their flora in region is influenced by various bio-geographic regions like Irano-Turanian, Mediterranean, Indo-Chinese, Indian, Malaysia, Eastern-Asiatic, Circumboreal, Australian, Amazonian, Brazilian, Andean, North American and others (Brandis, 1906; Chatterjee, 1939; Samant and Dhar, 1997). In the western Himalayan region (west of 77°E long.), Euro- Mediterranean affinities are well represented while Chinese and Malasian affinities are evident in the eastern Himalayan region (east of 84°E long.). The major forest types of IHR are described below:

1.1.1. Forest types in IHR In the Himalayan region, eleven forest formation types have been described (Singh and Singh, 1987) based on composition of trees as well as elevation, as detailed below:

(i). Submontane broad leaf ombrophilous forest: Submontane broad leaf Ombrophilous Forests are restrained to the eastern Himalaya (below 1000 m), which is broadly similar to tropical rain forest. These forests consist high species richness, higher evergreen elements and multistratal structure. Dipterocarpus, Kayea, Ailanthus, Echinocarpus, Michelia, Terminalia, Stereospermum, Syzygium, Artocarpus are the key genera of this forest type.

(ii). Submontane seasonal broadleaf forest: Forest type is primarily distributed in eastern and central parts having Shorea robusta as the dominant and most extensively distributed species. However, other dominant species are Shorea assamica, Schima wallichii, Stereospermum personatum, Sterculia spp., Lagerstroemia parviflora, Terminalia spp., Machilus villosa, and Anogeissus latifolia. This forest type extends from eastern Himalaya to western Himalaya, excepting Kashmir.

(iii). Submontane broadleaf summer deciduous forest:These forests are distributed well on nutrient-poor and dry

11. Manipur12. Mizoram13. Tripura

INTRODUCTION


sites, but sometimes also in moist areas of western Himalaya on skeletal soil. Albizia procera, Haldina cordifolia, Terminalia spp., Toona ciliata, and Anogeissus latifolia form the canopy while Mallotus philippensis and Ougeinia sp. are found in the understory.

(iv). Low-montane needle-leaf forest with concentrated summer leaf drop:This forest type is found throughout the entire Himalaya, with the exception of Kashmir, between altitudes of 1000 and 1800 m. Pinus kesiya in eastern Himalaya and P. roxburghii in central and Western Himalaya are the key species of the forests.

(v). Low-montane sclerophyllous evergreen broadleaf forest:These are comparatively drier forests, with less monsoonal effects and sparsely distributed in Western part of Himalaya. The dominant genus are Olea, Fraxinus, Aesculus, etc. are the dominant species occurring in the forests.

(vi). Mid- montane broadleaf ombrophilous forest:This forest type is mostly confined to eastern Himalaya between 1500 and 3000 m. The dominant genera are Quercus, Castanopsis, Machilus, Magnolia, Acer, etc. and members of Lauraceae. At higher elevations (2400-2700 m), Quercus pachyphylla, Q. lamellosa, Schima wallichii, Engelhardtia spicata, Alnus nepalensis and Cinnamomum spp. are prevailing.

(vii). Low to mid-montane hemi-sclerophyllous broadleaf forest with concentrated summer leaf drop:Between 1500 and 3000 m., this forest type is well distributed in central and western Himalaya. Quercus leucotrichophora, Q. lanuginosa, Q. floribunda, Q. semecarpifolia with Rhododendron arboreum, Lyonia ovalifolia, and Ilex dipyrena are prevailing in this forests type.

(viii). Mid-montane needle-leaf evergreen Forest:This forest formation is scattered in parts of east Himalayan moist temperate forests as well as of the west Himalayan moist temperate forests. Dominant species are mostly needle-leaved, viz., Cedrus deodara, Pinus wallichiana, Abies pindrow, Picea smithiana (spruce) are in the Western part, and Abies delavayi, Tsuga dumosa in the eastern part.

(ix). Mid-montane winter deciduous forest:These forests are mainly occupying in moist places in the region assigned to mid-montane hemi-sclerophyllous and needle leaf evergreen forests. The dominant species are Aesculus indica, Acer spp., Carpinus viminea, Ulmus wallichiana, Betula alnoides, Pyrus lanata, Juglans regia and Fraxinus micrantha.

(x). High-montane mixed stunted forest:At elevation of above 3000 m., theses forests are free from the monsoonal effects, and the vegetation mainly depend

2019 assessment

States/ UT Geographical area (km2) VdF MdF oF Total

forestPercent of

geographical areaChange in forest

cover w.r.t. ISFR 2017

Arunachal Pradesh 83,743 21,095 30,557 15,036 66,688 79.63 -276

Himachal Pradesh 55,673 3,113 7,126 5,195 15434 27.72 334

Jammu & Kashmir 53258 4,203 7,952 8,967 21,122 39.66 348

Ladakh 1,69,421* 78 660 1,752 2,490 1.47 23

Manipur 22,327 905 6,386 9,556 16,847 75.46 -499

Meghalaya 22,429 489 9,267 7,363 17,119 76.33 -27

Mizoram 21,081 157 5,801 12,048 18,006 85.41 -180

Nagaland 16,579 1,273 4,534 6,679 12,486 75.31 -3

Sikkim 7,096 1,102 1,552 688 3,342 47.1 -2

Tripura 10,486 654 5,236 1,836 7726 73.68 0

Uttarakhand 53,483 5,047 12,805 6,451 24303 45.44 8

Assam Hills 19,295 843 5,649 6,515 13,007 67.41 -96

West Bengal Hills 3,149 721 654 993 2,368 75.2 3

Table 1.1. Forest cover (% of the geographical area) in the IHR

Source: FSI-2019 [*Area of shape file provided by Survey of India (December, 2019). Notified geographical area from SOI awaited]


on snowmelt for their water requirement. Betula utilis, Abies spectabilis, Q. semecarpifolia, Pinus wallichiana are common species in the central and western Himalaya. In the eastern Himalaya, the condition are somewhat moist and Abies densa, Juniperus spp. are the key species.

(xi). Very high-montane scrub (Above 3500 m and up to 4900 m):These forests are occurring at the elevation of above 3500 m and up to 4900 m and virtually limited trees are found in the region and most of the growth forms are shrubs and herbs. Apart from the dominant shrub species, Betula utilis, Juniperus spp. etc are found in the region.

1.1.2. Forest cover in IHRThe forest forms major land use / land cover category in IHR (Joshi and Negi, 2011). Forest cover varies in each state or hilly region considerably from 2,368 km² (West Bengal Hills) to 66,688 Km² (Arunachal Pradesh) (FSI, 2019; Table 1.1). As per the available literature, IHR harbors about 8,000 species of Angiosperms (40% endemic), 44 species of Gymnosperms (15.9% endemic), 600 species of Pteridophytes (25% endemic), 1,737 species of Bryophytes (32.5 % endemic), 1,159 species of Lichens (11.2 % endemic) and 6,900 species of Fungi (27.4 % endemic) (Singh and Hajra, 1996).

India holds 10th position in the world, for its Forest and tree cover with having 23.34% of its total geographic area. The IHR contributes nearly 28% of India’s total forest cover (FSI, 2019).

1.2. Trees: the key components of the forest The forest is a complex ecosystem consisting mainly of trees that buffer the earth and support a myriad of life forms and make a forest rich and healthy. Trees are recognized as most precious gift of nature and savior of earth. They provide various economic benefits and numerous environmental services.

As per the definition given by FAO (1998, 2004), a tree has mainly three characteristics:– It is a woody perennial plant,– with a single main stem or in case of coppice several stems, and– has a more or less definite crown.

There are various definitions of a tree as per the tree types and growth habits, which have evolved variously across different plant families. According to IUCN’s Global Tree Specialist Group (GTSG): tree is a woody plant with usually a single stem growing to a height of at least two meters, or if multi-stemmed, then at

least one vertical stem five centimeters in diameter at breast height.

In the present study, tree is considered as a woody perennial plant having a single pole with minimum height of 5 meters (Delijska and Manoilov, 2004). Cycads, tree ferns, tree-like Poaceae, Bromeliaceae, and Musaceae have been excluded from the inventory. Efforts have been made to include the smaller trees by incorporating country level and regional tree lists in addition to World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Some plant species have variable life-forms, but all species that are recorded growing naturally as a tree somewhere have been included.

1.3. Importance of trees:Tree and forests support the living beings variously for sustaining the life and provide various services i.e. provisioning services, regulating services, supporting services and cultural services etc. From an economic perspective these values are described as below:(a) Direct use values: Consumptive and non-consumptive uses of the forests/trees, e.g. timber, fuel, bush meat, food and medicinal plants, extraction of genetic material and tourism.(b) Indirect use values: Include various forest services such as protection of watersheds and the storage of carbon.(c) Option and existence values: Values reflecting a willingness to pay to conserve the option of making use of the forest even though no current use is made of it.

As such, trees are invariably important as savior of our environment and provider of services for human well being. Trees as major component of forest ecosystem play a crucial role in earth’s life support system, which includes global carbon and hydrological cycle.

Realizing the overall importance of trees, and realizing that effective forest conservation requires species-specific action. Global Tree Search Database (http:/ www. Bgci.org/globaltreesearch.php) has been prepared by Botanical Garden Conservation International (BGCI) reporting total number of trees currently known to science as 60,065 which represents 20% of all angiosperms and gymnosperms (Beech et al., 2017).This work at global level has prompted researchers to come-up with the authentic list of tree species in different countries and/or the regions with larger ecological and economic significance. The present work, therefore, is an attempt to describe tree species diversity of Indian Himalayan Region so as to support conservation and development initiatives in this region.


METHODOLOGY

The aim of the work is to prepare inventory and analyze the patterns of tree diversity in Indian Himalayan Region. Various floras, e-floras and other published and unpublished literature has been consulted for compilation of this inventory (Appendix 1). The inventory has been categorized as, (a). wild trees of angiosperms, (b) wild trees of gymnosperms, (c) cultivated trees of angiosperms, and (d) cultivated trees of gymnosperms. The families of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms are arranged alphabetically following Hutchinson (1973), Cronquist (1981) and APG III (2009) classifications. In each family, the genera are arranged alphabetically followed by species, subspecies and variety with standard author abbreviation following Tropicos (http://www.tropicos.org). Each species/ intraspecific taxon, sub species and variety are also arranged alphabetically. Efforts have been made to provide authentic information on each taxa with basionym (if any). Each table also contains information regarding states of occurrence, altitudinal range (meters), leaf persistence (evergreen/ deciduous), flowering and fruiting seasons (months), flower colour, use values and the worldwide distribution.

All the datasets have been analyzed and enumerated for easy understanding. As the compilation was completed in 2019, before declaration of Ladakh as UT, in the present study, Jammu and Kashmir was considered as one state, including Ladakh (UT) and Jammu & Kashmir (UT). For enumerating the diversity patterns along the altitudinal range, eight altitude belts (<500, 501-1000, 1001-1500, 1501-2000, 2001-2500, 2501-3000, 3001-3500, 3501-4000, >4000) were considered. An analysis of IHR trees has been presented for the leaf persistence habits (evergreen/ deciduous) along the altitudinal range as well as across states. Tree species similarities among the various IHR states have been calculated.

Analysis of functional features such as seasonality of flowering and fruiting has been conducted across six division of the year prevernal (in early spring), vernal (in late spring), aestival (in early summer), serotinal (in late summer), autumnal (in the autumn) and hibernal (in the winter) as well along the altitude belts. Use values of the tree species has been assessed under twelve major use categories. Using available literature, endemic and threatened tree species of the IHR have been identified and analyzed for distribution pattern. Outcomes of all analysis across various parameters have been depicted with appropriate graphics and tables. Each cited reference has been listed at end of the text.

Pinus roxburghii dominated forest (foreground) in snow-capped mountains of Kumaun, Uttarakhand


A total of 1,466 trees in IHR have been documented (1322, 90.2% wild; 144, 9.8% cultivated). Among these, 1,386 taxa are angiosperms (1,301 wild, 85 cultivated) and 80 taxa (21 wild, 59 cultivated) are gymnosperms. Across states, the maximum tree diversity exists in the State of Arunachal Pradesh [853 angiosperms (791 wild and 62 cultivated), 54 gymnosperms (18 wild and 36 cultivated)] followed by Meghalaya [874 angiosperms (810 wild and 64 cultivated), 16 gymnosperms (4 wild and 12 cultivated) (Annexure-I to IV)]. The reported number of trees in different IHR states has been provided in Table 3.1.

IHR JK HP UK SK wB Ar NL MN MZ TR ML AS

Wild angiosperms 1301 224 273 322 633 652 791 666 692 634 449 810 635

Cultivated angiosperms 85 54 59 65 69 54 62 48 65 58 38 64 49

Wild gymnosperms 21 16 16 16 17 11 18 14 16 4 3 4 5

Cultivated gymnosperms 59 33 33 46 33 53 36 44 32 11 6 12 27

Total 1466 327 381 449 752 770 907 772 805 707 496 890 716

Table 3.1. Tree diversity in IHR states

Table 3.2. Tree dominant families (angiosperm) in different states of IHR

IHR-Indian Himalayan Region; JK-Jammu & Kashmir; HP-Himachal Pradesh; UK-Uttarakhand; SK-Sikkim; WB-West Bengal Hills; AR-Arunachal Pradesh; NL-Nagaland; MN-Manipur; MZ-Mizoram; TR-Tripura; ML-Meghalaya; AS-Assam Hills

Across IHR, the wild angiosperms tree taxa are represented by 1,242 species, 16 subspecies and 43 varieties; while the cultivated ones comprise of 84 species and 1 variety. Wild gymnosperms are represented by 21 species and cultivated by 59 species.

Analysis was also made to check the tree diversity across the families. Lauraceae (131) among angiosperm and Pinaceae (12) in gymnosperm are the most tree rich families in the IHR among wild trees. Among cultivated trees, Myrtaceae (13) in angiosperms and Pinaceae (19) in gymnosperms are the most species rich families. The detailed analysis of tree rich families in various IHR states is represented in Table 3.2 and 3.3. Further, tree species rich genera in IHR were also analyzed. Ficus with 40 tree species was found the most tree species rich genera followed by Diospyros (29 species), Litsea (28 species), Quercus (23 species), Syzygium (22 species), Acer (21 species), Persea and Symplocos (20 species),

Elaeocarpus and Cinnamomum (17 species), Lindera (16 species) and Rhododendron (15 species). The most tree rich genera are frequently occurring in temperate forest zone.

Region/ States Wild Cultivated

Angiosperms

IHR Lauraceae (131), Fabaceae (90), Rosaceae (54), Fagaceae (51), Moraceae (51) Myrtaceae (13), Rutaceae (10), Rosaceae (9)

JK Fabaceae (27), Moraceae (14), Anacardiaceae (13), Sapinda-ceae (12), Oleaceae (9) Rosaceae (9), Myrtaceae, Rutaceae (6), Fabaceae (5)

HP Fabaceae (29), Moraceae (17), Sapindaceae (15), Anacardia-ceae, Lauraceae (13), Fagaceae (11) Myrtaceae, Rosaceae (9), Rutaceae (7), Fabaceae (5)

UK Fabaceae (30), Moraceae (25), Lauraceae (19), Sapindaceae (16), Malvaceae (14)

Myrtaceae, Rosaceae (9), Rutaceae (7), Fabaceae, Magnoli-aceae (5)

SK Lauraceae (52), Fabaceae (39), Moraceae, Rosaceae (36), Rubiaceae (27), Fagaceae (25) Myrtaceae (10), Rosaceae (9), Magnoliaceae, Rutaceae (7)

wB Lauraceae, Fabaceae (45), Moraceae (38), Rosaceae (37), Myrtaceae (28), Fagaceae (27) Rosaceae (8), Rutaceae (6), Fabaceae (5)

ENUMERATION AND ANALYSIS


Ar Lauraceae (75), Fabaceae (61), Moraceae (36), Rosaceae (33), Fagaceae, Rubiaceae (29) Myrtaceae (9), Rosaceae (7), Rutaceae (6)

NL Lauraceae (46), Myrtaceae (28), Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Mora-ceae (27), Sapindaceae (21) Rutaceae (8), Rosaceae (7), Fabaceae, Myrtaceae (4)

MN Fabaceae (53), Lauraceae (48), Moraceae (32), Rubiaceae (28), Rosaceae (27), Fagaceae (26) Myrtaceae, Rosaceae (9), Rutaceae (7), Fabaceae (5)

MZ Fabaceae (50), Lauraceae (48), Moraceae (32), Rubiaceae (30), Fagaceae (23), Rosaceae (20) Rutaceae (8), Magnoliaceae, Rosaceae (6), Fabaceae (5)

TR Fabaceae (45), Moraceae (25), Rubiaceae (24), Euphorbiace-ae (23), Lauraceae (23), Ebenaceae (15) Myrtaceae (7), Fabaceae (4), Anacardiaceae (3)

ML Lauraceae (76), Fabaceae (59), Moraceae (40), Fagaceae, Myrtaceae, Rosaceae (30)

Rutaceae (9), Magnoliaceae, Myrtaceae (7), Rosaceae (6), Fabaceae (5)

AS Fabaceae, Lauraceae (51), Moraceae, Rubiaceae (31), Rosa-ceae (27), Myrtaceae (21), Euphorbiaceae (20) Rutaceae (8), Rosaceae (6), Fabaceae (5)

3.1. Distribution of tree diversity across altitude rangeAnalysis of species diversity shows maximum tree diversity at 501-1000 m altitude band, while a gradual decrease was apparent in higher altitude bands. The patterns were invariably similar in different states (Table 3.4). Out of total

1,301 wild angiosperm trees, over 67% are represented in 501-1000 m altitude range. While gymnosperms show their maximum diversity in the attitude range of 2501-3000 m (95%). The following tables (Table 3.4, 3.5) are representing trees concentration with their number as well percent values at different altitude bands in various Himalayan states.

Table 3.3. Tree dominant families (gymnosperm) in different states of IHRRegion/ States Wild Cultivated

Gymnosperms

IHR Pinaceae (12), Cupressaceae (7), Taxaceae (2) Pinaceae (19), Cupressaceae (15), Podocarpaceae (7)

JK Pinaceae (8), Cupressaceae (7), Taxaceae (1) Cupressaceae (14), Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, Taxodiaceae (4), Pinaceae (3)

HP Pinaceae (8), Cupressaceae (7), Taxaceae (1) Cupressaceae (14), Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, Taxodiaceae (4), Pinaceae (3)

UK Pinaceae (8), Cupressaceae (7), Taxaceae (1) Pinaceae (16), Cupressaceae (14), Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, Taxodiaceae (4)

SK Pinaceae (10), Cupressaceae (6), Taxaceae (1) Cupressaceae, Pinaceae (13), Araucariaceae (2)

wB Pinaceae (7), Cupressaceae (3), Taxaceae (1) Pinaceae (16), Cupressaceae (14), Podocarpaceae (6)

Ar Pinaceae (10), Cupressaceae (6), Taxaceae (2) Pinaceae (13), Cupressaceae (9), Cycadaceae (4)

NL Pinaceae (8), Cupressaceae (5), Taxaceae (1) Cupressaceae (12), Pinaceae (11), Podocarpaceae (7)

MN Pinaceae (9), Cupressaceae (6), Taxaceae (1) Pinaceae (12), Cupressaceae (7), Cycadaceae, Podocarpaceae (4)

MZ Cupressaceae, Pinaceae (2) Pinaceae (4), Cycadaceae (3), Podocarpaceae (1)

TR Cupressaceae (2) Cupressaceae, Cycadaceae (2), Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae (1)

ML Cupressaceae, Pinaceae (2) Pinaceae (4), Cupressaceae, Cycadaceae (3), Taxodiaceae (1)

AS Pinaceae (3), Cupressaceae (2) Pinaceae (10), Podocarpaceae (5), Cupressaceae, Cycadaceae (3)


3.2. Patterns of Evergreen and Deciduous treesWhile analyzing the evergreen/ deciduous elements of IHR, prominence of evergreen tree species (55.9%) is apparent (Table 3.6). However, on east to west transition, a gradual decline of evergreenness and increase of deciduous species diversity is characteristic (Table 3.6). Minimum proportion of evergreen tree species was therefore recorded for Jammu

and Kashmir (28.57%), the extreme north- western state of IHR. Analysis of evergreen/ deciduous angiosperm tree flora of IHR states across the altitude range is presented in the Table 3.7. Cultivated angiosperm trees (Table 3.8) also presents the same trends of evergreen/ deciduousness while the entire wild gymnosperms tree flora falls in evergreen category. There were three deciduous (Ginkgo biloba,

<500 (%)

501-1000 (%)

1001-1500 (%)

1501-2000 (%)

2001-2500 (%)

2501-3000 (%)

3001-3500 (%)

3501-4000 (%)

>4000 (%)

IHR 476 (36.59) 886 (68.10) 811 (62.34) 558 (42.89) 335 (25.75) 166 (12.76) 48 (3.69) 13 (1.00) 1 (0.08)

JK 93 (41.52) 143 (63.84) 132 (58.93) 121 (54.02) 82 (36.61) 48 (21.43) 16 (7.14) 3 (1.34) 1 (0.45)

HP 102 (37.36) 174 (63.74) 169 61.90) 152 (55.68) 101 (37.00) 57 (20.88) 18 (6.59) 3 (1.10) 1 (0.37)

UK 131 (40.68) 215 (66.77) 199 61.80) 167 (51.86) 108 (33.54) 60 (18.63) 20 (6.21) 5 (1.55) 1 (0.31)

SK 245 (38.70) 406 (64.14) 385 (60.82) 297 (46.92) 189 (29.86) 102 (16.11) 36 (5.69) 10 (1.58) 1 (0.16)

wB 248 (38.04) 426 (65.34) 414 (63.50) 303 (46.47) 188 (28.83) 105 (16.10) 39 (5.98) 11 (1.69)

Ar 314 (39.70) 542 (68.52) 480 (60.68) 352 (44.50) 203 (25.66) 98 (12.38) 33 (4.17) 8 (1.01) 1 (0.13)

NL 269 (40.39) 462 (69.37) 407 61.11) 292 (43.84) 170 (25.53) 86 (12.91) 26 (3.90) 5 (0.75)

MN 279 (40.32) 461 (66.62) 409 (59.10) 307 (44.36) 194 (28.03) 94 (13.58)

MZ 263 (41.48) 469 (73.97) 419 (66.09) 280 (44.16)

TR 263 (58.57) 443 (98.66)

ML 330 (40.74) 574 (70.86) 525 64.81) 370 (45.68)

AS 270 (42.52) 467 (73.54) 410 (64.57) 271 (42.68)

Table 3.4. Wild trees (angiosperm) richness at different altitudinal ranges

Table 3.5. Wild trees (gymnosperm) richness at different altitudinal rangesRegion/ States

501-1000 (%)

1001-1500 (%)

1501-2000 (%)

2001-2500 (%)

2501-3000 (%)

3001-3500 (%)

3501-4000 (%)

>4000 (%)

IHR 3 (14.29) 3 (14.29) 6 (28.57) 16 (76.19) 20 (95.24) 10 (47.62) 2 (9.52) 1 (4.76)

JK 3 (18.75) 3 (18.75) 4 (25.00) 11 (68.75) 15 (93.75) 7 (43.75) 1 (6.25) 1 (6.25)

HP 3 (18.75) 3 (18.75) 4 (25.00) 11 (68.75) 15 (93.75) 7 (43.75) 1 (6.25) 1 (6.25)

UK 3 (18.75) 3 (18.75) 4 (25.00) 11 (68.75) 16 (93.75) 8 (43.75) 1 (6.25) 1 (6.25)

SK 3 (17.65) 3 (17.65) 4 (23.53) 11 (64.71) 16 (94.12) 9 (52.94) 2 (11.76) 1 (5.88)

wB 3 (27.27) 3 (27.27) 4 (36.36) 9 (81.82) 10 (90.91) 4 (36.36)

Ar 3 (16.67) 3 (16.67) 4 (22.22) 12 (66.67) 17 (94.44) 9 (50.00) 2 (11.11) 1 (5.56)

NL 3 (21.43) 3 (21.43) 4 (28.57) 9 (64.29) 12 (85.71) 6 (42.86)

MN 3 (18.75) 3 (18.75) 4 (25.00) 11 (68.75) 15 (93.75) 7 (43.75)

MZ 3 (75.00) 3 (75.00) 4 (100.00) 4 (100.00)

TR 3 (100.00) 3 (100.00)

ML 3 (75.00) 3 (75.00) 4 (100.00) 4 (100.00)

AS 3 (60.00) 3 (60.00) 4 (80.00) 5 (100.00)


Regi

on/

Stat

es<5

0050

1-10

0010

01-1

500

1501

-200

025

01-3

000

3001

-350

035

01-4

000

>400

0

de

de

de

de

de

de

de

de

de

IHR

245

(51.

47)

231

(48.

52)

398

(44.

92)

488

(55.

07)

335

(41.

27)

476

(58.

77)

247

(44.

17)

311

(55.

83)

155

(46.

27)

180

(53.

73)

83 (50)

83

(50)

30(6

2.50

)18

(3

7.50

)6

(46.

15)

7(5

3.85

)1 (50)

0

JK70

(7

5.27

)23

(2

4.73

)10

1 (7

0.63

)42

(2

9.37

)91

(6

8.92

)41

(3

1.06

)84

(6

9.42

)37

(3

0.57

)57

(6

9.51

)25

(3

0.48

)34

(7

0.83

)14

(2

9.17

)12

(75)

4 (2

5)1

(33.

33)

2 (6

6.67

)1

(100

)

HP78

(7

6.47

)24

(2

3.52

)12

0 (6

9.96

)54

(3

0.64

)11

2 (6

6.27

)57

(3

3.72

)10

5 (6

9.07

)47

(3

0.92

)69

(6

8.31

)32

(3

1.68

)38

(6

6.67

)19

(3

3.33

)14

(7

7.76

)4

(3

3.36

)1

(33.

33)

2 (6

6.67

)1

(100

)0

UK90

(6

8.70

)41

(3

1.29

)13

3 (6

1.86

)82

(3

8.14

)11

6 (5

8.29

)83

(4

1.71

)10

1 (6

0.47

)66

(3

9.52

)65

(6

0.18

)43

(3

9.81

)37

(6

1.66

)23

(3

8.33

)15

(75)

5 (2

5)2

(40)

3 (6

0)1

(100

)0

SK12

5 (5

1.02

)12

0 (4

8.98

)18

3 (4

5.07

)22

3 (5

4.93

)16

9 (4

3.90

)21

6 (5

6.10

)14

2 (4

7.81

)15

5 (5

2.19

)92

(4

8.68

)97

(5

1.32

)53

(5

1.96

)49

(4

8.04

)23

(6

3.89

)13

(3

6.11

)4

(40)

6 (6

0)1

(100

)0

wB

119

(47.

98)

129

(52.

02)

186

(43.

66)

240

(56.

34)

173

(41.

79)

241

(58.

21)

138

(45.

54)

165

(54.

46)

90

(47.

87)

98

(52.

13)

56

(53.

33)

49

(46.

67)

24

(61.

54)

15

(38.

46)

5 (4

5.45

)6

(54.

55)

0

Ar15

8 (5

0.32

)15

6 (4

9.68

)24

2 (4

4.55

)30

0 (5

5.45

)19

6 (4

0.71

)28

4 (5

9.29

)15

1 (4

2.74

)20

1 (5

7.26

)90

(4

4.33

)11

3 (5

5.67

)48

(4

8.98

)50

(5

1.02

)18

(5

4.55

)15

(4

5.45

)4

(50)

4 (5

0)1

(100

)

NL13

6 (5

0.56

)13

3 (4

9.44

)20

6 (4

4.59

)25

6 (5

5.41

)17

0 (4

1.77

)23

7 (5

8.23

)12

7 (4

3.49

)16

5 (5

6.51

)80

(4

7.06

)90

(5

2.94

)46

(5

3.49

)40

(4

6.51

)18

(6

9.23

)8

(30.

77)

3 (6

0)2

(40)

0

MN

147

(52.

68)

132

(47.

31)

214

(46.

42)

247

(53.

58)

169

(41.

32)

240

(58.

67)

130

(42.

34)

177

(57.

65)

88

(45.

36)

106

(54.

63)

45

(47.

87)

50

(53.

19)

MZ

130

(49.

43)

133

(50.

57)

199

(42.

43)

270

(57.

56)

162

(38.

66)

257

(61.

33)

114

(40.

71)

166

(59.

28)

TR13

2 (5

0.19

)13

1 (4

9.81

)19

5 (4

4.02

)24

8 (5

5.98

)

ML

161

(48.

78)

169

(51.

21)

240

(41.

81)

334

(58.

18)

202

(38.

3)32

3 (6

1.7)

159

(42.

97)

211

(57.

02)

AS14

1 (5

2.22

)12

9 (4

7.78

)21

3 (4

5.61

)25

4 (5

4.39

)17

4 (4

2.44

)23

6 (5

7.56

)11

8 (4

3.54

)15

3 (5

6.46

)

Tabl

e 3.7.

Dive

rsity

of De

cidu

ous/

Ever

gree

n tre

es (a

ngio

sper

ms)

alon

g the

altit

udin

al ra

nge

(val

ues i

n pa

rent

hesis

– p

erce

ntag

e)


Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Taxodium mucronatum) and 60 evergreen tree flora among cultivated gymnosperms.

3.3. Seasonality of trees in IHROutcome of analysis for broad phonological events (flowering and fruiting) of wild angiospermic taxa, across six active seasons [Prevernal (Feb- Mar), Vernal (Apr- May), Aestival (Jun- Jul), Serotinal (Aug- Sep), Autumn (Oct- Nov), Hibernal (Dec- Jan)] are presented in Table 3.13. As apparent,

Region/States Total Deciduous (%) Evergreen (%)

IHR 1301 574 (44.12) 727 (55.88)

JK 224 160 (71.43) 64 (28.57)

HP 273 190 (69.60) 83 (30.40)

UK 322 201 (62.42) 121 (37.58)

SK 633 295 46.60) 338 (53.40)

wB 652 294 (45.09) 358 (54.91)

Ar 791 343 (43.36) 448 (56.64)

NL 666 294 (44.14) 372 (55.86)

MN 692 309 (44.65) 383 (55.35)

MZ 634 269 (42.43) 365 (57.57)

TR 449 199 (44.32) 250 (55.68)

ML 810 338 (41.73) 472 (58.27)

AS 635 286 (45.04) 349 (54.96)

Table 3.6. Diversity of Deciduous/ Evergreen wild (angiosperm) trees in IHR

Region/States

Total Deciduous (%) Evergreen (%)

IHR 85 37 (43.53) 48 (56.47)

JK 54 26 (48.15) 28 (51.85)

HP 59 26 (44.07) 33 (55.93)

UK 65 30 (46.15) 35 (53.85)

SK 69 35 (50.72) 34 (49.28)

wB 54 30 (55.56) 24 (44.44)

Ar 62 30 (48.39) 32 (51.61)

NL 48 23 (47.92) 25 (52.08)

MN 65 32 (49.23) 33 (50.77)

MZ 58 28 (48.28) 30 (51.72)

TR 38 17 (44.74) 21 (55.26)

ML 64 31 (48.44) 33 (51.56)

AS 49 25 (51.02) 24 (48.98)

Table 3.8. Diversity of Deciduous/ Evergreen cultivated (angiosperm) trees in IHR

Vernal (74.10%) followed by Aestival (44.50%) are the peak flowering seasons in IHR. However maximum fruiting taxa were also Vernal (74.25%) and Aestival (44.20%).

An analysis of phenological events was also done across the altitudinal belts in IHR. In all the six seasons, maximum flowering as well fruiting taxa were occurred in the altitudinal belt 501-1000 followed by 1001-1500, <500, 1501-2000, 2001-2500, 2501-3000, 3001-3500 and 3501-4000 (Table 3.14, 3.15 ).

States JK HP UK SK wB Ar NL MN MZ TR ML AS

JK 100 95.09 97.32 73.66 73.66 74.55 59.38 70.09 59.38 45.09 67.86 64.29

HP 100 91.58 67.03 67.77 69.23 52.75 65.20 52.01 39.56 63.00 58.97

UK 100 70.19 67.08 70.81 55.28 66.46 55.59 40.68 66.15 62.11

SK 100 75.67 74.57 62.09 72.35 58.93 40.13 75.99 62.40

wB 100 74.08 63.34 71.63 62.42 41.41 74.54 63.19

Ar 100 61.39 71.39 60.63 41.01 72.66 53.92

NL 100 68.17 63.06 46.10 75.98 59.46

MN 100 66.14 45.44 73.81 56.01

MZ 100 50.79 77.13 66.25

TR 100 79.06 68.82

ML 100 64.20

AS 100

Table 3.9. Similarity in wild angiosperms



JK 100 100 100 93.75 68.75 87.50 87.50 93.75 25.00 18.75 31.25 25.00

HP 100 100 93.75 68.75 87.50 87.50 93.75 25.00 18.75 31.25 25.00

UK 100 93.75 68.75 87.50 87.50 93.75 25.00 18.75 31.25 25.00

SK 100 64.71 94.12 82.35 88.24 23.53 17.65 29.41 23.53

wB 100 90.91 100 100 36.36 27.27 45.45 36.36

Ar 100 72.22 77.78 22.22 16.67 22.22 22.22

NL 100 100 28.57 21.43 35.71 28.57

MN 100 25.00 18.75 31.25 25.00

MZ 100 75.00 100 100

TR 100 100 100

ML 100 100

AS 100

Table 3.10. Similarity in wild gymnosperms


JK 100 98.15 98.15 90.74 77.78 79.63 70.37 83.33 72.22 50.00 79.63 70.37

HP 100 93.22 91.53 76.27 79.66 69.49 83.05 71.19 47.46 77.97 69.49

UK 100 89.23 73.85 80.00 69.23 81.54 7.08 49.23 7.85 66.15

SK 100 73.91 82.61 62.32 84.06 71.01 4.35 81.16 72.31

wB 100 92.59 79.63 88.89 79.63 51.85 88.89 79.63

Ar 100 69.35 87.10 75.81 48.39 85.48 69.35

NL 100 83.33 77.08 50.00 87.50 83.33

MN 100 76.92 52.31 7.69 66.15

MZ 100 55.17 86.21 68.97

TR 100 78.95 68.42

ML 100 71.88

AS 100


JK 100 100 100 60.61 100 60.61 78.79 48.48 9.09 6.06 12.12 42.42

HP 100 100 60.61 100 60.61 78.79 48.48 9.09 6.06 12.12 42.42

UK 100 58.70 95.65 60.87 71.74 52.17 10.87 4.35 13.04 43.48

SK 100 87.88 72.73 78.79 69.70 15.15 9.09 24.24 45.45

wB 100 64.15 75.47 56.60 20.75 11.32 22.64 50.94

Ar 100 83.33 72.22 25.00 13.89 30.56 55.56

NL 100 61.36 22.73 13.64 25.00 45.45

MN 100 31.25 18.75 31.25 59.38

MZ 100 54.55 72.73 90.91

TR 100 83.33 83.33

ML 100 66.67

AS 100

Table 3.11. Similarity in cultivated angiosperms

Table 3.12. Similarity in cultivated gymnosperms


3.4. Use value of IHR treesTrees serve variously for sustenance of human being. Out of total 1,466 trees, 280 trees are recorded as fodder, 277 trees are used for medicinal purposes, 208 edible, 167 fuel and 137 are utilized for timber.

3.5. Endemic trees in IHRThe plant species, which are confined to a defined geographic unit such as an island/nation or habitat type and are not found elsewhere, are known as endemic. Endemism refers to the restricted distribution of a species in a particular biogeographical province or on a single island or mountain top or even a single rock outcrop (Huston 1994). Physical,

Season Flowering taxa Fruiting taxa

Prevernal (Feb- Mar) 529 (40.66%) 545 (41.89%)

Vernal (Apr- May) 964 (74.10%) 966 (74.25%)

Aestival (Jun- Jul) 579 (44.50%) 575 (44.20%)

Serotinal (Aug- Sep) 279 (21.45%) 268 (20.60%)

Autumn (Oct- Nov) 180 (13.84%) 170 (13.07%)

Hibernal (Dec- Jan) 172 (13.22%) 175 (13.45%)

Table 3.13. Seasonality of trees in IHR

Season <500 501-1000 1001-1500 1501-2000 2001-2500 2501-3000 3001-3500 3501-4000 >4000

Prevernal (Feb- Mar)

231 (43.67)

397 (75.05)

325 (61.44)

208 (39.32)

110 (20.79)

43 (8.13)

7 (1.32)

1 (0.19)

Vernal (Apr- May)

357 (37.03)

651 (67.53)

602 (62.45)

424 (43.98)

259 (26.87)

133 (13.80)

42 (4.36)

12 (1.24)

Aestival (Jun- Jul)

199 (34.37)

374 (64.59)

366 (63.21)

255 (44.04)

154 (26.60)

78 (13.47)

27 (4.66)

10 (1.73)

1(0.17)

Serotinal (Aug- Sep)

99 (35.48)

198 (70.91)

197 (70.61)

133 (47.67)

73 (26.16)

31 (11.11)

6 (2.15)

4 (5.73)

Autumn (Oct- Nov)

64 (35.56)

130 (72.22)

116 (64.44)

78 (73.89)

43 (23.89)

17 (9.44)

1 (0.56)

Hibernal (Dec- Jan)

76 (44.19)

133 (77.33)

105 (61.05)

64 (37.21)

30 (17.44)

13 (7.56)

1 (0.58)

Season <500 501-1000 1001-1500 1501-2000 2001-2500 2501-3000 3001-3500 3501-4000 >4000

Prevernal (Feb- Mar)

236 (43.30)

409 (75.05)

334 (61.28)

213 (39.08)

110(20.18)

43(7.89)

7 (1.28)

1(0.18)

Vernal (Apr- May)

360 (37.27)

650 (67.29)

602 (62.32)

418 (43.27)

256 (26.50)

135(13.98)

41 (4.24)

12 (1.24)

Aestival (Jun- Jul)

199 (34.61)

371 (64.52)

379 (65.91)

275 (47.83)

154 (26.78)

80(13.91)

26 (4.52)

9 (1.57)

1(0.17)

Serotinal (Aug- Sep)

96 (35.82)

190 (70.90)

195 (72.76)

124 (46.27)

70(26.12)

28 (10.45)

6(2.24)

4 (1.49)

1 (0.37)

Autumn (Oct- Nov)

60 (35.29)

121 (71.18)

110 (64.71)

74 (43.53)

43(25.29)

18(10.59)

2(1.18)

Hibernal (Dec- Jan)

77 (44.0)

136 (77.71)

109 (62.29)

68 (38.86)

32(18.29)

13(7.43)

2(1.14)

Table 3.14. Flowering pattern of wild angiosperms across the altitudinal belts

Table 3.15. Fruiting pattern of wild angiosperms across the altitudinal belts


climatic, and biological factors can contribute to determine endemism of plants. Endemism characterizes the history of past vegetation, identify taxonomic relationships, floristic regions, determine optimal design of conservation units and prioritize conservation strategies (Richardson, 1978; Street, 1978; Dhar & Kachroo, 1983; Gentry, 1986; Takhtajan, 1986; Dhar, 2002).

India is one of the mega biodiversity countries of the world, with huge diversity in topographical, climatic and habitats. A total of 18,043 species, 296 subspecies, 2,215 varieties, 33 sub varieties and 70 forma of angiosperms, 75 species of gymnosperms and 1,268 species of pteridophytes are reported in India (Singh and Dash, 2018; Singh et al., 2015), which amounts to over 11% of the total recorded plant species in the world.

Among the total tree taxa occurring in IHR, 99 (98 Angiosperms, 1 Gymnosperm) taxa (90 species, 1 subspecies, 8 varieties) are endemic to Indian Himalayan Region accounting around seven percent of their total tree diversity

(Table 3.16). Sterculia khasiana King is considered as extinct by IUCN, thus not listed in the table. Family Lauraceae (42) shows the maximum number of endemic trees followed by Fabaceae (07), Pandanaceae, Rosaceae (04 each) and Myrtaceae (03) (Figure 3.7). Sikkim has most endemic trees (4.88 %) followed by Assam hills (4.79%), Arunachal Pradesh (4.68%) and Meghalaya (4.36%) of their total tree diversity.

3.6. Threatened trees of IHRThe International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assesses the threat status of species, which are grouped under three categories, depending on the degree to which they are threatened, Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN), Critically endangered (CR).

Less-than-threatened categories are near threatened, least concern and the no longer assigned category of conservation dependent. Species which have not been evaluated (NE), or do not have sufficient data or data deficient (DD) also are not considered “threatened” by the IUCN.

endemic taxa Distribution in IHR statesAnacardiaceae

Cotinus kanaka (R.N.De) D.Chandra Meghalaya

Mangifera khasiana Pierre Meghalaya, Sikkim

Toxicodendron bimannii Barbhuiya Assam hills

Annonaceae

Goniothalamus simonsii Hook. f. & Thomson Assam hills, Meghalaya

Miliusa dolichantha Craib Arunachal Pradesh, Assam hillsAquifoliaceae

Ilex clarkei Loes. Manipur

Ilex khasiana Purkay. Manipur, Meghalaya

Ilex venulosa Hook. f. Meghalaya

Burseraceae

Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Assam hills, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Uttarakhand, West Bengal Hills

Celastraceae

Euonymus lawsonii C.B. Clarke ex Prain Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya

Maytenus sikkimensis D.C.S. Raju & Babu Sikkim, West Bengal Hills

Clusiaceae

Garcinia lanceifolia var. oxyphylla (Planch. & Triana) Laness. Assam hills, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura

Table 3.16. Endemic trees in IHR


ebenaceaeDiospyros kanjilali Duthie Assam hillseuphorbiaceae

Excoecaria acerifolia var. cuspidata (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg. Meghalaya

Lasiococca symphyllifolia (Kurz) Hook. f. Sikkim

Fabaceae

Albizia arunachalensis K.C. Sahni & H.B. Naithani Arunachal Pradesh

Archidendron arunachalense S.S.Dash & Sanjappa Arunachal Pradesh

Archidendron nielsenianum S.S. Dash & Sanjappa Arunachal Pradesh

Dalbergia wattii C.B.Clarke Manipur

Gleditsia assamica Bor Arunachal Pradesh, Assam hills, Meghalaya, Nagaland

Gymnocladus assamicus Kanj. ex P.C. Kanj. Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya

Ormosia assamica Yakovlev Arunachal Pradesh, Assam hills

Fagaceae

Lithocarpus kamengensis K.C.Sahni et H.B. Naithani Arunachal Pradesh

Lithocarpus listeri (King ex Hook. f.) Grierson & D.G. Long Arunachal Pradesh, Assam hills

Ixonanthaceae

Ixonanthes khasiana Hook.f. Assam hills, Meghalaya

Lamiaceae

Premna milleflora C.B. Clarke Arunachal Pradesh, Assam hills, Mizoram

Lauraceae

Actinodaphne obovata var. wattii King Manipur

Actinodaphne reticulata Meisn. Meghalaya

Actinodaphne sikkimensis Meisn. Sikkim

Alseodaphne owdeni R. Parker Assam hills, Meghalaya

Alseodaphne petiolaris (Meisn.) Hook. f. Assam hills, Meghalaya, Mizoram

Beilschmiedia aborensis Kosterm. Arunachal Pradesh

Beilschmiedia clarkei Hook. f. Sikkim

Beilschmiedia deomalica Bennet & Sum. Chandra Arunachal Pradesh

Beilschmiedia gammieana King ex Hook. f. Meghalaya

Cinnamomum bhaskarii M. Gangop. Arunachal Pradesh

Cinnamomum bishnupadae M. Gangop. Meghalaya

Cinnamomum glanduliferum (Wall.) Meisn. Arunachal Pradesh

Cinnamomum lohitensis M. Gangop. Assam hills


Cinnamomum sanjappae M. Gangop. Arunachal Pradesh

Cinnamomum suvrae M. Gangop. Meghalaya

Cryptocarya burkillii M. Gangop. Arunachal Pradesh

Cryptocarya cavei M.Gangop. & Chakrab. West Bengal hills

Cryptocarya dekae M. Gangop. Sikkim, Assam hills

Dehaasia arunachalensis M. Gangop. Arunachal Pradesh

Lindera assamica (Meisn.) Kurz Assam hills, Meghalaya

Lindera hamiltonii Kosterm. Assam hills

Lindera melastomacea Fern.-Vill. Sikkim

Lindera neesiana (Wall, ex Nees) Kurz var. griffithii Hook.f. Arunachal Pradesh

Lindera pulcherrima (Nees) Hook. F. subsp. thomsonii (CK.Allen) D.G. Long Meghalaya

Lindera sanjappae Bhaumik, M.K. Pathak & Chakra. Arunachal Pradesh

Lindera vermae M.K. Pathak, Bhaumik & Chakrab. Arunachal Pradesh

Litsea assamica Hook. f. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam hills, Meghalaya

Litsea membranifolia Hook. f. Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland

Litsea mishmiensis Hook. f. Arunachal Pradesh

Litsea oreophila Hook.f. Sikkim

Litsea salicifolia (Nees) Hook.f. var. polyneura Hook.f. Sikkim, Meghalaya Neolitsea sanjappae M.K. Pathak, Bhaumik & Chakrab. Arunachal Pradesh

Persea arunachalensis M. Gangop. Arunachal Pradesh

Persea dubia (Das & P.C. Kanjilal) Kosterm. Assam hills, Meghalaya

Persea globularia Kosterm. Assam hills, Meghalaya

Persea haridasanii M. Gangop. Arunachal Pradesh

Persea lohitensis M. Gangop. Arunachal Pradesh

Persea minutiflora Kosterm. Meghalaya

Persea sharmae M. Gangop. Meghalaya

Persea sikkimensis M. Gangop. Sikkim

Phoebe baishyae M. Gangop. Arunachal Pradesh

Phoebe hainesiana Brandis Manipur

Lythraceae

Lagerstroemia minuticarpa Debb. ex P.C. Kanjilal Arunachal Pradesh, Assam hills

Magnoliaceae

Magnolia gustavii King Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland

Malvaceae

Heritiera dubia Wall. Assam hills, Meghalaya


Meliaceae

Aglaia khasiana Hiern Arunachal Pradesh, Assam hills, Meghalaya

Aglaia perviridis Hiern Sikkim, West Bengal Hills, Assam hills, Meghalaya

Moraceae

Morus macroura Miq. var. laxiflora G.K. Upadhvay & A.A. Ansari Arunachal Pradesh

Myrtaceae

Eugenia ramosissima Wall. Arunachal Pradesh

Syzygium khasianum (Duthie) N.P. Balakr. Assam hills, Meghalaya

Syzygium mishmiense Chatterjee Meghalaya

Pandanaceae

Pandanus assamensis St. John Assam hills

Pandanus diversus St. John Assam hills

Pandanus martinianus Nadaf & Zanan Arunachal Pradesh, Assam

Pandanus sikkimensis St.John. Sikkim

Pittosporaceae

Pittosporum eriocarpum Royle Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand

Polygalaceae

Xanthophyllum burkilli J.R. Drumm. & Dunn Arunachal Pradesh

Putranjivaceae

Drypetes jaintensis (C.B. Clarke) Pax & K. Hoffm. Meghalaya

Rosaceae

Crataegus songarica K. Koch Jammu & Kashmir

Eriobotrya petiolata Hook. f. Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam hills

Micromeles meghalyensis Panigrahi Meghalaya

Micromeles polycarpa (Hook.f.) Panigrahi Meghalaya

rubiaceae

Nostolachma jenkinsii (Hook.f) Deb & Lahiri Meghalaya

Psychotria burkillii Deb & M. Gangop. Arunachal Pradesh

Wendlandia puberula DC. Jammu & Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh

rutaceae

Glycosmis cyanocarpa (Blume) Sprengl. var. linearifolia V. Naray. ex Tanaka Assam hills, Meghalaya, Mizoram

Salicaceae

Salix calostachya Andersson Jammu & Kashmir


Of the total wild taxa in IHR, 26 species (06- critically endangered, 10- endangered, 10- vulnerable) fall under various categories of threats (Table 3.17). One species Sterculia khasiana King is considered as extinct (Ex) by IUCN. Most importantly, among these listed threatened species, 11 species (3 CR, 5 EN, 3 VU) are endemic to IHR.

A complete detail of tree taxa (authentic Botanical name with basionym (if any), state wise occurrence, altitudinal range (masl), leaf persistence habit, phenological attributes (flowering and fruiting), flower colour, use value and distribution) occurring in IHR is inventorized in Table 3.18, 3.19, 3.20 and 3.21.

Critically endangered (CR) Endangered (EN) Vulnerable (VU)

Dipterocarpus turbinatus C.F.Gaertn. (Dipterocarpaceae)

Adinandra griffithii Dyer (Pentaphylacaceae)* Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. (Thymelaceae)

Dipterocarpus gracilis Blume (Dipterocarpaceae)

Dalbergia congesta Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae)

Cephalotaxus mannii Hook.f. (Cephalotaxaceae)

Gymnocladus assamicus Kanj. ex P.C. Kanj. (Fabaceae)*

Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. (Dipterocarpaceae) Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. (Fabaceae)

Ilex khasiana Purakayastha (Aquifoliaceae)*

Goniothalamus simonsii Hook.f. & Thomson (Annonaceae)*

Dipterocarpus retusus Blume (Dipterocarpaceae)

Magnolia gustavii King (Magnoliaceae)* Ilex venulosa Hook.f. (Aquifoliaceae)* Elaeocarpus prunifolius Wall. (Elaeocarpaceae)

Pachylarnax pleiocarpa Dandy (Magnoliaceae)

Illicium griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson (Schisandraceae) Gleditsia assamica Bor (Fabaceae)*

Lagerstroemia minuticarpa Debberm. ex P.C. Kanjilal (Lythraceae)*

Ixonanthes khasiana Hook.f. (Ixonanthaceae)*

Magnolia pealiana King (Magnoliaceae) Michelia mannii King (Magnoliaceae)

Pittosporum eriocarpum Royle (Pittosporaceae) *

Picea brachytyla (Franch.) E. Pritz. (Pinaceae)

Taxus wallichiana Zucc (Taxaceae) Ulmus wallichiana Planch. (Ulmaceae)*

Table 3.17. Threatened trees of IHR

* Endemic species

Salix pseudocalyculata Kimura Sikkim

Salix stomatophora Flod. Sikkim

Theaceae

Adinandra griffithii Dyer Arunachal Pradesh, Assam hills, Meghalaya, Nagaland

Camellia siangensis T.K. Paul & M.P. Nayar Arunachal Pradesh, Assam hills, Meghalaya, Nagaland

UlmaceaeUlmus wallichiana var. tomentosa Melville & Heybroek Jammu & KashmirTaxaceaeAmentotaxus assamica D.K. Ferguson Arunachal Pradesh, Assam hills


Appendix 1: Database sourcesAPG-III, 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105-121.

Aswal BS and Mehrotra BN, 1994. Flora of Lahaul- Spiti (A cold Desert in North West Himalaya). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.

Balakrishnan NP, 1981. Flora of Jowai and vicinity, Meghalaya: a contribution towards a detailed knowledge of the flora of the Northeastern region of India, Vol. 1. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah.

Balakrishnan NP, 1983. Flora of Jowai and vicinity, Meghalaya: a contribution towards a detailed knowledge of the flora of the Northeastern region of India, Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah.

Balfour E, 1983. The timber trees of India & Eastern and Southern Asia. Higginbothan and Co.

Beech E, Rivers M, Oldfield S and Smith PP, 2017. Global Tree Search: The first complete global database of tree species and country distributions. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 36(5): 454-489.

Bhatt D, Chandra Sekar K, Rawal RS, Nandi SK, Dhyani PP, 2016. Tree Diversity of Western Himalaya. G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora.

Brach AR and Song H, 2006. eFloras: New directions for online floras exemplified by the Flora of China Project. Taxon 55(1): 188-192.

Brandis D, 1906. Indian Trees: An account of Trees, Shrubs, Woody climbers, Bamboos and Palms Indigenous or commonly cultivated in the British Indian Empire. Archibald Constable & Co Ltd, London.

Calder CC, Narayan Swami V and Ramaswami MS, 1926. List of species and genera of Indian Phanerogams not included in Sir J.D. Hooker’s Flora of British India. Records of Botanical Survey of India 11 (1) : 1-57.

Chowdhery HJ, Giri GS and Pramanik A, 2009. Materials for the flora of Arunachal Pradesh, Vol. 3: Hydrocharitaceae- Poaceae. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.

Chopra C and Panigrahi G, 1995. The family Rosaceae in India (Revisionary studies on some genera), Vol. II. Bishen Singh

Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. pp. 1-481.

Chowdhery HJ and Wadhwa BM, 1984. Flora of Himachal Pradesh- Analysis, Vol. 1-3. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah.

Clarke CB, 1983. Plants of Kohima & Muneypore. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.

Cronquist A, 1981. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 248-250.

Deb DB, 1981. The flora of Tripura state, Vol.1, Vegetation: Ophioglossaceae - Staphyleaceae. Today & Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers.

Deb DB, 1981. The flora of Tripura state, Vol. 2, Buddlejaceae- Gramineae (Poaceae). Today & Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers.

Fischer CEC, 1938. The flora of Lushai hills. Records of Botanical survey of India 12: 75- 161.

Gage AT, 1901. A Botanical tour in the south Lushai hills. Records of Botanical survey of India 1: 333-369.

Gaur RD, 1999. Flora of the district Garhwal – North West Himalaya (with ethnobotanical notes). Trans Media, Srinagar (Garhwal). pp. 1-712.

Gaur RD and Raiwani S, 1995. A preliminary report on the threatened arborescent taxa of Garhwal Himalaya. Journal of Indian Botanical Society 74: 283-292.

Gaur RD and Barthwal BS, 1995. A contribution to the forest flora of Garhwal. Higher Plants of Indian Sub continent. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. pp. 1-134.

Ghosh DK and Mallick JK, 2014. Flora of Darjeeling and foothills (Angiosperms). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.

Giri GS, Pramanik A and Chowdhery HJ, 2008. Materials for the flora of Arunachal Pradesh, Vol. 2: Asteraceae- Ceratophyllaceae. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.

Gogoi R and Barbhuiya HA, 2012. An assessment of diversity of Gymnosperms in Meghalaya State, India. The Indian Forester 138 (9): 783-792.

Hajra PK, Nair VJ and Daniel P, 1993. Flora of India, Vol. 4. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.


Hajra PK, Verma DM and Giri GS, 1996. Materials for the flora of Arunachal Pradesh, Vol.1: Ranunculaceae- Dipsacaceae. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.

Haridasan K and Rao RR, 1985. Forest flora of Meghalaya, Vol. 1. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.

Haridasan K and Rao RR, 1987. Forest flora of Meghalaya, Vol. 2. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.

Hooker JD (Eds), 1872-97. The Flora of British India, Vols. 1-7. L. Reeve & Co., London.

Hooker JD, 1906. A sketch of the Flora of British India. L. Reeve & Co., London.

Hutchinson J, 1973. The Families of Flowering Plants. 3rd Edition, The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 519-524.

IPNI, 2012. The International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Retrieved 1 September 2016, from http://www.ipni.org/how_to_cite_us.html.

Jamir SA and Pandey HN, 2002. Status of Biodiversity in the sacred grooves of Jaintia hills, Meghalaya. The Indian Forester 128 (7): 738-744.

Joseph J, 1982. Flora of Nongpoh and its vicinity, Vols. 1-3. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah.

Kanjilal UN, Kanjilal PC and Das A, 2013. Flora of Assam, Vol. 1, Part I. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, pp. 1-184.

Kanjilal UN, Kanjilal PC, Das A and Purkayastha C, 2013. Flora of Assam, Vol. 1, Part II. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. pp. 185- 386.

Kanjilal UN, Kanjilal PC and Das A, 2013. Flora of Assam, Vol. II (Connaraceae - Cornaceae). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. pp. 1-409.

Kanjilal UN, Das A, Kanjilal PC and De RN, 2013. Flora of Assam, Vol. III (Caprifoliaceae - Plantaginaceae). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. pp. 1-578.

Kanjilal UN, Kanjilal PC, De RN and Das A, 2013. Flora of Assam, Vol. IV (Nyctaginaceae - Cycadaceae). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. pp. 1-377.

Karthikeyan S, 2000. A statistical analysis of flowering plants of India. pp. 201–217. In: Singh, N.P., Singh, D.K., Hajra, P.K. & Sharma, B.D. (Eds.). Flora of India Introductory Volume

Part-II. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. pp. 1-469.

Karthikeyan S, Sanjappa M and Murthy S, 2009. Flowering Plants of India. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. pp. 1-365.

Kumar A and Panigrahi G, 1995. The family Rosaceae in India (Revisionary studies on Cotoneaster Medik), Vol. III. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. pp. 1-292.

Mao AA and Gogoi R, 2016. Flora of Dziiko/ Dzukou Valley. Botanical Survey of India, Shillong. pp. 1-283.

Mao AA, Sinha BK, Verma D and Sarma N, 2016. Check list of flora of Meghalaya. Botanical Survey of India, Shillong. pp.1-273.

Missouri Botanical Garden, 2017. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de la Selva Central, Peru. Retrieved: 1 February 2017, http://www.tropicos.org/Project/SCP.

Missouri Botanical Garden, 2017. Pakistan plant database. Retrieved: 1 February 2017, http://www.tropicos.org/project/Pakistan.

Missouri Botanical Garden, 2017. eFloras.org. Retrieved: 1 February 2017, http://www.efloras.org.

Naithani HB, 1990. Flowering plants of India, Nepal and Bhutan. Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thrivuvnanthpuram.

Osmaston AE, 1927. A Forest Flora for Kumaun. International Book Distributors, Dehradun.

Phukan S, Sinha BK, Singh VN and Singh B, 2010. Flora of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, Meghalaya. Botanical Survey of India, Project report.

Purohit KM and Panigrahi G, 1991. The family Rosaceae in India (Revisionary studies on some genera), Vol. I. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. pp. 1-356.

Pusalkar PK and Singh DK, 2012. Flora of Gangotri National Park, Western Himalaya, India. Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun.

Raina AN, 2012. Geography of Jammu & Kashmir State. Radha Krishan Anand & Co., Jammu.

Rajendran A and Daniel P, 2002. The Indian Verbenaceae (A taxonomic revision). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. Pp 1-431.


Razi BA, 1959. A second list of species and genera of Indian Phanerogams not included in J.D. Hooker’s Flora of British India. Surya Publications, Dehradun.

Sanjappa M, 1992. Legumes of India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. pp. 1-338.

Shani KC, 1990. Gymnosperms of India and adjacent countries. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.

Sharma BD, Balakrishnan NP and Sanjappa M, 1993. Flora of India, Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.

Sharma BD, Sanjappa M and Balakrishnan NP, 1993. Flora of India, Vol. 3. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.

Singh DK and Hajra PK, 1996. Floristic Diversity. In: Gujral, G.S. and Sharma, V. (Eds). Changing Perspective of Biodiversity Status in the Himalaya. British Council Division, British High Commission, Publ. Wildlife Youth Services, New Delhi. pp. 23-38.

Singh NP, Singh DK and Uniyal BP, 2002. Flora of Jammu and Kashmir, Vol.1. Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun.

Singh NP, Singh KP and Singh DK, 2002. Flora of Mizoram, Vol.1. Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun.

Singh P and Dash SS, 2014. Plant Discoveries. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata.

Singh RV, 1982. Fodder trees of India. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.

Sinha GP, Singh DK and Singh KP, 2012. Flora of Mizoram, Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata.

The Plant List, 2016. Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ [January 2017].

Uniyal BP, Sharma JR, Chaudhery U and Singh DK, 2007. Flowering Plants of Uttarakhand (A Checklist). Bishen Singh MahendraPal Singh Dehradun, 404pp.

Upadhyay K, Pandey HN, Law PS and Tripathi RS, 2003. Tree diversity in sacred grooves of the Jaintia hills in Meghalaya, North east India. Biodiversity Conservation 12: 583-597.

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a,

Thail

and

ADox

ACeA

e

Vibu

rnum

cyli

ndric

um

Buch

.-Ham

. ex D

. Don

++

++

++

++

++

1300

-290

0e

May

-Jun

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, In

done

sia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Vibu

rnum

eru

besc

ens

Wall

.+

++

++

++

++

+13

00-2

900

DAp

r-Jun

Aug-

Sep

Pink

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

ALTI

NgIA

CeAe

Altin

gia

exce

lsa N

oron

ha+

+30

0-12

00D

Mar

-May

Jun-

Aug

gree

nish

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

ANAC

ARDI

ACeA

e

Buch

anan

ia se

ssilif

olia

Blum

e+

++

500-

1000

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ulgr

eeni

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Bor

neo,

Lao

s, M

alays

ia, S

umat

ra,

Thail

and

Choe

rosp

ondi

as a

xillar

is (R

oxb.

) B. L

. Bur

tt &

A. W

. Hi

ll = S

pond

ias a

xillar

is Ro

xb.

++

++

++

+30

0-20

00D

Apr-J

unAu

g-Se

pPu

rplis

h re

ded

ible

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, La

os, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Cotin

us c

oggy

gria

Scop

.+

++

1000

-160

0e

Apr-J

unSe

p-oc

tPu

rplis

h re

dM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Fra

nce,

Itley

, Nep

al, P

akist

an,

N Am

erica

, S A

frica


Cotin

us k

anak

a (R

.N.D

e)

D.Ch

andr

a =

Rhu

s ka

naka

R.N

. De

+12

00- 2

000

DAp

r-Jun

Aug-

Sep

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a

Drac

onto

melo

n du

perre

anum

Pier

re+

++

+20

0-60

0D

Apr-J

unJu

n-Ju

lW

hite

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Drim

ycar

pus

race

mos

us (R

oxb.

) Hoo

k. f.

= Ho

ligar

na ra

cem

osa

Roxb

.

++

++

++

++

400-

1200

eAp

r-Jun

Jun-

Jul

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Viet

nam

Holig

arna

cau

stica

oke

n+

++

+20

0-90

0D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

Purp

lish

white

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Viet

nam

Lann

ea

coro

man

delic

a (H

outt.

) M

err.1 =

Diali

um

coro

man

delic

um H

outt.

++

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1800

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-Ju

lYe

llow

or

Purp

lish

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Man

gife

ra

khas

iana

Pier

re+

+12

00-2

000

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Aug

gree

nish

ye

llow

edib

leIn

dia

Man

gife

ra s

ylvat

ica R

oxb.

++

++

++

++

600-

1900

e

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Au

ggr

eeni

sh

yello

wed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Pist

acia

chin

ensis

Bun

ge

++

++

++

++

400-

2000

DM

ar-A

prAu

g-No

vRe

dM

isc.

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, P

akist

an

Pist

acia

inte

gerri

ma

Stew

art

++

+60

0-12

00D

Mar

-Apr

Aug-

Nov

Red

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Pak

istan

Pist

acia

khin

juk

Stoc

ks+

+15

00-2

400

DM

ar-A

prAu

g-No

vRe

dTim

ber

Indi

a, A

fgha

nist

an, e

gypt

, Iraq

, Iran

, Pa

kista

n, S

yria,

Turk

ey

Rhus

chi

nens

is M

ill.+

++

++

++

++

++

600-

2000

DAu

g-Se

poc

t-Nov

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Ind

ones

ia,

Japa

n, K

orea

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, P

akist

an,

Sing

apor

e, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Rhus

grif

fithi

i Hoo

k. f.

++

++

++

1400

-250

0D

Aug-

Sep

oct-N

ovW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, P

akist

an

Rhus

kha

siana

Hoo

k. f.

++

400-

1000

DAp

r-Jul

Jul-S

epPa

le ye

llow-

gr

een

edib

leIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh

Rhus

pun

jaben

sis J

.L.

Stew

art e

x Bra

ndis

++

+40

0-35

00

DM

ar-A

prJu

l-Aug

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Pak

istan

Rhus

sem

ialat

a M

urra

y+

++

++

++

++

++

1000

-200

0D

Aug-

Sep

Aug-

oct

gree

nish

wh

ite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal,

Pak

istan


Rhus

suc

ceda

nea

L.+

++

++

++

++

++

+10

0-25

00D

May

-Jun

Jul-A

ugPa

le ye

llow-

brow

nM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Jap

an, K

orea

, Lao

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Rhus

suc

ceda

nea

var.

acum

inat

a (D

C.) H

ook.

f. =

Rhus

acu

min

ata

DC.

++

+10

00-2

000

DM

ay-J

unJu

l-Aug

Pale

yello

w-br

own

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, J

apan

, N. K

orea

, Lao

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Rhus

wall

ichii H

ook.

f.+

++

700-

2400

DM

ar-A

prJu

l-Aug

Pale

yello

wFu

elIn

dia,

Chi

na, N

epal

Sem

ecar

pus

anac

ardi

um L

. f.

++

++

++

++

++

++

100-

800

DJu

n-Se

pFe

b-M

argr

eeni

sh

white

Med

icina

l,

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

Sem

ecar

pus

prain

ii Kin

g+

+20

0-80

0D

Jul-N

ovNo

v-Fe

bgr

eeni

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mala

ya P

anin

sula,

M

yanm

ar

Spon

dias

mom

bin

L.+

+40

0-10

00e

Mar

-Apr

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, J

apan

, Kor

ea, L

aos,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Spon

dias

pin

nata

(L. f

.) Ku

rz =

Man

gife

ra p

inna

ta

L. f.

++

++

++

++

++

+30

0-12

00D

Apr-J

unAu

g-Se

pW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, In

done

sia,

Laos

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Sing

apor

e, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Swin

toni

a flo

ribun

da g

riff.

++

+20

0-80

0e

Mar

-Apr

Jul-A

ug

Lig

ht

gree

n-ye

llowi

sh

or w

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Bur

ma,

Mala

ysia,

Sum

atra

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Toxic

oden

dron

ac

umin

atum

(DC.

) C.Y.

W

u &

T.L. M

ing

= Rh

us

acum

inat

a DC

.

++

++

++

++

1000

-260

0D

May

-Jul

Au

g-oc

t

Light

gr

een-

yello

wish

or

whi

te

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal

Toxic

oden

dron

bim

anni

i Ba

rbhu

iya+

1000

- 200

0D

May

-Jul

Au

g-oc

tM

isc.

Indi

a

Toxic

oden

dron

hoo

keri

(K.C

. Sah

ni &

Bah

adur

) C.

Y. W

u &

T.L. M

ing

= Rh

us h

ooke

ri K.

C. S

ahni

&

Baha

dur

++

++

+16

00-2

000

DJu

l-Aug

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina


Anno

nAce

Ae

Alph

onse

a lu

tea

(Rox

b.)

Hook

. f. &

Tho

mso

n =

Uvar

ia lu

tea

Roxb

.+

++

+20

0-60

0e

Apr-M

ayAu

g-Se

pYe

llow

edib

leIn

dia,

Mya

nmar

, Sri

Lank

a

Alph

onse

a ve

ntric

osa

(Rox

b.) H

ook.

f. &

Thom

son

= Uv

aria

vent

ricos

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

100-

1000

eM

ar-A

prJu

l-Aug

gree

nish

wh

iteed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h

Cana

nga

odor

ata

(Lam

.) Ho

ok. f

. & T

hom

son

= Uv

aria

odor

ata

Lam

.+

++

+20

0-80

0e

Jun-

Jul

oct-N

ovPa

le ye

llow

edib

leIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d

Cyat

hoca

lyx

mar

taba

nicu

s Ho

ok. f

. &

Thom

son

++

++

+50

0-90

0e

Apr-M

ayoc

t-Nov

Yello

wed

ible

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar

Goni

otha

lamus

sim

onsii

Ho

ok. f

. & T

hom

son

++

500-

1200

DM

ay-J

unJu

n-Ju

lCr

eam

y wh

iteFu

elIn

dia

Miliu

sa d

olich

anth

a Cr

aib+

+50

0-10

00D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Sep

Crea

my

white

Fuel

Indi

a

Miliu

sa g

lobos

a (A

. DC.

) Pa

nigr

ahi &

S.C

. Mish

ra

= Gu

atte

ria g

lobos

a A.

DC.

++

++

500-

800

DDe

c-M

ayAu

g-Se

pRe

dM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n

Miliu

sa lo

ngiflo

ra B

aill. e

x Fin

et &

gag

nep.

++

+30

0-15

00D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Sep

Redd

ish

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Miliu

sa m

acro

carp

a Ho

ok. f

. & T

hom

son

++

++

+13

00-2

000

DAp

r-May

Aug-

Nov

Yello

wFu

elIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Miliu

sa to

men

tosa

Fin

et

& ga

gnep

.+

+50

0-10

00D

Mar

-May

May

-Jul

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fuel

Indi

a, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a

Miliu

sa ve

lutin

a (D

unal)

Ho

ok. f

. & T

hom

son

= Uv

aria

velu

tina

Duna

l+

++

++

++

++

+20

0-90

0D

Mar

-May

Jun-

oct

Pale

yello

wFu

elIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Mitr

epho

ra h

arai

ohas

hi+

300-

1200

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unPu

rple

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n

Mitr

epho

ra to

men

tosa

Ho

ok. f

. & T

hom

son

++

++

+10

0-12

00e

Mar

-May

Aug-

oct

Cre

am to

ye

llow

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, Th

ailan

d,

Viet

nam

Polya

lthia

cera

soid

es (R

oxb.

) Ben

th.

& Ho

ok. f

. ex B

edd.

=

Uvar

ia ce

raso

ides

Rox

b.

+20

0-12

00D

Apr-J

ulSe

p-De

cgr

een

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, La

os, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Polya

lthia

jenkin

sii H

ook.

f. &

Thom

son

++

++

++

+20

0-60

0D

Aug-

oct

Dec-

Jun

Pale

yello

wTim

ber

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Phi

lippi

nes


Polya

lthia

simiar

um (B

uch.

-Ham

. ex

Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n)

Bent

h. e

x Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n =

Guat

teria

sim

iarum

Buc

h.-H

am. e

x Ho

ok. f

. & T

hom

son

++

++

++

+50

0-12

00e

Apr

-Sep

Jul-D

ecYe

llowi

sh

gree

nFib

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Sage

raea

laur

ina

Dalze

ll+

++

+20

0-70

0e

oct-N

ovJa

n-Fe

bW

hite

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n

Apoc

ynAc

eAe

Holar

rhen

a flo

ribun

da T.

Du

rand

& S

chin

z+

++

200-

1000

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

un C

ream

y wh

iteM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

roon

, Con

go,g

ambi

a,

ghan

a, L

iber

ia, M

ali, N

iger

ia, S

ierra

, Tog

o

Holar

rhen

a pu

besc

ens

Wall

. ex g

. Don

2+

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-15

00D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Cre

amy

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Nep

al, P

akist

an

Wrig

htia

arbo

rea

(Den

nst.)

Mab

b.

= Pe

riploc

a ar

bore

a De

nnst

.

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-15

00D

May

-oct

Aug-

Dec

Yello

wish

, pi

nkish

or

salm

onFo

dder

Indi

a, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Sri

Lank

a,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Wrig

htia

cocc

inea

(Lod

d.)

Sim

s =

Neriu

m

cocc

ineu

m L

odd.

++

++

++

300-

1800

DJa

n-M

ayJa

n-M

ayRe

ddish

Misc

.In

dia,

Mya

nmar

, Pak

istan

, Tha

iland

Wrig

htia

sikkim

ensis

gam

ble

++

500-

1500

DAp

r-Jun

Jun-

Dec

Yello

wish

Misc

.In

dia,

Viet

nam

Wrig

htia

tinct

oria

R. B

r.+

+50

0-15

00D

Jun-

Jul

Aug-

Sep

Yello

wish

wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, P

akist

an

AquI

folI

AceA

e

Ilex c

larke

ii Loe

s.+

1000

-150

0e

May

-Jun

Sep

-oct

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a

Ilex d

ipyr

ena

Wall

.+

++

++

++

++

++

170

0-31

00e

Apr-M

ayM

ay-J

ungr

een

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar

Ilex e

xcels

a (W

all.)

Hook

. f.

=Ca

ssin

e ex

celsa

Wall

.+

++

++

++

++

++

800

-280

0e

Apr-M

ay

May

-Jun

Yello

w gr

een

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Ilex e

mbe

lioid

es H

ook.

f.+

++

++

1000

-150

0e

Apr-M

ay

May

-Jun

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Ilex f

ragi

lis H

ook.

f.+

++

++

++

1500

-300

0D

May

-Jun

Sep

-oct

Yello

w gr

een

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Ilex g

odaja

m (C

olebr

. ex

Wall

.) W

all. e

x Hoo

k. f.

= Pr

inos

god

ajam

Cole

br.

ex W

all.

++

++

++

+30

0-10

00e

Apr-M

ayM

ay-S

epYe

llow

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Viet

nam

Ilex g

riffit

hii H

ook.

f.+

+20

00-2

500

eAp

r-May

May

-Jun

gree

nish

wh

iteFu

elIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

Ilex h

ooke

ri Ki

ng

++

+ 2

100-

3000

eM

ay-J

unoc

t-Nov

gree

nFu

elIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

Ilex i

nsig

nis

Hook

. f.

++

+10

00-2

300

eAp

r-Jun

Jul-o

ctgr

eeni

sh

white

Fuel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar


Ilex k

hasia

na P

urka

y.+

+10

00-1

500

eAp

r-Jun

Jul-o

ctgr

een

Misc

.In

dia

Ilex k

ingi

ana

Hook

.f.+

++

++

900-

2400

eAp

r-Jun

Jul-o

ctgr

eeni

sh

white

Fuel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar

Ilex o

dora

ta B

uch.

-Ham

. ex

D. D

on

++

++

++

++

+10

00-2

000

eAp

r-Jun

Jul-o

ctgr

eeni

sh

white

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Ilex p

seud

o-od

orat

a Lo

es.

+80

0-20

00e

Apr-J

unJu

n-Ju

lgr

eeni

sh

white

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Nep

al

Ilex s

ikkim

ensis

Kur

z+

++

+21

00-3

000

eJu

n-Ju

loc

t-Dec

gree

nish

wh

iteFu

el In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Ilex v

enul

osa

Hook

. f.

+ 9

00-2

700

e F

eb-A

prJu

n-De

c W

hite

or

yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a

Ilex w

ight

iana

Wall

. ex

Wig

ht

++

1700

-240

0e

Feb

-Apr

Jun-

Dec

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, S

ri La

nka

ARAl

IAce

Ae

Bras

saiop

sis a

culea

ta

(Buc

h. -H

am. e

x D. D

on)

Seem

. = H

eder

a ac

ulea

ta

Buch

. -Ha

m. e

x D. D

on

++

++

++

++

1500

-200

0D

Jan-

Mar

May

-Jun

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Bras

saiop

sis

glom

erul

ata

(Blu

me)

Re

gel =

Ara

lia

glom

erul

ata

Blum

e

++

++

++

400-

2400

DSe

p-oc

tDe

c-Ja

nRe

dM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Ind

ones

ia, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Bras

saiop

sis g

riffit

hii C

.B.

Clar

ke+

++

+50

0-16

00D

Jan-

Mar

May

-Jun

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Bras

saiop

sis

hain

la (B

uch.

-Ham

.) Se

em. =

Hed

era

hain

la Bu

ch.-H

am.

++

++

++

130

0-21

00e

Dec-

Mar

Jun-

Aug

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Bras

saiop

sis h

ooke

ri C.

B.

Clar

ke+

++

+12

00-2

400

DSe

p-oc

tDe

c-Ja

ngr

een

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd

Bras

saiop

sis

mag

nific

a Du

nn+

+20

0-10

00D

Jan-

Mar

May

-Jun

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Bras

saiop

sis

palm

ata

(Rox

b.) K

urz

= Pa

nax p

almat

us R

oxb.

++

500-

1600

DFe

b-M

arAp

r-Jun

gree

nFu

el, F

odde

rIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Bras

saiop

sis

simpl

icifo

lia C

.B. C

larke

+

+80

0-30

00D

Dec-

Mar

Jun-

Aug

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Bras

saiop

sis m

itis C

.B.

Clar

ke+

++

+17

00-2

400

DJu

l-Aug

Sep-

oct

Crea

my

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Nep

al


Dend

ropa

nax j

apon

icum

Se

em.

++

++

600-

1300

eJu

n-Ju

lJu

l-Sep

grey

gre

enFo

dder

, Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, V

ietna

m

Gam

blea

cilia

ta C

.B.

Clar

ke+

+14

00-3

700

eM

ay-S

epJu

n-Au

ggr

een

Med

icina

l, Tim

ber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Viet

nam

Hept

apleu

rum

elat

um

(Buc

h.-H

am.)

C.B.

Clar

ke

= Pa

ratro

pia

elata

Ho

ok. f

.

++

++

++

++

+90

0-16

00e

Mar

-Jun

Sep-

oct

Pale

gree

nish

wh

iteTim

ber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al, V

ietna

m

Hete

ropa

nax f

ragr

ans

(Rox

b.) S

eem

. = P

anax

fra

gran

s Ro

xb.

++

500-

1200

eoc

t-Dec

Feb-

Apr

Pale

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

er/ T

imbe

rIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Indo

nesia

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Mac

ropa

nax

disp

erm

us (B

lum

e)

Kunt

ze =

Ara

lia d

isper

ma

Blum

e

++

++

++

++

++

300-

2300

eAu

g-Se

pJa

n-Fe

bgr

een

Fodd

er In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Mac

ropa

nax

meg

halay

ensis

Har

id. &

R.

R. R

ao+

1200

-280

0e

Aug-

Sep

Jan-

Feb

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al, V

ietna

m

Mac

ropa

nax

undu

latus

(Wall

. ex g

. Do

n) S

eem

. = H

eder

a un

dulat

a W

all. e

x g. D

on

++

++

++

++

+ 4

00-2

200

eAu

g-Se

pJa

n-Fe

bgr

een

Fodd

er, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Mer

rillio

pana

x alp

inus

(C.B

. Clar

ke) C

.B.

Shan

g =

Bras

saiop

sis

alpin

a C.

B. C

larke

++

1500

-230

0e

Jul-A

ugAu

g-Se

pYe

llow

Med

icina

l, or

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal

Pent

apan

ax fr

agra

ns

(D. D

on) H

a va

r. fra

gran

s= P

enta

pana

x les

chen

aultii

(DC.

) See

m.

++

++

++

+50

0-15

00e

May

-Jul

Aug-

oct

gree

nish

wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Pent

apan

ax ra

cem

osus

Se

em.

++

+15

00-3

200

eM

ay-J

ulJu

n-Au

ggr

eeni

sh

white

Timbe

r, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Pent

apan

ax

subc

orda

tus

(Wall

. ex g

. Do

n) S

eem

. = H

eder

a su

bcor

data

Wall

. ex g

. Do

n

++

+20

0-20

00e

Apr-J

unJu

n-Au

ggr

een

Timbe

r, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

Sche

ffler

a ell

iptic

a (B

lum

e) H

arm

s =

Sciad

ophy

llum

ellip

ticum

Bl

ume

++

++

++

1000

-150

0e

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Ju

lPa

le br

own

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar


Sche

ffler

a hy

poleu

ca

(Kur

z) Ha

rms

= He

ptap

leuru

m

hypo

leucu

m K

urz

++

++

800-

130

0e

Jan-

Feb

May

-Apr

Pale

gree

nish

wh

iteFu

el, T

imbe

rIn

dia,

Mya

nmar

, Viet

nam

Sche

ffler

a kh

asian

a (C

.B. C

larke

) R.

Vig.

= He

ptap

leuru

m

khas

ianum

C.B

. Clar

ke

++

+80

0-17

00

eAp

r-May

May

-Jul

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Viet

nam

Sche

ffler

a pa

uciflo

ra

R. V

ig.

++

1200

-200

0e

May

-Jul

Jun-

Aug

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Sche

ffler

a rh

odod

endr

ifolia

(g

riff.)

Fro

din

= Pa

nax

rhod

oden

drifo

lius

griff

.

++

++

++

+40

0-17

00e

May

-Aug

Sept

-Dec

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

, Chi

na

Sche

ffler

a sh

welie

nsis

W.W

. Sm

.+

1900

-280

0e

Aug-

Nov

oct-J

anPa

le br

own

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Chi

na

Sche

ffler

a wa

llichi

ana

(Wig

ht &

Arn

.) Ha

rms

= Pa

ratro

pia

wallic

hian

a W

ight

& A

rn.

++

+80

0-22

00e

Apr-

May

Jun-

Jul

Pale

gree

nFu

el, T

imbe

rIn

dia,

Sri

Lank

a

Trev

esia

palm

ata

(Rox

b.

ex L

indl

.) Vi

s. =

Gast

onia

palm

ata

Roxb

. ex L

indl

.+

++

++

++

600-

2000

eoc

t-Nov

May

-Jul

Yello

wish

Med

icina

l, or

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Tupi

dant

hus

calyp

tratu

s Ho

ok. f

. &

Thom

son

++

++

800-

1700

eoc

t-Nov

May

-Jul

Pale

brow

nM

edici

nal,

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Aste

RAce

Ae

Leuc

omer

is de

cora

Kur

z +

++

+10

00-1

900

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Leuc

omer

is sp

ecta

bilis

Don

3+

800-

2000

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Nep

al, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Vern

onia

arbo

rea

Buch

.-Ha

m.

++

++

++

800-

1200

eAu

g-No

vNo

v-De

cPi

nk, p

ale

purp

lish

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Ne

pal, P

akist

an, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m,

Vern

onia

talau

mifo

lia H

ook.

f. &

Thom

son

ex C

.B. C

larke

++

++

++

500-

1800

eNo

v-De

cJa

n-Fe

bPu

rple

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Vern

onia

volka

mer

iaefo

lia

Bedd

.+

+60

0-14

00D

Dec-

Feb

Mar

-Apr

Purp

leM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Nepa

l, Pak

istan

, Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

,

Betu

lAce

Ae

Alnu

s ne

palen

sis D

. Don

4+

++

++

++

++

++

+ 2

00-2

800

DM

ay-J

un J

ul-S

epgr

een

Fodd

er, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam


Alnu

s ni

tida

(Spa

ch)

endl

. = C

lethr

opsis

nitid

a Sp

ach

++

++

++

++

++

+10

00-2

900

DJu

n-Ju

lSe

p-oc

tgr

een

Fodd

er, M

isc.

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Chi

na, P

akist

an, N

epal

Betu

la aln

oides

Buc

h.-

Ham

. ex D

. Don

++

++

++

++

++

+70

0-21

00

Doc

t-Jan

Mar

-May

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Betu

la cy

lindr

osta

chys

Wall

. ex

Diels

+

++

++

1400

-280

0D

Apr-J

unJu

l-Aug

Yello

w M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n

Betu

la pe

ndul

aRot

h.

++

500-

2300

DJu

n-Ju

lJu

l-Aug

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Kaz

akhs

tan,

Mon

golia

, Ru

ssia,

eur

ope

Betu

la ut

ilis D

. Don

5+

++

++

++

+25

00- 4

200

DJu

n-Ju

lJu

l-Aug

gree

nTim

ber,

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Carp

inus

fagi

nea

Lindl

. +

++

1500

-210

0D

Apr-J

unJu

l-Aug

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Carp

inus

vim

inea

Lin

dl.

++

++

++

++

+15

00-2

500

DAp

r-Jun

Jul-S

epgr

een

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Cory

lus

colu

rna

L. 6

++

++

++

++

+16

00-3

300

D M

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ulgr

een

edib

le, F

odde

rIn

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Chi

na, S

e eu

rope

, Pa

kista

n, Tu

rkey

Cory

lus

fero

x Wall

. +

++

++

++

+16

00-2

500

DM

ay-J

ulJu

l-Sep

gree

ned

ible

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

BIgn

onIA

ceAe

Cres

cent

ia ala

ta K

unth

.+

++

+70

0-12

00e

May

-Jul

Sep-

Nov

gree

nish

ye

llow

edib

le,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Cres

cent

ia cu

jete

L.+

++

1200

-190

0e

May

-Jul

Sep-

Nov

gree

nish

ye

llow

edib

le,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, N.

Amer

ica, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Mar

kham

ia st

ipul

ata

(Wall

.) Se

em. =

Sp

atho

dea

stip

ulat

a W

all.

++

+30

0-17

00e

Sep-

Dec

Jan-

Apr

Rust

y ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Orox

ylum

indi

cum

(L.)

Kurz

= B

igno

nia

indi

ca L

.+

++

++

++

++

++

+50

0-10

00D

Sep-

Dec

Mar

-Jul

Pink

ish

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, I

ndon

esia,

Ja

va, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Philip

pine

s, Su

mat

ra, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Pajan

elia

rhee

dii W

ight

++

++

++

200-

1000

DM

ay-J

ulSe

p-No

vCr

eam

y wh

iteM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Mya

nmar

, Pen

insu

lar M

alays

ia,

Sing

apor

e, S

umat

ra, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

Pajan

elia

longi

folia

K.

Schu

m.

++

+20

0-10

00D

May

-Jul

Sep-

Nov

Crea

my

white

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar, P

enin

sular

Mala

ysia,

Si

ngap

ore,

Sri

Lank

a, S

umat

ra, T

haila

nd

Rade

rmac

hera

gi

gant

ea (B

lum

e) M

iq. =

Sp

atho

dea

giga

ntea

Bl

ume

++

+30

0-12

00D

May

-Sep

oct-D

ecPi

nkTim

ber

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and

Rade

rmac

hera

gl

andu

losa

(Blu

me)

Miq

.=

Spat

hode

a gl

andu

losa

Blum

e

++

++

300-

1000

DAp

r-May

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d


Rade

rmac

hera

sin

ica (H

ance

) Hem

sl. =

St

ereo

sper

mum

sin

icum

Ha

nce

++

++

++

+30

0-10

00D

May

-Sep

oct-D

ecW

hite

to

pale

yello

wTim

ber,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, V

ietna

m

Spat

hode

a ca

mpa

nulat

a P.

Beau

v. +

++

400-

1300

eAp

r-May

Jul-A

ugW

hite

edib

le,

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and

Ster

eosp

erm

um

chelo

noid

es D

C.

++

++

++

++

++

++

300-

1000

DM

ay-J

ulSe

p-No

vPa

le ye

llow

edib

le,

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Ch

ina,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Ster

eosp

erm

um

hypo

stict

um M

iq.

+40

0-12

00D

May

-Jul

Sep-

Nov

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Ster

eosp

erm

um

colai

s (B

uch.

-Ham

. ex

Dillw

yn) M

abb.

=

Bign

onia

colai

s Bu

ch.-

Ham

. ex D

illwyn

++

++

++

400

-180

0D

May

-Jul

Sep-

Nov

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Ster

eosp

erm

um

fimbr

iatum

DC.

++

++

+40

0-18

00D

May

-Jul

Sep-

Nov

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,T

haila

nd

Ster

eosp

erm

um

neur

anth

um K

urz

++

+30

0-10

00D

May

-Jul

Sep-

Nov

Crea

my

white

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, L

aos,

Viet

nam

BIxA

ceAe

Coch

lospe

rmum

re

ligios

um (L

.) Al

ston

=

Bom

bax r

eligi

osum

L.

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00D

Jan-

Mar

Mar

-Jun

Yello

wor

nam

enta

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

Ph

ilippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Viet

nam

, Tha

iland

BoRA

gInA

ceAe

Cord

ia cla

rkei

Brac

e ex

Pr

ain

++

+10

00-1

300

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-Ju

lW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Cord

ia di

chot

oma

g.

Fors

t.+

++

++

++

++

++

1300

-160

0D

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Jul

Yello

wish

wh

iteFo

dder

, Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Chi

na, N

ew C

aledo

nia,

Pa

kista

n, Ta

iwan

Cord

ia fra

gran

tissim

a Ku

rz+

++

++

800-

1200

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-Ju

lW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal

Cord

ia gr

andi

s Ro

xb.

++

++

++

600-

1000

DM

ar-A

prJu

l-Aug

Whi

teed

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal

Cord

ia m

yxa

L.

++

++

++

+40

0-12

00D

Mar

-Apr

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Afg

anist

an, M

yanm

ar, P

akist

an

Cord

ia ob

liqua

Willd

.+

++

++

+10

00-1

500

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-Ju

lYe

llowi

sh

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Cord

ia ve

stita

Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n+

++

300-

1800

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-Ju

lYe

llowi

sh

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Pak

istan


Ehre

tia a

cum

inat

a R.

Br.

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1000

DM

ar-J

unJu

n-Ju

lW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia,

Japa

n, V

ietna

m

Ehre

tia la

evis

Roxb

. +

++

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00D

Mar

-Apr

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Fodd

er,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Ehre

tia la

evis

Roxb

. va

r. flo

ribun

da (B

enth

.) Br

andi

s =

Ehre

tia

florib

unda

Ben

th.

++

+20

0-10

00D

Mar

-Apr

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Fodd

er,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Ehre

tia w

allich

iana

Hook

. f.

& Th

omso

n ex

C.B

. Cl

arke

++

++

++

1200

-150

0D

Mar

-May

Jun-

Aug

Pink

ish

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

BuRs

eRAc

eAe

Bosw

ellia

serra

ta R

oxb.

ex

Cole

br.

++

++

++

200-

900

DJa

n-M

ayAp

r-Nov

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a

Cana

rium

be

ngale

nse

Roxb

.+

++

++

+40

0-13

00D

Jul-o

ctSe

p-No

vCr

eam

y wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

Cana

rium

stri

ctum

Rox

b.+

++

+50

0-12

00D

Jul-A

ugM

ar-A

prCr

eam

y wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Garu

ga fl

orib

unda

Dec

ne.

++

++

+20

0-90

0D

May

-Jun

Aug-

Nov

Yello

wed

ible,

M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

Garu

ga fl

orib

unda

var.

gam

blei

(Kin

g ex

W.W

. Sm

.) Ka

lkman

= G

arug

a ga

mbl

ei Ki

ng e

x W.W

. Sm

.

++

++

++

200-

1000

DM

ar-A

prAp

r-oct

Yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Garu

ga p

inna

ta R

oxb.

++

++

++

++

++

400

-140

0D

Mar

-Apr

Apr-o

ctW

hite

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Prot

ium

ser

ratu

m (W

all.

ex C

olebr

.) en

gl. =

Bu

rser

a se

rrata

Wall

. ex

Coleb

r.

++

++

600-

1000

DAp

r-May

May

-Jun

Light

gr

een

Misc

. In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

BUxA

CeAe

Buxu

s wa

llichi

ana

Baill

++

+13

00-3

000

eM

ar-M

ayJu

n-Au

ggr

eeni

sh

white

Timbe

r, Fo

dder

Indi

a, A

fgha

nist

an, B

huta

n, N

epal,

Pa

kista

n

CALo

PHYL

LACe

Ae

Calop

hyllu

m p

olyan

thum

W

all. e

xCho

isy+

++

++

++

200-

1800

e A

pr-M

aySe

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Mes

ua fl

orib

unda

(Wall

.) Ko

ster

m+

++

++

+10

0-13

00e

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Aug

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

huta

n


Mam

mea

ner

vosa

Ko

ster

m.

+60

0-15

00e

Apr

-May

Sep-

oct

Yello

wish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

alaya

Pen

insu

la,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Mes

ua a

ssam

ica (K

ing

ex

Prain

) Kos

term

. = K

ayea

as

sam

ica K

ing

& Pr

ain+

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Dec

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a

Mes

ua fe

rrea

L.+

++

++

++

++

200-

1000

eFe

b-Ap

rAu

g-Se

pW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, J

ava,

M

alays

ia, P

akist

an, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

cAnn

ABAc

eAe

Apha

nant

he c

uspi

data

(B

lum

e) P

lanch

. =

Cyclo

stem

on c

uspi

datu

m

Blum

e

++

++

200-

900

eM

ar-A

prJu

l-Sep

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Celtis

cau

casic

a W

illd. 7

++

++

++

++

++

+16

00-2

700

DAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Cau

casu

s, Ch

ina,

Iraq

, Ira

n, P

akist

an, N

epal

Celtis

erio

carp

a De

cne.

++

+40

0-18

00D

Feb-

Apr

May

-Jul

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h. B

huta

n, C

hina

, Pa

kista

n, T

aiwan

, Viet

nam

Celtis

tetra

ndra

Rox

b.+

++

++

++

++

++

+70

0-15

00D

Mar

-Apr

Sep-

oct

Yello

wish

wh

iteFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Taiw

an,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Celtis

tim

oren

sis S

pan.

++

++

++

++

+20

0-50

0e

Feb-

Apr

Aug-

Sep

gold

en

brow

nFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Giro

nnier

a th

omps

onii K

ing

ex A

.M.

Cowa

n &

Cowa

n+

++

+20

0-10

00e

Mar

-Jun

Jul-S

epgr

een

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Trem

a ca

nnab

inaL

our.

++

+20

0-11

00e

Mar

-Jun

Sep-

oct

Yello

wish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Ind

ones

ia, J

apan

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pac

ific Is

lands

, Ph

ilippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Trem

a or

ienta

lis (L

.) Bl

ume

= Ce

ltis o

rient

alis

L.+

++

++

++

++

++

+40

0-19

00e

Mar

-May

Jun-

Nov

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, I

ndon

esia,

Jap

an,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

acific

Islan

ds,

Philip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Trem

a po

litoria

(Plan

ch.)

Blum

e =

Spon

ia po

litoria

Pl

anch

.+

++

++

++

++

++

300-

900

eM

ar-M

ayJu

n-No

vgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Ind

ones

ia, J

apan

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pac

ific Is

lands

, Ph

ilippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Trem

a to

men

tosa

(Rox

b.)

H. H

ara

= Ce

ltis

tom

ento

sa R

oxb.

++

++

++

200-

1000

eM

ar-J

unSe

p-No

vYe

llow

Timbe

r, M

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n,

Cam

bodi

a, e

Afri

ca, J

apan

, Lao

s, M

adag

asca

r, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pa

cific

Islan

ds, P

akist

an, V

ietna

m


cApp

ARAc

eAe

Cap

paris

bod

inier

i H.

Lév.

++

+30

0-17

00D

Feb-

Mar

Apr-M

aygr

eeni

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar

Crat

eva

adan

soni

i sub

sp.

odor

a (B

uch.

-Ham

.) Ja

cobs

= C

rate

va o

dora

Bu

ch. -

Ham

.

++

300-

600

DM

ar-J

unJu

l-oct

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

edib

le, T

imbe

rIn

dia,

Pak

istan

, Sri

Lank

a

Crat

eva

mag

na (L

our.)

DC

. = C

appa

ris m

agna

Lo

ur.

++

200-

1000

DJa

n-Ap

rAp

r-Aug

Crea

med

ible,

M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,S

ri La

nka

Crat

eva

relig

iosa

Fors

t.f.

++

++

300-

1000

DAp

r-May

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Sacr

edIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Th

ailan

d

Crat

eva

unilo

cular

is Bu

ch.-H

am.

++

++

++

++

+20

0-15

00D

Jan-

Apr

Jul-N

ovCr

eam

y ye

llow

Misc

., ed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Ch

ina,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Viet

nam

celA

stRA

ceAe

Cass

ine

glau

ca K

untze

++

++

++

+15

00- 1

700

DAp

r-Jun

oct-D

ecW

hite

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

Indi

a, M

alays

ia, P

akist

an, S

ri La

nka

Euon

ymus

at

tenu

atus

Wall

. ex M

.A.

Laws

on

++

++

++

++

+70

0-20

00e

May

-Jun

Aug-

Nov

Red

Fuel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h

Euon

ymus

bul

latus

Wall

. ex

Lod

d.+

++

++

++

900-

3300

eAp

r-Jun

Aug-

Nov

Red

Fuel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d

Euon

ymus

fim

briat

us W

all.

++

++

++

2100

-330

0D

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Aug

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

. In

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Nep

al, P

akist

an

Euon

ymus

glab

er R

oxb.

++

++

++

500-

1600

eAp

r-May

Jul-

Aug

Crea

mM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Euon

ymus

gr

andi

floru

sWall

. +

++

1000

-200

0D

Apr-J

ulAu

g-No

vYe

llow

or b

rown

gr

een

Misc

.In

dia,

Afg

anist

an, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

Ne

pal

Euon

ymus

ha

milto

nian

usW

all.

++

++

++

++

++

1700

-200

0D

Apr-J

ulAu

g-No

vW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Afg

anist

an, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al,

Pakis

tan

Euon

ymus

laws

onii C

.B.

Clar

ke e

x Pra

in+

++

+12

00-1

600

eJa

n-M

ayJu

n-De

cW

hite

Fuel

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Viet

nam

Euon

ymus

lucid

us D

. Don

++

+20

0-30

00D

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Nov

Whi

teFu

el In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Nep

al, P

akist

an, N

ew

Zeala

nd

Euon

ymus

ting

ensW

all.

++

++

++

++

++

+13

00-3

700

eM

ay-A

ugJu

l-Nov

Crea

my

white

Misc

.In

dia,

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Euon

ymus

vib

urno

ides

Pra

in

+13

00-3

400

DM

ay-J

ulJu

l-Nov

Red

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar


Loph

opet

alum

fim

briat

um W

ight

+

++

++

+50

0-15

00D

Dec-

Mar

Mar

-Jul

Red

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar,C

hina

, Su

mat

ra, M

alay P

en in

sula

and

Born

eo

Loph

opet

alum

wi

ghtia

num

Arn

.+

++

200-

1000

DDe

c-M

arM

ar-J

ulgr

eeni

sh

white

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Bor

neo,

Chi

na, B

angl

ades

h, M

alaya

Pe

nins

ula,

Mya

nmar

, Sum

atra

May

tenu

s ku

rzii B

enn.

&

K.C.

Sah

ni+

1200

-180

0e

Apr-J

unJu

n-Se

pgr

eeni

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na

May

tenu

s ru

fa (W

all.)

Cufo

d. =

Cela

stru

s ru

fus

Wall

.+

++

+17

00- 2

200

eAp

r-Jun

Jun-

Sep

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

May

tenu

s sik

kimen

sis D

.C.S

. Raju

&

Babu

+

+90

0-18

00D

Jan-

May

Mar

-Jul

Whi

teFu

el, M

isc.

Indi

a

May

tenu

s th

omso

nii D

.C.S

. Raju

&

Babu

+

++

+11

00-1

300

DAp

r-Jun

Jun-

oct

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar

Siph

onod

on

celas

trine

us g

riff.

++

1400

-220

0e

May

-Nov

Nov-

Jan

Crea

my

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Viet

nam

cent

Ropl

AcAc

eAe

Bhes

a ro

bust

a (R

oxb.

) Di

ng H

ou =

Cela

stru

s ro

bust

us R

oxb.

++

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00e

oct-D

ecDe

c-M

arYe

llowi

sh

gree

nM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal,

Tha

iland

clus

IAce

Ae

Garc

inia

affin

is W

all. e

x Pi

erre

++

++

200-

1000

DNo

v-Ja

nFe

b-Ju

nPa

le ye

llow

edib

leIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

Garc

inia

anom

ala P

lanch

. &

Trian

a+

++

++

++

900-

1800

eNo

v-Ja

nFe

b-Au

gYe

llowi

shM

edici

nal,

Misc

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

yanm

ar

Garc

inia

atro

virid

is gr

iff.

ex T.

And

erso

n+

500-

2000

DNo

v-Ja

nFe

b-Au

gRe

ded

ible,

M

edici

nal

Indi

a, M

alays

ia, M

alacc

a, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and

Garc

inia

cowa

Rox

b.+

++

++

++

++

300-

1200

DFe

b-M

ayM

ay-J

unYe

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and

Garc

inia

kydi

a Ro

xb.

++

200-

600

DDe

c-Fe

bM

ar-J

ulPa

le ye

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

Garc

inia

lance

ifolia

Rox

b.+

++

++

200-

1000

eFe

b-M

ayJu

n-Ju

lYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar


Garc

inia

lance

ifolia

va

r. ox

yphy

lla (P

lanch

. &

Trian

a) L

anes

s. =

Garc

inia

oxyp

hylla

Pl

anch

. & Tr

iana

++

++

400-

1200

eFe

b-M

ayJu

n-Ju

lYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia

Garc

inia

mor

ella

Desr.

++

++

200-

1000

eNo

v-M

arM

ar-J

unW

hite

edib

le,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mala

cca,

Mya

nmar

, Si

ngap

ore,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd

Garc

inia

pani

culat

a Ro

xb.

ex W

ight

++

++

++

++

400-

1000

DNo

v-M

arM

ar-J

unDu

ll whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l

Garc

inia

pedu

ncul

ata

Roxb

. ex B

uch.

- Ham

.+

++

++

100-

1000

DNo

v-M

arM

ar-J

unPa

le gr

een

edib

le, T

imbe

rIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh

Garc

inia

pict

oria

Buch

.-Ha

m.

++

++

++

+10

00-1

400

eAu

g-De

cJa

n-M

ayW

hite

edib

le, M

iscIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

Garc

inia

spica

ta H

ook.

f.+

800-

1300

eM

ar-J

unJu

n-Ju

lPa

le gr

een,

W

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mala

cca,

Mya

nmar

, Si

ngap

ore,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd

Garc

inia

stip

ulat

a T.

Ande

rson

++

++

+90

0-15

00e

Aug-

Dec

Jan-

May

Crea

my

yello

wM

isc.,

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan

Rhee

dia

mad

runo

(Kun

th)

Plan

ch. &

Trian

a =

Calop

hyllu

m m

adru

no

Kunt

h

++

++

500-

1200

eDe

c-M

arAp

r-Jun

Yello

wM

edici

nal,

Misc

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, T

haila

nd

com

BRet

AceA

e

Anog

eissu

s ac

umin

ata

(Rox

b. e

x DC.

) gui

ll., P

err.

& A.

Rich

. = C

onoc

arpu

s ac

umin

atus

Rox

b. e

x DC.

++

++

++

200-

1200

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ulYe

llow

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Anog

eissu

s lat

ifolia

(R

oxb.

ex D

C.) W

all. e

x Be

dd. =

Con

ocar

pus

latifo

lius

Roxb

. ex D

C.

++

+20

0-12

00D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

Crea

my

yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Term

inali

a ala

ta R

oth

++

++

++

200-

1400

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ulgr

eeni

sh

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Term

inali

a ar

juna

( Ro

xb.

ex D

C.) W

ight

& A

rn. =

Pe

ntap

tera

arju

na R

oxb.

ex

DC.

++

++

++

++

+20

0-14

00D

Apr-M

ayFe

b-M

ayW

hite

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m


Term

inali

a be

llirica

(g

aertn

.) Ro

xb.8 =

M

yrob

alanu

s be

llirica

ga

ertn

.

++

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1600

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ulPa

le gr

een

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n,

Cam

bodi

a, I

ndon

esia,

Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Term

inali

a ca

tapp

a L.

++

++

++

200-

1600

DM

ar-J

unJu

l-Sep

gree

nish

wh

iteAv

enue

, M

edici

nal

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

ew

guin

ea, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Term

inali

a ch

ebul

a Re

tz.+

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-16

00D

May

-Jun

Jul-D

ecgr

eeni

sh

white

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Term

inali

a cit

rina

(gae

rtn.)

Roxb

. =

Myr

obala

nus

citrin

a ga

ertn

.

++

++

++

+20

0-16

00D

May

-Jun

Jul-D

ecgr

eeni

sh

white

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and

Term

inali

a cr

enul

ata

Roth

.+

++

++

+20

0-16

00D

Mar

-Jun

Jul-S

epDu

ll yell

owFo

dder

Indi

a, P

akist

an, S

ri La

nka

Term

inali

a m

yrioc

arpa

Va

n He

urck

& M

üll. A

rg.

++

++

++

++

++

++

700-

1100

Doc

t-Nov

Dec-

Feb

Pale

Pink

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a,

Chin

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, V

ietna

m, T

haila

nd

coRn

AceA

e

Alan

gium

alp

inum

(C.B

. Cl

arke

) W.W

. Sm

. & C

ave

= M

arlea

beg

oniifo

lia va

r. alp

ina

C.B.

Clar

ke

++

++

++

++

1700

-300

0D

Jan-

Aug

oct-N

ovCr

eam

y wh

iteAv

enue

, M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Alan

gium

bar

batu

m

(R. B

r.) B

aill. =

Mar

lea

barb

ata

R. B

r.+

200-

1200

DJu

n-Au

goc

t-Mar

Crea

my

white

Aven

ue,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Alan

gium

beg

oniifo

lium

(R

oxb.

) Bail

l.= M

arlea

be

goni

ifolia

Rox

b.+

++

++

++

+20

0-14

00D

Jun-

Aug

oct-M

arCr

eam

y wh

iteAv

enue

, M

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Alan

gium

chi

nens

e (L

our.)

Har

ms

= St

ylidi

um

chin

ense

Lou

r.+

++

++

++

+15

00-2

000

DM

ay-J

ulJu

l-Nov

Crea

my

white

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Alan

gium

salv

iifoliu

m (L

. f.)

Wan

gerin

= G

rewi

a sa

lviifo

lia L

. f.

++

++

++

++

300-

1200

DFe

b-M

arM

ar-M

ayCr

eam

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, N

epal,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Se A

frica

, Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Aucu

ba h

imala

ica H

ook.

f. &

Thom

son

++

500

–130

0 D

Mar

-May

oct-M

ayRe

ddish

pu

rple

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar


Corn

us c

apita

ta W

all. 9

++

++

++

++

++

+10

00-3

200

eM

ay-J

ulSe

p-No

vYe

llow

edib

le,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Corn

us c

ontro

vers

a He

msl.

++

++

++

++

+17

00-2

200

DM

ay-J

unJu

l-Sep

Whi

teFu

el, F

odde

rIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Kor

ea,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Corn

us m

acro

phyll

a W

all. 10

++

++

++

+13

00-2

300

DJu

n-Ju

lAu

g-Se

pW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an

Corn

us o

blon

ga W

all.

++

++

+14

00-2

500

DSe

p-Ja

nAp

r-Jun

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Pakis

tan,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Toric

ellia

tiliifo

lia D

C.+

++

+16

00-2

600

DNo

v-M

arM

ar-A

prW

hite

Fuel,

Fod

der

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

cRyp

teRo

nIAc

eAe

Cryp

tero

nia

pani

culat

a Bl

ume

++

++

300-

1300

eJu

l-Aug

Sep-

Nov

gree

nish

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ph

ilippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

DApH

nIpH

yllA

ceAe

Daph

niph

yllum

hi

mala

yens

e (B

enth

.) M

üll. A

rg. =

Gou

ghia

him

alens

is Be

nth.

++

++

++

++

1500

-300

0e

Apr-J

unJu

n-De

cRe

ddish

br

own

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pa

kista

n, V

ietna

m

DIcH

Apet

AlAc

eAe

Dich

apet

alum

gelo

nioid

es

(Rox

b.) e

ngler

=

Moa

curra

gelo

nioid

es

Roxb

.

+30

0-15

00e

Mar

-Jun

Aug-

Dec

Crea

my

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

DIll

enIA

ceAe

Dille

nia

indi

ca L

.+

++

++

++

++

+20

0-80

0e

May

-Aug

Sep-

Feb

Whi

teed

ible,

M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Sri

Lank

a, V

ietna

m,

Thail

and

Dille

nia

pent

agyn

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

++

+20

0-90

0D

Jan-

May

Mar

-Jun

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, C

elebs

, Chi

na, In

done

sia, J

ava,

Le

sser

, Mya

nmar

, Viet

nam

, Tha

iland

Dille

nia

scab

rella

(D. D

on)

Roxb

. ex W

all. =

Colb

ertia

sc

abre

lla D

. Don

++

+20

0-50

0D

Jan-

Mar

Jun-

Jul

Yello

wed

ible

Indi

ia, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Vi

etna

m

DIpt

eRoc

ARpA

ceAe

Dipt

eroc

arpu

s gr

acilis

Bl

ume

++

200-

500

DNo

v-Ja

nFe

b-M

ayW

hite

Timbe

r, M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and


Dipt

eroc

arpu

s m

acro

carp

us V

esqu

e.+

++

++

+20

0-80

0D

Jan-

Feb

Apr-J

unYe

llowi

sh

brow

nTim

ber

Indi

a, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Philip

pine

s

Dipt

eroc

arpu

s m

anni

iKin

g ex

Kan

jilal, P

.C. K

anjila

l &

Das

+20

0-80

0D

Jun-

Jul

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia

Dipt

eroc

arpu

s re

tusu

s Bl

ume

++

++

200-

1200

DJu

n-No

vAu

g-M

ar R

eddi

shTim

ber

Indi

a, C

hina

, Jav

a, M

alays

ia

Dipt

eroc

arpu

s tu

rbin

atus

ga

ertn

.f.+

++

++

++

+20

0-80

0D

Jan-

Mar

May

-Jun

Pink

ish

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar

Hope

a sh

ingk

eng

(Dun

n)

Bor =

Vat

ica s

hing

keng

Du

nn+

++

200-

800

eJu

l-oct

Sep-

oct

gree

nTim

ber

Indi

a, C

hina

Shor

ea a

ssam

ica D

yer

++

++

++

++

200-

900

eAu

g-oc

tNo

v-M

arW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

Shor

ea ro

bust

a ga

ertn

. 11+

++

++

++

++

++

+40

0-90

0D

Feb-

May

May

-Jul

Whi

teTim

ber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Vatic

a lan

ceifo

lia

(Rox

b.) B

lum

e =

Vatic

a lan

ceifo

lia (R

oxbu

rgh)

Bl

ume

++

++

++

200-

900

eAp

r-May

May

-Aug

Yello

wish

wh

iteFu

elIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

eBen

AceA

e

Dios

pyro

s am

oena

Wall

. ex

g. D

on+

800-

1200

DJu

n-Ju

lAu

g-oc

tYe

llowi

sh

white

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, In

done

sia, N

epal,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, M

alays

ia, P

hilip

pine

s

Dios

pyro

s ca

char

ensis

(D

as &

P.C.

Kan

jilal)

H.B.

Nait

hani

= M

aba

cach

aren

sis D

as &

P.C.

Ka

njila

l

++

++

++

400-

1000

DJu

n-Ju

lAu

g-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan

Dios

pyro

s ch

lorox

ylon

Roxb

.+

++

++

+90

0-15

00D

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an

Dios

pyro

s co

rdifo

lia R

oxb.

++

800-

1400

DAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n,

Mya

nmar

, Mala

ysia

Dios

pyro

s di

gyna

Jac

q.+

++

500-

1000

eM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

edib

le In

dia,

Bra

zil, C

entra

l Am

erica

, Colo

mbi

a,

Mex

ico

Dios

pyro

s em

bryo

pter

is Pe

rs.

++

500-

1000

eM

ar-M

ayJu

l-Aug

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

Dios

pyro

s ele

gans

C.B

. Cl

arke

+10

00-1

500

DM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh

Dios

pyro

s ex

scul

pta

Buch

.- Ha

m.

++

400-

1000

DJu

n-Ju

lAu

g-oc

tW

hite

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, S

ri La

nka


Dios

pyro

s gl

andu

losa

Lace

++

400-

1000

DJu

n-Ju

lAu

g-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

white

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h

Dios

pyro

s gr

ata

Wall

. ex

A. D

C.+

++

1000

-150

0D

Jun-

Jul

Aug-

oct

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h

Dios

pyro

s hu

milis

Bou

rd.

+80

0-12

00D

Jun-

Jul

Aug-

oct

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Nep

al

Dios

pyro

s ka

ki L.

12+

++

++

++

+10

00-1

500

DM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tYe

llowi

sh

white

Fuel

Indi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an

Dios

pyro

s ka

njila

li Dut

hie

++

300-

1200

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Dios

pyro

s lan

ceola

ta P

oir.

++

++

++

++

500-

2500

DM

ay-J

unoc

t-Nov

Redd

ishM

isc.

Indi

a, B

orne

o, N

epal,

Pen

insu

lar M

alays

ia,

Philip

pine

s, Su

mat

ra, T

haila

nd

Dios

pyro

s lot

us L

.+

++

++

+50

0 -2

500

DM

ay-J

unoc

t-Nov

Pale

yello

wFu

el, M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, S

inga

pore

, Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

USA

Dios

pyro

s m

alaba

rica

(Des

f.) K

oste

l. 13 =

Ga

rcin

ia m

alaba

rica

Desr.

++

++

++

++

+60

0-12

00e

May

-Jun

oct-N

ovW

hite

or

gree

n

edib

le,

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, S

inga

pore

, Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

USA

Dios

pyro

s m

onta

na R

oxb.

++

++

++

++

300-

1200

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Chi

na, M

alays

ia, S

ri La

nka

Dios

pyro

s ni

grica

ns

Dalze

ll+

++

+40

0-12

00D

Apr-M

ayoc

t-Nov

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h

Dios

pyro

s pa

chyp

hylla

C.B

. Clar

ke+

++

++

+50

0-10

00D

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Sep

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

orne

o, M

allac

a, N

epal,

Peni

nsul

ar

Mala

ya, P

hilip

pine

s, Su

mat

ra, T

haila

nd

Dios

pyro

s pe

regr

ina

(gae

rtn.)

gürk

e =

Embr

yopt

eris

pere

grin

a ga

ertn

.

+40

0-10

00e

May

-Jul

Sep-

oct

Pale

yello

w F

odde

r, ed

ible,

M

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Mala

ysia

Dios

pyro

s pi

losul

a W

all.

ex H

iern

+60

0-11

00D

Jan-

Mar

May

-Jun

Pale

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, N

epal

Dios

pyro

s pu

ncta

ta D

ecne

.+

300-

1200

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Chi

na, M

alays

ia, S

ri La

nka,

Dios

pyro

s py

rrhoc

arpa

M

iq.

++

++

300-

800

eAp

r-Jun

Jul-o

ctDu

ll whi

teed

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and

Dios

pyro

s ra

cem

osa

Roxb

.+

++

++

++

500-

1200

eAp

r-May

oct-D

ecPa

le ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Bor

neo,

Chin

a, P

enni

nsul

ar M

alaya

, Ph

ilippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

Dios

pyro

s ra

miflo

ra R

oxb.

++

++

500-

1000

DAp

r-May

oct-N

ovPa

le ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

Dios

pyro

s st

ricta

Rox

b.+

++

+50

0-15

00D

Apr-M

ayoc

t-Dec

geen

ish

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar


Dios

pyro

s to

posia

Buc

h.-

Ham

.+

++

+50

0-12

00e

Apr-M

ayoc

t-Dec

Pale

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

orne

o,Ch

ina,

Pen

nins

ular

Mala

ya,

Philip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd

Dios

pyro

s un

dulat

aWall

. ex

g. D

on+

++

++

400-

1000

eAp

r-May

oct-N

ovge

enish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Dios

pyro

s va

riega

ta K

urz

++

++

++

+40

0-10

00D

Apr-M

ayoc

t-Dec

Yello

wish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar

elAe

AgnA

ceAe

Elae

agnu

s an

gust

ifolia

L.

++

2000

-250

0D

May

-Jun

Aug-

oct

Silve

ry

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Chi

na, K

azak

hsta

n,

Mon

golia

, Pak

istan

, Rus

sia, T

ajikis

tan,

Tu

rkm

enist

an, U

zbek

istan

Hipp

opha

e sa

licifo

lia D

on+

++

++

++

+28

00-3

500

DJu

n-Ju

loc

t-Nov

Brow

nish

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal

elAe

ocAR

pAce

Ae

Elae

ocar

pus

acum

inat

us

Wall

. ex M

ast.

++

++

1000

-150

0e

Jul-S

epoc

t-Dec

Whi

teSa

cred

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, N

epal

Elae

ocar

pus

arist

atus

Ro

xb.

++

++

++

++

1500

-200

0e

Apr-J

unJu

l-oct

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Misc

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar

Elae

ocar

pus

brac

eanu

s W

att e

x C.B

. Clar

ke+

++

++

+10

00-1

500

eAu

g-oc

tAp

r-Jun

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

Elae

ocar

pus

brac

teat

us

Kurz

++

++

++

+10

00-1

500

eM

ar-A

prJu

l-oct

Whi

teAv

enue

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar

Elae

ocar

pus

florib

undu

s Bl

ume

++

++

++

+10

00-1

500

eM

ar-A

ugoc

t-Dec

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, In

done

sia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

Elae

ocar

pus

glan

dulos

us

Wall

ich e

x Mer

r.+

++

++

+10

00-2

000

eM

ar-D

ecJu

l-Apr

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Misc

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

Elae

ocar

pus

inte

gr W

all.

ex M

üll. B

erol.

++

++

800-

1000

eDe

c-M

arJu

l-Sep

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Misc

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

Elae

ocar

pus

lance

ifoliu

s Ro

xb.

++

++

++

+15

00-2

200

eM

ar-A

ugoc

t-Dec

Whi

teed

ible,

Misc

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

aiwan

Elae

ocar

pus

lucid

us

Roxb

. +

++

1000

-120

0e

Feb-

May

Jul-S

epW

hite

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

Elae

ocar

pus

prun

ifoliu

s W

all. e

x Mül

l. Ber

ol.+

++

++

+10

00-1

500

eJa

n-M

arAu

g-oc

tW

hite

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n

Elae

ocar

pus

tect

oriu

s Po

iret

++

++

++

++

1500

-200

0e

May

-Jun

Aug-

oct

Whi

teed

ible,

Misc

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal,

Sri L

anka


Elae

ocar

pus

rugo

sus

Roxb

. ex g

. Don

++

1000

-150

0e

Feb-

Apr

Sep-

oct

Whi

teAv

enue

, Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

Elae

ocar

pus

serra

tus

L.+

++

++

1000

-150

0e

Mar

-Jun

Jul-o

ctW

hite

edib

le,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka

Elae

ocar

pus

sikkim

ensis

M

aste

rs+

++

+15

00-2

000

eJa

n-M

arJu

l-Aug

Whi

teed

ible,

M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n

Elae

ocar

pus

spha

ericu

s (g

aertn

.) K.

Sch

um.

++

++

++

++

1500

-200

0e

Jan-

Sep

Apr-D

ecW

hite

edib

le, S

acre

dIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal

Elae

ocar

pus

stap

fianu

sgag

nepa

in+

800-

1000

eM

ar-A

prJu

n-Au

gW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na

Elae

ocar

pus

varu

nua

Buch

.- Ha

m.

++

++

++

++

800-

1500

eFe

b-Ap

rJu

l-oct

Whi

teM

iscIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal

Sloa

nea

dasy

carp

a (B

enth

.) He

msle

y =

Echi

noca

rpus

das

ycar

pus

Bent

h.

++

++

+15

00-2

000

eJu

l-Nov

Jan-

Mar

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Sloa

nea

sigun

(B

lum

e) C

hum

ann

= Ec

hino

carp

us s

igun

Bl

ume

++

1000

-150

0e

Apr-J

ulAu

g-oc

tYe

llowi

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d

Sloa

nea

ster

culia

cea

(Ben

th.)

Rehd

er &

W

ilson

= E

chin

ocar

pus

ster

culia

ceus

Ben

th.

++

++

+60

0-10

00e

Sep-

Nov

Jan-

Apr

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Sloa

nea

ster

culia

cea

va

r. as

sam

ica (B

enth

.) Co

ode

= Ec

hino

carp

us

assa

micu

s Be

nth.

++

800-

1000

eoc

t-Nov

Jan-

Apr

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar

Sloa

nea

tom

ento

sa

(Ben

th.)

Rehd

er &

e.H

. W

ilson

= E

chin

ocar

pus

tom

ento

sus

Bent

h.

++

++

++

1500

-200

0e

Jul-S

epoc

t-Dec

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and

eRIc

AceA

e

Craib

ioden

dron

he

nryi

W.W

. Sm

.+

1200

-280

0e

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Jul

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

Enkia

nthu

s de

flexu

s (g

riff.)

C.K

. Sc

hneid

. = R

hodo

ra

defle

xa g

riff.

++

1000

-330

0D

Apr-J

ulJu

n-Ju

l

Whi

te,

brick

red,

or

pale

ye

llow

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Jap

an, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l


Lyon

ia ov

alifo

lia (W

all.)

Drud

e 14

= A

ndro

med

a ov

alifo

lia W

all.

++

++

++

++

++

+15

00-2

000

DM

ay-J

unJu

l-Sep

Whi

teFo

dder

, Fue

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a,

Japa

n, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Pakis

tan,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Lyon

ia vil

losa

(Wall

. ex

C.B.

Clar

ke) H

and.

-Maz

z. =

Pier

is vil

losa

Wall

. ex

C.B.

Clar

ke

++

++

1000

-360

0D

May

-Aug

Sep-

oct

Crea

my

white

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Pier

is fo

rmos

a (W

all.)

D. D

on =

And

rom

eda

form

osa

Wall

.+

++

1000

-360

0D

May

-Aug

Sep-

oct

Crea

my

white

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Rhod

oden

dron

ar

bore

um S

m. 15

++

++

++

++

++

+15

00-3

000

eAp

r-Jun

Jun-

Aug

Red

Fuel,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Rhod

oden

dron

ar

bore

um S

m. s

ubsp

. cin

nam

omeu

m (W

all.

ex g

. Don

) Tag

g =

Rhod

oden

dron

cin

nam

omeu

m W

all. e

x g.

Don

++

+26

00–3

800

eAp

r-Jun

Jun-

Aug

Pink

to

carm

ine

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Nep

al

Rhod

oden

dron

ar

bore

um S

m.

subs

p. d

elava

yi (F

ranc

h.)

D.F.

Cham

b. =

Rh

odod

endr

on d

elava

yi Fr

anch

.

++

2500

–320

0e

May

-Jun

Sep-

Dec

Crim

son

to

carm

ine

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Rhod

oden

dron

arb

oreu

m

var.

rose

um L

indl

.+

1500

-300

0e

Apr-J

unJu

n-Au

gPi

nk to

ca

rmin

eFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Rhod

oden

dron

de

cipien

s La

caita

+30

00-3

500

eAp

r-Jun

Jul-S

epPu

rplis

h pi

nkM

isc.

Indi

a

Rhod

oden

dron

dela

vayi

var.

pera

moe

num

(B

alf. f

. & F

orre

st) T

.L.

Min

g =

Rhod

oden

dron

pe

ram

oenu

m B

alf. f

. &

Forre

st

++

++

1500

-300

0e

Apr-M

ayAu

g-oc

tCr

imso

nM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

Rhod

oden

dron

ell

iottii

Wat

t ex B

rand

is+

++

1500

-300

0e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Sep

Crim

son

to

carm

ine

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Rhod

oden

dron

fo

rmos

um W

all.

++

+80

0–23

00

eAp

r-May

Jul-A

ugW

hite

or

pink

Fuel

Indi

a, C

hina

, Taiw

an

Rhod

oden

dron

gr

ande

Wig

ht+

++

1600

-290

0e

May

-Jun

Aug-

Sep

Crea

my

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal

Rhod

oden

dron

gr

iffith

ianum

Wig

ht+

++

+ 2

100–

2800

e

May

-Jun

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al


Rhod

oden

dron

ho

dgso

nii H

ook.

f.+

++

++

3500

–400

0e

May

-Jun

Aug-

Sep

Mag

enta

to

pur

ple

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Rhod

oden

dron

man

ii Sm

ith+

+15

00-1

800

eM

ay-J

unAu

g-Se

pCr

imso

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Rhod

oden

dron

m

anip

uren

sis B

alf e

t Wall

.+

++

+15

00-3

200

eAp

r-May

Jul-A

ugCr

eam

y wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Rhod

oden

dron

m

oulm

ainen

se H

ook.

++

1500

-280

0e

Mar

-Apr

Jul-D

ecYe

llowi

sh

white

Fuel

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Rhod

oden

dron

sin

ogra

nde

Balf.

f. &

W.W

. Sm

.+

++

2100

–360

0 e

Apr-M

ayAu

g-oc

tCr

eam

y wh

ite, P

ale

yello

wFu

el, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

escA

llon

IAce

Ae

Polyo

sma

inte

grifo

lia B

lum

e+

1000

-240

0e

Apr-M

ayAu

g-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, In

done

sia, M

alaya

Pa

ninn

sula,

Thail

and

eupH

oRBI

AceA

e

Aleu

rites

molu

ccan

us

(L.)

Willd

. = J

atro

pha

molu

ccan

a L.

++

++

++

200-

1000

eFe

b-Ju

nJu

n-De

cW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Bor

neo,

Chi

na,

Java

, Mya

nmar

, La

os, S

umat

ra, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Balak

ata

bacc

ata

(Rox

b.) e

sser

= S

apiu

m

bacc

atum

Rox

b.+

++

++

++

++

400-

1200

eFe

b-Ju

nAu

g-No

vgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, B

orne

o, C

hina

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, S

umat

ra, T

haila

nd

Clao

xylon

lon

gipe

tiolat

um K

urz

++

++

500-

1000

eFe

b-M

ayM

ay-J

ulCr

eam

y wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar

Cleid

ion

along

ense

Ben

net &

Su

bh. C

hand

ra+

++

++

600-

1400

eFe

b-M

ayM

ay-J

ulgr

eeni

shM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, B

orne

o, C

hina

, Ja

va, M

yanm

ar,

Laos

, Sum

atra

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Cleid

ion s

picifl

orum

(B

urm

. f.)

Mer

r. =

Acaly

pha

spici

flora

Bu

rm. f

.

++

++

++

++

200-

1000

eAp

r-Jun

May

-oct

Yello

wish

gr

een

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

acific

islan

ds

Crot

on c

hlor

ocaly

x Mül

l. Ar

g.

++

++

+30

0-18

00D

Apr-J

unJu

l-Nov

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar,V

ietna

m

Crot

on jo

ufra

Rox

b.+

++

800-

1300

DJa

n-M

ayJu

n-De

cW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

,Viet

nam

Crot

on lis

soph

yllus

Ra

dcl.-

Sm. &

gov

aerts

++

200-

1700

DAp

r-Jun

Jul-N

ovW

hite

Fiber

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h

Crot

on p

ersim

ilis M

üll.

Arg.

++

++

+50

0-13

00D

oct-D

ecDe

c-M

argr

eeni

sh

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Sr

i Lan

ka


Crot

on ti

gliu

m L

.+

++

+20

0-20

00e

Jan-

May

Jun-

Dec

Whi

teM

iscIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Sri

Lank

a, Ta

iwan

, Th

ailan

d

Endo

sper

mum

ch

inen

se B

enth

. +

++

++

200-

1000

DAp

r-Jun

Jul-o

ctgr

een

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, T

aiwan

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Euph

orbi

a ne

riifo

lia L

.+

++

++

200-

2600

eJu

n-Se

pSe

p-No

vYe

llowi

shM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na

Euph

orbi

a ni

vulia

Buc

h.-

Ham

.+

++

200-

1900

DJu

n-Se

pSe

p-No

vgr

een

Misc

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

Exco

ecar

ia ac

erifo

lia va

r. cu

spid

ata

(Mül

l. Arg

.) M

üll. A

rg. =

Exc

oeca

ria

him

alaye

nsis

var.

cusp

idat

a M

üll. A

rg.

+60

0-15

00e

Mar

-Jul

Sep-

Dec

Yello

wish

gr

een

Misc

Indi

a

Exco

ecar

ia ag

alloc

ha L

.+

300-

1200

eM

ar-J

ulSe

p-De

cYe

llowi

sh

gree

nM

isc

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Ja

pan,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, P

acific

Islan

d, S

ri La

nka,

Th

ailan

d, Ta

iwan

, Viet

nam

,

Exco

ecar

ia op

posit

ifolia

grif

f. +

++

++

+30

0-12

00e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Dec

gree

nTim

ber

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, Tha

iland

Hom

onoia

ripa

ria L

our.

++

++

+10

00-1

500

eDe

c-M

ayM

ay-S

epYe

llowi

sh

brow

nM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Lasio

cocc

a sy

mph

yllifo

lia (K

urz)

Hook

. f. =

Hom

onoia

sy

mph

yllifo

lia K

urz

++

200-

1000

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Aug

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a

Mac

aran

ga

dent

iculat

a (B

lum

e) M

üll.

Arg.

= M

appa

den

ticul

ata

Blum

e

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1200

eFe

b-Ap

rM

ay-A

uggr

eeni

sh

yello

wFo

dder

, Fib

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Jav

a,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Sum

atra

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Mac

aran

ga d

entic

ulat

a va

r. pu

stul

ata

(Kin

g ex

Ho

ok. f

.) Ch

akra

b. &

M.

g. g

ango

p. =

Mac

aran

ga

pust

ulat

a Ki

ng e

x Hoo

k. f.

+60

0-20

00e

Nov-

Jan

Jan-

Jul

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

er, F

iber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Mac

aran

ga

gam

blei

Hook

. f.

++

++

+60

0-20

00e

Apr-J

ulJu

ly-De

cgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar

Mac

aran

ga in

dica

Wig

ht+

++

++

++

++

1000

-160

0e

Jan-

Jul

July-

Dec

gree

nish

ye

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Sri

Lank

a, S

umat

ra,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Mac

aran

ga lo

wii K

ing

ex

Hook

. f.

++

200-

1200

eFe

b-Ap

rJu

n-Se

pYe

llowi

sh

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m


Mac

aran

ga

pelta

ta (R

oxb.

) Mül

l. Arg

. =

Osyr

is pe

ltata

Rox

b.+

++

+20

0-10

00e

Jan-

May

Jun-

Dec

Yello

wish

gr

een

Misc

.In

dia,

Mya

nmar

, Sri

Lank

a

Mall

otus

fe

rrugi

neus

(Rox

b.) M

üll.

Arg.

= R

ottle

ra fe

rrugi

nea

Roxb

.

++

++

++

200-

1600

eFe

b-M

ayJu

n-De

cCr

eam

y wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

Mall

otus

kha

sianu

s Ho

ok.

f. +

++

800-

1500

eFe

b-M

ayJu

n-De

cgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Mall

otus

nep

alens

is M

üll.

Arg.

+

++

++

++

500-

3000

eM

ay-J

uloc

t-Nov

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fuel

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Mall

otus

pa

nicu

latus

(Lam

.) M

üll.

Arg.

= C

roto

n pa

nicu

latus

La

m.

++

++

++

++

500-

1500

eM

ay-J

uloc

t-Nov

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fuel

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Mall

otus

ph

ilippe

nsis

(Lam

.) M

üll. A

rg. 1

6 =

Crot

on

philip

pens

is La

m.

++

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1400

eJu

l-Jan

oct-M

argr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

edici

nal,

Fodd

er

Indi

a,Au

stra

lia, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Osto

des

pani

culat

a Bl

ume

++

++

++

++

+30

0-24

00e

Jan-

May

May

-Dec

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Th

ailan

d

Osto

des

prain

ii gan

d.+

++

++

300-

2400

eJa

n-M

ayM

ay-D

ecW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and

Sapi

um

euge

niae

foliu

m B

uch.

-Ha

m.

++

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00e

May

-Aug

Sep-

Dec

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Bor

neo,

Cele

bes,

Chin

a, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sum

atra

, Tha

iland

Sapi

um in

signe

(Roy

le)

Bent

h. &

Hoo

k. f.

= Fa

lcone

ria in

signi

s Ro

yle+

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00D

Dec-

Mar

Mar

-Jun

Yello

wish

gr

een

Poisi

nous

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m


Sum

bavio

psis

albica

ns (B

lum

e) J

.J. S

m.

= Ad

isca

albica

ns B

lum

e+

+40

0-90

0D

Dec-

Feb

Mar

-Apr

Yello

wed

ible

Indi

a, B

orne

o, J

ava,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ph

ilippi

nes,

Sum

atra

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Sure

gada

mul

tiflor

a (A

. Ju

ss.)

Baill.

= G

eloni

um

mul

tiflor

um A

. Jus

s.+

++

+50

0-15

00e

Feb-

Mar

Ju

n-Se

pYe

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d

Trew

ia nu

diflo

ra L

. +

++

++

++

++

++

+50

0-10

00D

Feb-

Apr

Nov-

Dec

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Triad

ica s

ebife

ra (L

.) Sm

all 1

7 =

Crot

on

sebi

fer L

.+

++

++

++

++

++

500-

1000

DJu

n-Au

gDe

c-M

argr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Taiw

an

Vern

icia

ford

ii (He

msl.

) Ai

ry S

haw

= Al

eurit

es

ford

ii Hem

sl.+

++

800-

1200

DM

ar-M

aySe

p-No

vW

hite

Poisi

nous

, M

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Viet

nam

Vern

icia

mon

tana

Lou

r.+

++

500-

1200

DM

ar-A

prSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

fABA

ceAe

Acac

ia au

ricul

iform

is A.

Cu

nn. e

x Ben

th.

++

++

300-

1200

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-S

epYe

llow

Fuel,

Tann

in

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, M

alays

ia, M

aurit

ius,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, N

ew

guin

ea, P

akist

an, P

anam

a, S

inga

pore

, Sri

Lank

a, Ta

nzan

ia, U

nite

d St

ates

Acac

ia de

albat

a Lin

k 18

++

++

++

+10

00-2

300

DAp

r-May

Jul-A

ugYe

llow

Tann

inIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, P

akist

an, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

Acac

ia de

curre

ns W

illd.

++

++

+50

0-12

00e

Jan-

Apr

May

-Aug

Yello

wTa

nnin

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia

Acac

ia fa

rnes

iana

(L.)

Willd

. = M

imos

a fa

rnes

iana

L.+

++

++

++

++

200-

800

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-S

epYe

llow

Fuel,

Tann

in

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, M

alays

ia, M

aurit

ius,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, N

ew

guin

ea, P

akist

an, P

anam

a, S

inga

pore

, Sri

Lank

a, Ta

nzan

ia, U

nite

d St

ates

Acac

ia len

ticul

aris

Buch

.-Ha

m. e

x Wall

. +

++

++

++

200-

800

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-S

epYe

llow

Fodd

er

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, M

alays

ia, M

aurit

ius,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, N

ew

guin

ea, P

akist

an, P

anam

a, S

inga

pore

, Sri

Lank

a, Ta

nzan

ia, U

nite

d St

ates

Acac

ia m

odes

ta W

all.

++

++

+20

0-80

0D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Sep

Pale

yello

w F

uel, M

isc.

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Pak

istan

Acac

ia m

onilif

orm

is gr

iseb.

++

+20

0-80

0e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Sep

Yello

wAv

enue

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, M

alays

ia, M

aurit

ius,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, N

ew

guin

ea, P

akist

an, P

anam

a, S

inga

pore

, Sri

Lank

a, Ta

nzan

ia, U

nite

d St

ates

Acac

ia po

lyaca

ntha

W

illd. 19

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-80

0D

Apr-A

ugSe

p-Ja

nYe

llow

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

, Tim

ber

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Pak

istan

, Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd

Acac

ia ps

eudo

-ebu

rnea

J.

R. D

rum

mon

d ex

Dun

n+

++

300-

1200

DJa

n-Fe

bAp

r-May

Yello

wTa

nnin

Indi

a


Acro

carp

us fr

axin

ifoliu

s W

ight

++

+10

00-1

200

DAp

r-May

Jul-A

ugYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, Ta

nzan

ia, T

haila

nd, U

gand

a

Aden

anth

era

pavo

nina

L.

++

++

++

200-

1000

DAp

r-May

Jul-A

ugPa

le ye

llow

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Molu

ccas

, Pak

istan

, Sri

Lank

a

Albi

zia

arun

acha

lensis

K.C

. Sa

hni &

H.B

. Nait

hani

+

+20

0-10

00D

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Aug

Pale

yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a

Albi

zia c

hine

nsis

(osb

eck)

M

err.

20 =

Mim

osa

chin

ensis

osb

eck

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-18

00D

Mar

-May

Jun-

Dec

gree

nish

wh

ite o

r ye

llowi

shFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tanz

ania,

Tha

iland

, Uga

nda

Albi

zia g

ambl

ei Pr

ain+

+70

0-21

00D

May

-Jun

Aug-

Dec

Whi

teFo

dder

, Ave

nue

Indi

a, C

hina

, Nep

al

Albi

zia

julib

rissin

Dur

azz.

21+

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1200

DM

ay-J

ulAu

g-oc

tPi

nkAv

enue

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tanz

ania,

Tha

iland

, Uga

nda

Albi

zia k

alkor

a (R

oxb.

) Pr

ain =

Mim

osa

kalko

ra

Roxb

.+

++

200-

2600

DM

ay-J

unAu

g-oc

tVi

llous

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Jap

an, M

yanm

ar, V

ietna

m

Albi

zia le

bbec

k (L

.) Be

nth.

=

Mim

osa

lebbe

ck L

.+

++

++

++

++

++

200-

2600

DAp

r-May

Jul-A

ugW

hite

or

yello

wish

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, Ta

nzan

ia, T

haila

nd, U

gand

a

Albi

zia lu

cidior

(Ste

ud.)

I.C. N

ielse

n ex

H. H

ara

= In

ga lu

cidior

Ste

ud.

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1200

DAp

r-Jun

Sep-

Nov

Whi

te o

r ye

llowi

shFo

dder

, Ave

nue

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tanz

ania,

Tha

iland

, Uga

nda

Albi

zia m

ollis

(K. S

chum

.) F.

Mue

ll. =

Hans

eman

nia

moll

is K.

Sch

um.

++

+15

00-2

500

DM

ay-J

unAu

g-De

cW

hite

Fodd

er, A

venu

eIn

dia,

Chi

na, N

epal

Albi

zia o

dora

tissim

a (L

. f.)

Ben

th. =

Mim

osa

odor

atiss

ima

L. f.

++

++

++

++

++

600-

2000

DAp

r-Jun

Sep-

Nov

Whi

te o

r ye

llowi

shFo

dder

, Ave

nue

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tanz

ania,

Tha

iland

, Uga

nda

Albi

zia p

roce

ra (R

oxb.

) Be

nth.

= M

imos

a pr

ocer

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

++

++

200-

800

DM

ay-S

epSe

p-Fe

bYe

llow

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, Ta

nzan

ia, T

haila

nd, U

gand

a

Arch

iden

dron

cly

pear

ia (J

ack)

I.C.

Ni

elsen

= In

ga c

lypea

ria

Jack

++

++

++

+50

0-18

00D

Feb-

Jun

Apr-A

ugW

hite

or

yello

wish

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na


Arch

iden

dron

ar

unac

halen

se S

.S.D

ash

& Sa

njap

pa+

500-

1800

DFe

b-Ju

nAp

r-Aug

Whi

te

Misc

.In

dia

Arch

iden

dron

ni

elsen

ianum

S.S

. Das

h &

Sanj

appa

+80

0-12

00D

Feb-

Jun

Apr-A

ugYe

llow

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na

Bauh

inia

mala

baric

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

++

++

++

500-

1800

DSe

p-No

vFe

b-M

arLig

ht p

ink

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Pak

istan

, La

os, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Bauh

inia

purp

urea

L. 22

++

++

++

++

++

+40

0-15

00D

Sep-

Nov

Feb-

Mar

Dark

pu

rple

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Pak

istan

, La

os, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Bauh

inia

race

mos

a La

m.

++

++

++

++

++

800-

2500

DAp

r-May

Jun-

Aug

yello

wish

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Bauh

inia

retu

sa P

oir. 23

++

++

++

++

++

800-

2500

DSe

p-No

vFe

b-M

arCr

eam

y wh

iteFo

dder

, Ave

nue

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, P

akist

an,

Laos

, Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Bauh

inia

sem

la (B

uch.

-Ha

m. e

x Rox

b.) W

unde

rlin

= Ba

uhin

ia re

tusa

Buc

h.-

Ham

. ex R

oxb.

++

++

++

+40

0-15

00D

Sep-

Nov

Feb-

Mar

Dark

pu

rple

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, P

akist

an, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Bauh

inia

varie

gata

L. 24

++

++

++

++

++

+80

0-17

00D

Feb-

May

Mar

-Jul

Purp

lish

white

Fo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Pak

istan

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Bute

a m

onos

perm

a (L

am.)

Taub

. 25 =

Ery

thrin

a m

onos

perm

a La

m.

++

++

++

++

++

++

400-

1000

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ulor

ange

re

dFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Calle

rya

ciner

ea (B

enth

.) Sc

hot =

Mille

ttia

ciner

ea

Bent

h.+

+40

0-10

00D

Feb-

May

Mar

-Jul

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, P

akist

an, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Cass

ia fis

tula

L. 26

++

++

++

++

++

++

500-

1600

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ulgo

lden

ye

llow

Fodd

er,

Aven

ue,

Med

icina

l

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Cass

ia jav

anica

L.

++

++

++

++

+50

0-16

00D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

Yello

wFo

dder

, Fue

lIn

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gui

nea,

Pak

istan

, Ph

ilippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Cass

ia re

nige

ra W

all. e

x Be

nth.

+50

0-16

00D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

Yello

wor

nam

enta

l, Av

enue

Indi

a, C

hina

, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

akist

an,

Philip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m


Cass

ia tim

oren

sis D

C.

++

500-

1000

DJu

n-Se

pSe

p-De

cYe

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Cam

bodi

a, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Sri

Lank

a,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Dalb

ergi

a as

sam

ica B

enth

.+

+30

0-17

00D

Apr-J

ulSe

p-De

cW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Dalb

ergi

a lan

ceola

ria L

. f.

++

++

++

++

++

+10

0-10

00D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Dull w

hite

Fodd

er, T

imbe

rIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al, P

akist

an

Dalb

ergi

a lat

ifolia

Rox

b.

++

++

++

300-

1000

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unDu

ll whi

teTim

ber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Dalb

ergi

a oli

veri

gam

ble

ex P

rain

+30

0-90

0D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Dull w

hite

Timbe

r In

dia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Dalb

ergi

a pa

nicu

lata

Roxb

. +

++

+20

0-10

00D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Dalb

ergi

a pi

nnat

a (L

our.)

Pr

ain =

Der

ris p

inna

ta

Lour

.+

++

++

300-

1000

DJa

n-Ap

rM

ay-J

ulW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Dalb

ergi

a re

nifo

rmis

Roxb

.+

200-

1500

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unDu

ll whi

teTim

ber

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Dalb

ergi

a rim

osa

Roxb

.+

++

++

800-

1700

D

Apr-J

unJu

l-Dec

Whi

te o

r ye

llowi

sh

gree

nTim

ber

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Dalb

ergi

a se

ricea

g. D

on+

++

++

++

+90

0-16

00

DAp

r-May

Jun-

Sep

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Viet

nam

Dalb

ergi

a sis

soo

Roxb

. 27+

++

++

++

++

++

+30

0-10

00D

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Nov

Yello

wish

wh

iteFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

akist

an,

Philip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Derri

s ro

bust

a (R

oxb.

ex

DC.)

Bent

h. =

Dalb

ergi

a ro

bust

a Ro

xb. e

x DC.

++

++

++

300-

1000

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-No

vW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar

Dalb

ergi

a wa

ttii

C.B.

Clar

ke+

300-

1000

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-No

vW

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Eryth

rina

arbo

resc

ens

Roxb

.+

++

++

++

+40

0-21

00D

Jul-S

epAu

g-Fe

bRe

dTim

ber,

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Eryth

rina

crist

ae-g

alli

Kruk

off

28+

++

++

+40

0-22

00D

Jul-S

epAu

g-Fe

bRe

dTim

ber,

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Eryth

rina

fusc

a Lo

ur.

++

++

++

++

1200

-250

0D

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Nov

Red

Timbe

r, or

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd

Eryth

rina

stric

ta R

oxb.

++

++

++

300-

1400

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-No

vRe

dTim

ber,

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m


Eryth

rina

sube

rosa

Ro

xb. 29

++

+30

0-25

00D

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Nov

Red

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Nepa

l, Pak

istan

Eryth

rina

subu

mbr

ans

(Has

sk.)

Mer

r. =

Hypa

phor

us

subu

mbr

ans

Hass

k.

++

+30

0-60

0D

Aug-

oct

Mar

-Apr

Red

Timbe

r, or

nam

enta

l

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sing

apor

e, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Eryth

rina

varie

gata

L.

++

++

++

++

++

++

400-

2500

DFe

b-M

ayAu

g-Fe

bRe

dTim

ber,

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Ch

ina,

Indo

nesia

, Jap

an, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, P

acific

islan

ds, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Gled

itsia

aqua

tica

Mar

shall

+50

0-10

00D

Apr-J

unJu

l- Au

gYe

llowi

ahM

isc.

Indi

a, N

Amer

ica

Gled

itsia

assa

mica

Bor

++

+12

00-2

500

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-No

vYe

llowi

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia

Gled

itsia

triac

anth

os L

.+

++

++

200-

2500

DM

ar-M

ayM

ay-D

ecYe

llowi

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na

Gym

nocla

dus

assa

micu

s Ka

nj. e

x P.C

. Ka

nj.

++

++

+15

00-1

800

DM

ar-M

ayM

ay-D

ecW

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Gym

nocla

dus

chin

ensis

Bail

l. +

++

++

300-

1500

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-No

vW

hitis

h or

ting

ed

purp

leFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

Indo

pipt

aden

ia ou

dhen

sis

(Bra

ndis)

Bre

nan

= Pi

ptad

enia

oudh

ensis

Br

andi

s

++

++

++

200-

1000

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-No

vYe

llowi

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Si

ngap

ore,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Man

iltoa

polya

ndra

(Rox

b.) H

arm

s =

Cyno

met

ra p

olyan

dra

Roxb

.

++

++

+20

0-10

00e

Jun-

Sep

Sep-

Dec

Yello

wish

wh

iteTim

ber,

Misc

.In

dia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

Mille

ttia

bran

disia

na K

urz

+20

0-80

0D

Jun-

Sep

Sep-

Dec

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and

Mille

ttia

pegu

ensis

Ali

(Cul

.)+

++

++

+30

0-80

0D

Jun-

Sep

Sep-

Dec

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Mille

ttia

pisc

idia

Wig

ht

& Ar

n.+

300-

800

DJu

n-Se

poc

t-Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar

Mille

ttia

prain

ii Dun

n+

++

++

++

300-

800

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-Se

pPu

rplis

h wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar

Mille

ttia

pulch

ra (B

enth

.) Ku

rz =

Mun

dulea

pul

chra

Be

nth.

+30

0-17

00D

Apr

-Aug

Jun-

oct

Pale

red

to

scar

letTim

ber,

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Viet

nam

Mim

osa

rubi

caul

is La

m.

subs

p. h

imala

yana

oh

ashi

++

++

++

300-

2000

DAp

r-May

Jun-

Sep

Pink

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

New

gu

inea

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m


Orm

osia

assa

mica

Ya

kovle

v+

800-

1600

eJu

l-oct

oct-N

ovPi

nkM

isc.

Indi

a

Orm

osia

glau

ca W

all.

++

++

400-

800

DNo

v-De

cDe

c-Fe

bW

hite

Fuel

Indi

a, N

epal

Orm

osia

pinn

ata

(Lou

r.)

Mer

r. =

Cyno

met

ra

pinn

ata

Lour

.+

++

++

800-

1600

eJu

l-oct

oct-N

ovPi

nkM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

Orm

osia

robu

sta

Bake

r +

++

400-

800

DNo

v-De

cDe

c-Fe

bDu

ll whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

yanm

ar

Ouge

inia

oojei

nens

is Ho

chr.

30+

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-12

00D

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Se

pW

hite

or

pink

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

New

gu

inea

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Park

ia jav

anica

(Lam

.) M

err.

= Gl

edits

chia

javan

ica L

am.

++

++

++

200-

1200

DNo

v-De

cFe

b-Ap

rW

hite

or

pink

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na

Pelto

phor

um

pter

ocar

pum

(DC.

) Ba

cker

ex K

. Hey

ne =

In

ga p

tero

carp

a DC

.

++

++

200-

800

eM

ar-J

unJu

n-Ju

lYe

llow

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, N

ew

guin

ea, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Pelto

phor

um

pter

ocar

pum

(DC.

) Ba

cker

ex K

. Hey

ne =

In

ga p

tero

carp

a DC

.

++

++

++

200-

900

eM

ar-J

unJu

n-Ju

lYe

llow

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, M

alays

ia, P

olyne

sia, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Pith

ecell

obiu

m

bige

min

um (L

.) M

art.

= M

imos

a bi

gem

ina

L.+

++

++

+20

0-10

00e

Mar

-Jun

Jun-

Jul

gree

nish

ye

llow

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Pith

ecell

obiu

m

dulce

(Rox

b.) B

enth

. =

Mim

osa

dulci

s Ro

xb.

++

++

+30

0-10

00e

Mar

-Jun

Jun-

Jul

gree

nish

ye

llow

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Pith

ecell

obiu

m

hete

roph

yllum

(Rox

b.)

J.F.

Mac

br. =

Mim

osa

hete

roph

ylla

(Willd

.) Ro

xb.

++

++

200-

800

DM

ar-J

unJu

n-Ju

lW

hite

or

yello

wish

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Pith

ecell

obiu

m

mon

adelp

hum

Kos

term

.+

++

++

+30

0-10

00D

Mar

-Jun

Jun-

Jul

Whi

te o

r ye

llowi

shM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

Pith

ecell

obiu

m

mon

tanu

m B

enth

. +

++

500-

1800

DFe

b-Ju

nAp

r-Aug

Yello

wish

wh

iteTa

nnin

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

entra

l Am

erica

, In

done

sia, J

apan

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

acific

islan

ds,

Papu

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Pong

amia

pinn

ata

(L.)

Pier

re =

Cyti

sus

pinn

atus

L.

++

++

++

++

+50

0-20

00e

May

-Jun

Aug-

oct

Whi

te,

Pink

Fodd

er

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

entra

l Am

erica

, In

done

sia, J

apan

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

acific

islan

ds,

Papu

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam


Pros

opis

ciner

aria

(L.)

Druc

e =

Mim

osa

ciner

aria

L.+

500-

1800

DDe

c-M

arM

ar-M

ayCr

eam

y wh

iteFu

el, F

odde

rIn

dia,

Afg

anist

an, P

akist

an

Pter

ocar

pus

mar

supi

um R

oxb.

+

++

++

++

++

200-

1200

DFe

b-Ju

nAp

r-Aug

Crea

my

white

Med

icina

l

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

entra

l Am

erica

, In

done

sia, J

apan

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

acific

islan

ds,

Papu

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Sam

anea

sam

an (J

acq.

) M

err.

= M

imos

a sa

man

Ja

cq.

++

++

+20

0- 1

000

DAu

g-Se

poc

t-Dec

Yello

wish

re

dM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, S

outh

Am

erica

Senn

a flo

ribun

da (C

av.)

H.S.

Irwi

n &

Barn

eby =

Ca

ssia

florib

unda

Cav

.+

+20

0-80

0D

Apr-J

unJu

l-Aug

Yello

wTim

ber

Indi

a, B

razil

, Mex

ico,

Nam

erica

, Pak

istan

Senn

a sia

mea

(Lam

.) H.

S. Ir

win

& Ba

rneb

y =

Cass

ia sia

mea

Lam

.+

++

++

++

++

300-

900

eSe

p-De

cJa

n-Ap

rYe

llow

orna

men

tal,

Aven

ue

Indi

a, C

hina

, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

akist

an,

Philip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Senn

a su

ratte

nsis

(Bur

m.

f.) H

.S. Ir

win

& Ba

rneb

y =

Cass

ia su

ratte

nsis

Burm

. f.

++

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1200

DAp

r-Jun

Jul-A

ugYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Chi

na, In

done

sia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, N. A

mer

ica, S

.Afri

ca,

S.Am

erica

, Ta

iwan

Vach

ellia

nilot

ica (L

.) P.J

.H. H

urte

r & M

abb.

=

Mim

osa

nilot

ica L

.+

++

++

++

200-

800

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-S

epYe

llow

Fodd

er, M

isc.

Indi

a, A

rabi

an P

enin

sula,

Aus

tralia

, Bu

rma,

egy

pt, K

waZu

lu-N

atal,

Mag

hreb

, M

ozam

biqu

e, P

akist

an, S

ahel,

Sou

th

Afric

a, Z

anzib

ar

Xylia

xyloc

arpa

Taub

.+

++

++

++

200-

100

0D

Aug-

Sep

oct-D

ecgr

een

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

fAgA

ceAe

Cast

anea

sat

iva M

ill. 31

++

++

+15

00-2

500

DAp

r-May

Aug-

Sep

gree

nM

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina

, eur

ope,

Jap

an, N

. Afri

ca,

Turk

ey

Cast

anop

sis

arge

ntea

(Blu

me)

A. D

C.

= Fa

gus

arge

ntea

Blu

me

++

++

++

1500

-250

0e

Aug-

oct

Nov-

Feb

gree

ned

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Jav

a, S

umat

ra

Cast

anop

sis

arm

ata

(Rox

b.) S

pach

=

Quer

cus

arm

ata

Roxb

.+

++

++

1500

-250

0e

Aug-

oct

Nov-

Feb

gree

nish

wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina

, eur

ope,

Jap

an, N

. Afri

ca,

Turk

ey

Cast

anop

sis

cast

anica

rpa

(Rox

b.)

Spac

h =

Quer

cus

cast

anica

rpa

Roxb

.

++

++

++

+15

00-2

800

eAu

g-oc

tNo

v-Fe

bgr

een

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Cast

anop

sis c

larke

i Kin

g ex

Hoo

k. f.

++

++

500-

1000

eM

ar-M

ayoc

t-Dec

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

Cast

anop

sis

echi

noca

rpa

Miq

.+

++

++

1500

-280

0e

Mar

-May

Aug-

oct

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam


Cast

anop

sis h

ystri

x Miq

.+

++

++

1000

-160

0e

Apr-J

unAu

g-oc

t gr

eeni

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, La

os,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, V

ietna

m

Cast

anop

sis in

dica

(J.

Roxb

. ex L

indl

.) A.

DC.

32

= Ca

stan

ea in

dica

J.

Roxb

. ex L

indl

.

++

++

++

++

1000

-150

0e

Mar

-May

Sep-

Nov

gree

nish

wh

iteFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Laos

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Viet

nam

Cast

anop

sis

kurz

ii (Ha

nce)

S.N

. Bi

swas

= Q

uerc

us k

urzii

Ha

nce

+10

00-2

300

eAp

r-Jun

Aug-

oct

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Cast

anop

sis

lance

ifolia

Hick

el &

A.

Cam

us+

++

++

++

1000

-230

0e

Mar

-May

Sep-

Nov

gree

nish

wh

iteFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Cast

anop

sis

purp

urell

a (M

iq.)

N.P.

Balak

r. =

Cast

anea

pu

rpur

ella

Miq

.

++

++

+10

00-2

800

eM

ar-M

aySe

p-No

vgr

eeni

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Cast

anop

sis

tribu

loide

s (S

m.)

A. D

C. =

Qu

ercu

s tri

buloi

des

Sm.

++

++

1000

-150

0e

Apr-M

aySe

p-oc

t gr

eeni

sh

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Cast

anop

sis w

attii

(Kin

g ex

Hoo

k. f.)

A. C

amus

=

Cast

anop

sis tr

ibul

oides

va

r. wa

ttii K

ing

ex H

ook.

f.

++

+10

00-1

700

eJu

l-Sep

Aug-

oct

gree

nish

wh

iteFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

Cyclo

balan

opsis

he

lferia

na (A

. DC.

) oer

st.

= Qu

ercu

s he

lferia

na

A. D

C.

++

++

+10

00- 2

500

eM

ar-A

proc

t-Nov

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Cyclo

balan

opsis

lam

ellos

a (S

m.)

oers

t. =

Quer

cus

lamell

osa

Sm.

++

++

++

1300

-250

0e

Apr-M

ayNo

v-De

cgr

een

Fodd

er In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Th

ailan

d

Cyclo

balan

opsis

oxy

odon

(M

iq.)

oers

t. =

Quer

cus

oxyo

don

Miq

. +

++

++

++

800-

2800

eM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

white

Fodd

er In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Cyclo

balan

opsis

rex

(Hem

sl.) S

chot

tky =

Qu

ercu

s re

x Hem

sl.+

++

++

1000

-200

0e

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

Yello

wish

gr

een

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Viet

nam

Cyclo

balan

opsis

se

mise

rrata

(Rox

burg

h)

oers

t. =

Quer

cus

sem

iserra

ta R

oxbu

rgh

++

++

++

1500

-250

0e

May

-Jun

Aug-

oct

gree

nM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m


Litho

carp

us

acum

inat

us (R

oxb.

) Re

hder

= Q

uerc

us

acum

inat

a Ro

xb.

++

++

+10

00-2

800

eAp

r-May

Aug-

oct

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Litho

carp

us

dealb

atus

(Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n ex

Miq

.) Re

hder

=

Quer

cus

dealb

ata

Hook

. f. &

Tho

mso

n ex

M

iq.

++

++

1000

-280

0e

Aug-

oct

Aug-

oct

gree

nFo

dder

, Fue

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Litho

carp

us

elega

ns (B

lum

e) H

atus

. ex

Soe

padm

o =

Quer

cus

elega

ns B

lum

e

++

++

++

1000

-280

0e

Jul-S

epAu

g-oc

t gr

eeni

sh

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Litho

carp

us

fene

stra

tus

(Rox

b.)

Rehd

er =

Que

rcus

fe

nest

rata

Rox

b.

++

++

++

+10

00-1

700

eAu

g-oc

tSe

p-oc

tgr

een

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Litho

carp

us g

rand

ifoliu

s (D

. Don

) S.N

. Bisw

as

= Qu

ercu

s gr

andi

folia

D.

Don

++

++

500-

2000

eAp

r-May

Aug-

Sep

gree

nish

wh

iteFo

dder

, Fue

l In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Nepa

l, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Litho

carp

us k

amen

gens

is K.

C.Sa

hni e

t H.B

. Na

ithan

i+

1500

-200

0e

Aug-

oct

Sep-

oct

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a

Litho

carp

us lis

teri

(Kin

g ex

Hoo

k. f.)

grie

rson

&

D.g.

Lon

g =

Quer

cus

liste

ri Ki

ng e

x Hoo

k. f.

+20

00-2

500

eM

ay-J

unAu

g-Se

pgr

eeni

sh

white

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a

Litho

carp

us p

achy

phyll

a (K

urz)

Rehd

er

++

++

+10

00-3

200

eM

ay-J

unAu

g-Se

pgr

eeni

sh

white

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Litho

carp

us

polys

tach

yus

(Wall

. ex A

. DC

.) Re

hder

= Q

uerc

us

polys

tach

ya W

all. e

x A.

DC.

++

++

500-

2500

eM

ay-S

epAp

r-oct

gree

nFu

elIn

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, V

ietna

m

Litho

carp

us w

rayi

(Kin

g)

A. C

amus

= Q

uerc

us

wray

i Kin

g+

++

++

1500

-200

0e

Aug-

oct

Sep-

oct

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, M

alays

ia, S

umat

ra

Litho

carp

us

xyloc

arpu

s (K

urz)

Mar

kgr.

= Qu

ercu

s xy

locar

pa

Kurz

++

++

1800

-230

0e

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, V

ietna

m


Quer

cus

acut

issim

a Ca

rruth

.+

++

++

++

+10

0-22

00D

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

gree

nFo

dder

, Fue

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an,

Kore

a, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Quer

cus

baloo

t grif

f.+

++

2000

-270

0e

Apr-M

aySe

p-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

brow

nFo

dder

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Pak

istan

Quer

cus

bran

disia

na K

urz

++

++

++

+40

0-12

00e

Mar

-May

Sep-

oct

gree

nFu

elIn

dia,

Mya

nmar

Quer

cus

dent

ata

Thun

b.+

+10

0-27

00D

Apr-M

aySe

p-oc

tgr

een

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Kor

ea

Quer

cus

florib

unda

Lin

dl.

ex A

. Cam

us+

++

1500

-300

0D

Apr-M

aySe

p-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

brow

nFo

dder

Indi

a, A

fgha

nist

an, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Quer

cus

glau

ca

Thun

b.33

++

++

++

+12

00-2

200

DAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an, K

orea

, Pak

istan

Quer

cus

griffi

thii H

ook.

f. &

Thom

son

ex M

iq.

++

+70

0-28

00D

Apr-M

aySe

p-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

brow

nFo

dder

, Fue

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Sri

Lank

a,

Thail

and

Quer

cus

inca

na W

. Ba

rtram

++

+20

00-2

700

eAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

gree

nish

br

own

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Quer

cus

kam

roop

ii D.

Don

++

+70

0-28

00D

Apr-M

aySe

p-oc

tgr

een

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh

Quer

cus

lancif

olia

Bent

h.+

++

700-

2800

DAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Viet

nam

Quer

cus

lappa

cea

(Rox

b.)

Rehd

er =

Que

rcus

lap

pace

a Ro

xb.

++

++

2000

-300

0e

Jun-

Jul

Sep-

oct

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Pak

istan

Quer

cus

lanat

a Sm

. 34+

++

++

++

++

++

+20

00-3

000

eJu

n-Ju

lJu

n-Ju

l gr

eeni

sh

brow

nFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Quer

cus

leuco

trich

opho

ra

A.Ca

mus

35+

++

++

+20

00-3

000

eJu

n-Ju

lJu

n-Ju

l gr

eeni

sh

brow

nFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Quer

cus

mon

tana

Willd

.+

1000

-200

0e

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, V

ietna

m

Quer

cus

oblon

gata

gan

d.+

2000

-300

0e

Jun-

Jul

Sep-

oct

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an, K

orea

, Pak

istan

Quer

cus

olla

Kurz

++

++

+25

00-3

200

DAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

gree

nish

br

own

Misc

.In

dia

Quer

cus

robu

r (Te

n.) A

. DC

. = Q

uerc

us th

omas

ii Te

n.+

++

++

+17

00-2

500

DM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

brow

nFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, eur

ope

Quer

cus

rubr

a L.

++

+15

00-2

500

DM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tYe

llowi

sh

gree

nAv

enue

Indi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an, K

orea

Quer

cus

sem

ecar

pifo

lia S

m. 36

++

++

++

+26

00-4

000

eM

ay-J

unAu

g-oc

t gr

eeni

sh

brow

nFo

dder

Indi

a, A

fgha

nist

an, C

hina

, Nep

al, P

akist

an

Quer

cus

serra

ta T

hunb

.+

++

++

+30

0-20

00D

Mar

-Apr

Sep-

oct

gree

nish

br

own

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an, K

orea

Quer

cus

thom

soni

ana

A.

DC.

++

++

1800

-240

0D

Mar

-Apr

Sep-

oct

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar


Quer

cus

trunc

ata

King

ex

Hook

. f.

++

++

++

700-

2200

eJu

n-Au

gAu

g-oc

t gr

eeni

sh

brow

nFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Quer

cus

undu

lata

Torr.

++

1000

-300

0D

Mar

-Apr

Sep-

oct

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

gent

IAnA

ceAe

Fagr

aea

ceila

nica

Thu

nb.

++

++

500-

1800

eAp

r-Aug

Aug-

Nov

Whi

teor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

HAm

Amel

IDAc

eAe

Exbu

cklan

dia

popu

lnea

(R. B

r. ex

grif

f.)

R.W

. Bro

wn =

Buc

kland

ia po

puln

ea R

. Br.

ex g

riff.

++

++

++

++

400-

1000

eM

ay-J

ulAu

g-oc

tCr

eam

y wh

iteM

iscIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Hype

RIcA

ceAe

Crat

oxylu

m

form

osum

(Jac

k) D

yer =

El

odes

form

osa

Jack

++

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00D

Mar

-Jul

Aug-

Nov

Light

Pin

k or

red

edib

le,

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Mala

ysia,

Tha

iland

Crat

oxylu

m

form

osum

(Jac

k) D

yer

subs

p. p

runi

floru

m (K

urz)

goge

lein

= Tr

ides

mis

prun

iflora

Kur

z

++

++

++

200-

1000

DM

ar-J

unJu

n-Ju

lRe

ddish

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Th

ailan

d

Crat

oxylu

m

sum

atra

num

Blu

me

subs

p. n

eriifo

lium

(Kur

z) go

gelei

n =

Crat

oxylu

m

nerii

foliu

m K

urz

++

++

++

+20

0-12

00D

May

-Aug

Sep-

Mar

Brick

red

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

IcAc

InAc

eAe

Apod

ytes

dim

idiat

a e.

M

ey. e

x Arn

.+

++

++

+50

0-20

00e

Feb-

May

Jun-

Jan

Yello

wish

gr

een

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

Gom

phan

dra

tetra

ndra

(Wall

.) Sl

eum

er

= La

siant

hera

tetra

ndra

W

all.

++

++

++

500-

2200

eFe

b-M

ayJu

n-Ja

nW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Noth

apod

ytes

nim

mon

iana

(J. g

raha

m)

Mab

b. =

Pre

mna

ni

mm

onian

a J.

grah

am

++

++

1000

-230

0e

Jun-

Sep

Aug-

Jan

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Jap

an,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

Plat

ea la

tifoli

a Bl

ume

++

++

+10

00- 1

300

eFe

b-Ap

rJu

n-No

vgr

een

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Sing

apor

e, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

IteA

ceAe

Itea

chin

ensis

Hoo

k. &

Arn.

+

++

++

+20

0-24

00D

Mar

-May

May

-Dec

Whi

teFib

er, F

uel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam


Itea

mac

roph

ylla

Wall

.+

++

++

+50

0-15

00D

Mar

-May

May

-Dec

Whi

teFib

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Indo

nesia

, Mya

nmar

, Ph

ilippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Itea

nuta

ns R

oyle

+80

0-20

00D

Mar

-May

May

-Dec

Whi

teFib

er, F

uel

Indi

a, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Ixon

AntH

AceA

e

Ixona

nthe

s kh

asian

a Ho

ok.f.

++

1000

-150

0e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a

Ixona

nthe

s re

ticul

ata

Jack

+

1000

-150

0e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Jugl

AnDA

ceAe

Enge

lhar

dia

roxb

urgh

iana

Wall

. +

++

++

++

+20

0-15

00e

Feb-

Aug

Jan-

Dec

gree

nTim

ber

Indi

a, C

hina

,Cam

bodi

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Pak

istan

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Enge

lhar

dia

spica

ta L

esch

. ex B

lum

e37+

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0 - 2

000

eNo

v-Ap

rJa

n-Au

ggr

een

Fodd

er, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pak

istan

, Ph

ilippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Enge

lhar

dia

spica

ta L

esch

. ex B

lum

e va

r. co

lebro

okea

na (L

indl

. ex

Wall

.) Ko

ord.

&

Valet

on =

Eng

elhar

dia

coleb

rook

eana

Lin

dl. e

x W

all.

++

++

++

++

200

- 200

0D

Jan-

Apr

Mar

-Aug

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Enge

lhar

dtia

polys

tach

ya R

adlk.

++

+20

0-15

00D

Nov-

Apr

Jan-

Aug

gree

nFo

dder

, Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Jugl

ans

regi

a L.

38+

++

++

++

++

++

1500

-330

0D

Apr-M

ayoc

t-Nov

gree

nish

br

own

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, eur

ope,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

N.

Amer

ica, P

akist

an, P

hilip

pine

s, S.

Afric

a,

N.Ko

rea,

S.K

orea

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

lAm

IAce

Ae

Callic

arpa

ar

bore

a Ro

xb.39

++

++

++

++

+10

00-2

500

eM

ay-J

ulAu

g-De

cPu

rple

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a,

Chin

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Callic

arpa

vest

ita W

all. e

x C.

B. C

larke

++

++

400-

1500

eM

ay-J

ulAu

g-De

cPu

rple

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Nep

al

Cler

oden

drum

fa

rinos

um W

all.

++

+80

0-15

00D

Apr-J

unAu

g-oc

tBl

ueM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

yanm

ar

Gmeli

na a

rbor

ea R

oxb.

ex

Sm

.+

++

++

++

++

++

+60

0-10

00D

Apr-M

ay M

ay-J

ulYe

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Ph

ilippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Gmeli

na

oblon

gifo

lia R

oxb.

+60

0-10

00D

Jun-

Aug

Sep-

Nov

Yello

wTim

ber

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h

Leuc

osce

ptru

m

canu

m S

m.

++

++

++

+10

00-2

600

DNo

v-M

ar M

ar-M

ayYe

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, V

ietna

m


Prem

na b

enga

lensis

C.B

. Cl

arke

++

++

++

++

+10

0-90

0D

Nov-

Mar

Mar

-May

Yello

wish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Vi

etna

m

Prem

na b

ract

eata

C.B

. Cl

arke

++

++

600-

1300

DAp

r-May

May

-Jul

Yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n,Ch

ina

Prem

na

cory

mbo

sa R

ottle

r &

Willd

. = P

rem

na a

lston

ii M

olden

ke

++

++

+20

0-50

0D

Apr-M

ayJu

l-oct

Yello

wish

gr

een

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a,

Chin

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Prem

na la

tifoli

a Ro

xb.

++

500-

800

DAp

r-May

May

-Jul

Dust

y ye

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Vi

etna

m

Prem

na la

tifoli

a va

r. m

ucro

nata

C. B

. Clar

ke+

200-

1000

DAp

r-May

May

-Jul

Yello

wish

gr

een

Fuel

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Viet

nam

Prem

na lo

ngifo

lia R

oxb.

++

++

+60

0-13

00D

Apr-M

ay M

ay-J

ulYe

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Viet

nam

Prem

na lu

cidul

a M

iq.

+50

0-80

0D

Apr-M

ay M

ay-J

ulCr

eam

y ye

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Laos

, Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, V

ietna

m

Prem

na m

illeflo

ra C

.B.

Clar

ke+

++

600-

1500

DAp

r-May

May

-Jul

Yello

wish

gr

een

Fodd

erIn

dia

Prem

na m

olliss

ima

Roth

+20

0-12

00D

Nov-

Dec

Jan-

Feb

gree

nish

wh

iteFu

elIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Vi

etna

m

Tect

ona

gran

dis

L. f.

40+

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-12

00D

Jun-

Aug

Sep-

Dec

Whi

teTim

ber

Indi

a, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar

Vite

x altis

sima

L. f.

+

++

++

++

+20

0-90

0e

Jun-

Aug

Sep-

Dec

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, La

os, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Vite

x can

esce

ns K

urz

++

++

++

200-

1600

eM

ay-J

ulAu

g-Se

pYe

llow

Med

icina

l, Tim

ber

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Vite

x glab

rata

R. B

r.+

++

++

200-

1000

DM

ay-J

ulAu

g-Se

pW

hite

edib

le,

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Jap

an, M

alays

ia,

Philip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d

Vite

x het

erop

hylla

var.

undu

lata

(Wall

.) C.

B.

Clar

ke =

Vite

x und

ulat

a W

all.

++

200-

1100

eAp

r-May

May

-Jul

Whi

teM

edici

nal, F

uel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Vite

x lim

onifo

lia W

all.

+60

0-12

00e

May

-Jul

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Vite

x neg

undo

L.

++

++

++

++

++

++

300-

3200

eAp

r-May

May

-Jul

Whi

teFib

er,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

e A

frica

, Se

Asia,

Jap

an, P

acific

Isl

ands

Vite

x ped

uncu

laris

Wall

. ex

Sch

auer

++

++

++

++

+60

0-12

00e

May

-Jul

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Vite

x pin

nata

L.

++

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00e

May

-Jul

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Vite

x qui

nata

(Lou

r.) F.

N.

Willi

ams

= Co

rnut

ia qu

inat

a Lo

ur.

++

++

200-

1700

eM

ay-J

ulAu

g-Se

pDu

ll whi

teM

edici

nal,

Fuel,

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, J

apan

, Mala

ysia,

Ph

ilippi

nes,

Thail

and


Vite

x qui

nata

(Lou

r.) F.

N.

Willi

ams

var.

quin

ata

++

200-

1100

eM

ay-J

ulAu

g-Se

pW

hite

Med

icina

l, Tim

ber

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

lAuR

AceA

e

Actin

odap

hne

angu

stifo

lia N

ees

++

+10

00-2

700

eAp

r-May

Mar

-Jan

Crea

my

white

edib

le,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Nep

al

Actin

odap

hne

citra

ta (B

lum

e) H

ayat

a =

Litse

a cit

rata

Blu

me

++

++

+10

00-1

500

DAp

r-May

Mar

-Jan

Crea

my

white

edib

le,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Chi

na, J

ava,

Mya

nmar

, Taiw

an

Actin

odap

hne

longi

pes

Kost

erm

ans

++

+17

00-2

200

eNo

v-M

arAu

g-Se

pgr

eeni

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Nep

al

Actin

odap

hne

men

ghaie

nsis

J. Li

+10

00-1

500

eAp

r-May

Mar

-Jan

Crea

my

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na

Actin

odap

hne

obov

ata

(Nee

s) Bl

ume

= Te

trade

nia

obov

ata

Nees

++

++

++

++

1000

-270

0e

Apr-M

ayM

ar-J

anCr

eam

y wh

iteM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal

Actin

odap

hne

obov

ata

var.

watti

i Kin

g+

1000

-270

0e

Apr-M

ayM

ar-J

anCr

eam

y wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a

Actin

odap

hne

retic

ulat

a M

eisn.

+

1000

-270

0e

Nov-

Mar

Aug-

Sep

gree

nish

wh

iteFu

elIn

dia

Actin

odap

hne

sikkim

ensis

Meis

n.+

1000

-270

0e

Nov-

Mar

Aug-

Sep

gree

nish

wh

iteFu

elIn

dia

Alse

odap

hne

ande

rson

ii (K

ing

ex H

ook.

f.)

Kost

erm

. = C

rypt

ocar

ya

ande

rson

ii Kin

g ex

Ho

ok. f

.

++

++

+50

0-13

00e

Feb-

Apr

Jun-

Aug

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Alse

odap

hne

khas

yana

(Meis

n.)

Kost

erm

. = M

achi

lus

khas

yana

Meis

n.

++

++

+50

0-13

00e

Feb-

Apr

Jun-

Aug

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Alse

odap

hne

owde

ni R

. Pa

rker

+

+80

0-14

00e

May

-Jun

Jun-

Aug

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia

Alse

odap

hne

petio

laris

(Meis

n.) H

ook.

f. =

Noth

apho

ebe

petio

laris

Meis

n.

++

+60

0-10

00e

oct-N

ovDe

c-Ap

rgr

een

Misc

.In

dia

Beil

schm

iedia

abor

ensis

Ko

ster

m.

+60

0-12

00e

May

-Jul

Jul-A

ugYe

llowi

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia

Beils

chm

iedia

assa

mica

Meis

n.+

++

++

++

+10

00-2

500

eM

ay-J

ulJu

l-Aug

Yello

wish

wh

iteFu

elIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

Beils

chm

iedia

bran

disii

Hoo

k. f.

++

++

400-

1000

DDe

c-Fe

bM

ar-A

prgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and


Beils

chm

iedia

clark

ei Ho

ok. f

.+

200-

1200

DM

ay-J

ulAu

g- A

prYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia

Beils

chm

iedia

deom

alica

Be

nnet

& S

um. C

hand

ra+

500-

1500

DM

ay-J

ulAu

g-Ap

rYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia

Beils

chm

iedia

gam

miea

na K

ing

ex

Hook

. f.

++

+18

00-2

500

DM

ar-M

ayoc

t-Dec

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a

Beils

chm

iedia

roxb

urgh

iana

Nees

++

++

800-

1500

eM

ay-J

ulJu

l-Aug

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Th

ailan

d

Cinn

amom

um

bejol

ghot

a (B

uch.

-Ha

m.)

Swee

t = L

auru

s be

jolgh

ota

Buch

.-Ham

.

++

++

++

++

600-

1800

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ulYe

llow

Timbe

r, ed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Cinn

amom

um b

hask

arii

M. g

ango

p.+

1200

-240

0e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia

Cinn

amom

um

bish

nupa

dae

M. g

ango

p.+

1500

-250

0e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia

Cinn

amom

um

cach

aren

sis P

arke

r +

++

1500

-250

0e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

gree

nish

wh

ite o

r ye

llowi

sh

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Cinn

amom

um

cam

phor

a (L

.) J.

Pres

l 55

= La

urus

cam

phor

a L.

++

++

++

++

++

600-

1800

eAp

r-May

Aug-

Nov

gree

nish

wh

ite o

r ye

llowi

shed

ible

Indi

a, J

apan

, Kor

ea, V

ietna

m

Cinn

amom

um

glan

dulife

rum

(Wall

.) M

eisn.

= L

auru

s gl

andu

lifera

Wall

.

++

++

++

+12

00- 2

500

eM

ar-M

ayJu

l-Sep

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhut

an, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal

Cinn

amom

um

glau

cesc

ens

Hand

.-Maz

z. +

++

++

++

+12

00- 2

500

eM

ar-M

ayJu

l-Sep

gree

n wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Cinn

amom

um

heyn

eanu

m N

ees

++

200-

800

eM

ar-M

ayJu

l-Sep

gree

n wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

Cinn

amom

um

impr

essin

erviu

m M

eisn.

++

++

2000

-260

0e

Mar

-May

Jul-S

epW

hite

edib

le,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a

Cinn

amom

um

iner

s Re

inw.

ex B

lum

e+

300-

1000

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ungr

een

edib

le,

Med

icina

l

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Cinn

amom

um lo

hite

nsis

M. g

ango

p+

1000

-200

0e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

gree

n wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a

Cinn

amom

um

pauc

ifloru

m N

ees

++

400-

2200

eM

ar-A

ugSe

p-oc

tgr

een

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Chi

na, N

epal

Cinn

amom

um s

anjap

pae

M. g

ango

p.+

1100

-220

0e

Mar

-Aug

Sep-

oct

gree

n wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a

Cinn

amom

um s

uvra

e M

. ga

ngop

.+

600-

2200

eFe

b-Ap

rJu

n-oc

tgr

een

white

Misc

.In

dia


Cinn

amom

um

tam

ala (B

uch.

-Ham

.) T.

Nees

& N

ees

= La

urus

ta

mala

Buc

h.-H

am.

++

++

++

++

++

+11

00-2

200

eAp

r-May

May

-Jun

gree

n wh

iteed

ible,

M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Cinn

amom

um te

nuip

ile

Kost

erm

. +

++

++

+50

0-21

00e

Feb-

Apr

Jun-

oct

Yello

wed

ible,

M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Cinn

amom

um ve

rum

J.

Pres

l+

++

+60

0-22

00e

Apr-M

ayM

ay-J

ungr

een

white

edib

le,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a

Cryp

toca

rya

amyg

dalin

a Ne

es+

++

++

++

200-

1100

eJu

n-Au

goc

t-Dec

Yello

wed

ible,

M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Cryp

toca

rya

burk

illii M

. gh

ngop

+15

00- 2

600

eFe

b-M

ayJu

n- A

uggr

een

white

Misc

.In

dia

Cryp

toca

rya

cave

i M.

ghng

op+

500-

1200

eFe

b-M

arJu

n- J

ulYe

llowi

shM

edici

nal

Indi

a

Cryp

toca

rya

deka

e M

. ga

ngop

.+

+10

00-1

500

eJu

n-Au

goc

t-Dec

gree

n wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a

Deha

asia

arun

acha

lensis

M

. gan

gop

+10

00-1

500

eJu

n-Au

goc

t-Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a

Dode

cade

nia

gran

diflo

ra

Nees

++

2000

-260

0e

Jun-

Aug

oct-D

ecW

hite

Misc

. In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Dode

cade

nia

pani

culat

a Ho

ok. f

. +

++

++

+15

00- 2

600

eJu

n-Au

goc

t-Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Endi

andr

a fir

ma

Nees

++

800-

1200

eoc

t-Nov

Dec-

Jan

Yello

wish

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

Itead

aphn

e ca

udat

a (N

ees)

H.W

. Li =

Da

phni

dium

cau

datu

m

Nees

++

++

++

+70

0-23

00e

oct-A

prM

ar-o

ctgr

een

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Linde

ra

assa

mica

(Meis

n.) K

urz =

Ap

erul

a as

sam

ica M

eisn.

++

800-

1200

DFe

b-M

ayJu

n- A

ugW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia

Linde

ra h

amilto

nii

Kost

erm

.+

800-

1200

DFe

b-M

arJu

n- J

ulW

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Linde

ra la

tifoli

a Ho

ok. f

.+

++

++

+15

00-3

000

eFe

b-Ap

rM

ay-N

ovYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, V

ietna

m

Linde

ra m

eissn

eri K

ing

++

++

++

800-

1200

DFe

b-M

ayJu

n- A

ugW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan

Linde

ra

mela

stom

acea

Fer

n.-V

ill.+

1500

-200

0D

Feb-

Apr

Jun-

Aug

Whi

teFu

elIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Linde

ra n

eesia

na (W

all.

ex N

ees)

Kurz

= B

enzo

in

nees

ianum

Wall

. ex N

ees

++

++

++

+12

00-2

500

DAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

Yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Linde

ra n

eesia

na (W

all,

ex N

ees)

Kurz

var.

griffi

thii

Hook

.f.

+15

00-2

000

DAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a


Linde

ra n

acus

ua (D

.Don

) M

err.

= La

urus

nac

usua

D.

Don

+70

0-25

00D

May

-Jun

Jul-o

ctBr

owni

sh

yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Viet

nam

Linde

ra n

acus

ua (D

. Do

n) M

err.

var.

nacu

sua

= Da

phni

dium

bifa

rium

Ne

es

++

800-

1200

DFe

b-M

arJu

n- J

ulYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan

Linde

ra o

btus

iloba

Blu

me

++

2000

-300

0D

Mar

-Apr

Aug-

Sep

Brow

nish

ye

llow

Med

icina

l, M

iscIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Kor

ea, N

epal

Linde

ra o

btus

iloba

var.

hete

roph

ylla

(Meis

n.)

H.B.

Cui

= L

inde

ra

hete

roph

ylla

Meis

n.

++

+20

00-3

000

DM

ar-A

prAu

g-Se

pYe

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal

Linde

ra

pulch

errim

a (N

ees)

Hook

. f. =

Dap

hnid

ium

pu

lcher

rimum

Nee

s

++

++

+30

0-37

00e

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Aug

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Linde

ra p

ulch

errim

a (N

ees)

Hook

. F. s

ubsp

. th

omso

nii (

CK.A

llen)

D.g

. Lo

ng

+15

00-2

000

eFe

b-Ap

rM

ay-N

ovW

hite

Fuel

Indi

a

Linde

ra re

ticul

ata

(Nee

s) Be

nth.

& H

ook.

f. =

Polya

deni

a re

ticul

ata

Nees

++

+60

0-10

00D

Apr-J

unAu

g- o

ctYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan

Linde

ra s

anjap

pae

Bhau

mik,

M.K

. Pat

hak

& Ch

akra

.+

1500

-200

0e

Feb-

Apr

May

-Nov

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a

Linde

ra ve

rmae

M.K

. Pa

thak

, Bha

umik

& Ch

akra

b.

+15

00-2

000

eFe

b-Ap

rM

ay-N

ovW

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Litse

a alb

icans

(Kur

z) Ho

ok. f

. = Te

trant

hera

alb

icans

Kur

z+

++

++

+15

00-2

000

eNo

v-De

cFe

b-M

argr

eeni

sh

yello

wFu

elIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na

Litse

a an

gust

ifolia

(Nee

s) Ho

ok. f

. = A

ctin

odap

hne

angu

stifo

lia N

ees

++

++

600-

1400

eM

ar-M

ayAu

g- N

ovgr

eeni

sh

yello

wFu

elIn

dia,

Bhu

tan

Litse

a as

sam

ica H

ook.

f.+

++

800-

1200

eM

ar-M

ayAu

g- N

ovDu

ll whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a

Litse

a ch

arta

cea

Hook

. f.

++

1000

-250

0e

Mar

-May

Aug-

Nov

Dull w

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Nep

al, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

Litse

a ch

inen

sis L

am.

++

1000

-150

0e

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Ph

ilippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Litse

a cit

rata

Blu

me

++

++

++

++

+30

0-32

00e

Feb-

Mar

Jul-A

uggr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Philip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m


Litse

a elo

ngat

a (N

ees)

Hook

. f.

= Da

phni

dium

elo

ngat

um N

ees

++

++

++

++

+50

0-23

00e

May

-Nov

Feb-

Jun

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Chi

na, N

epal

Litse

a gl

utin

osa

(Lou

r.)

C.B.

Rob

. = S

ebife

ra

glut

inos

a Lo

ur.

++

++

++

+15

00-2

000

eM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Philip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Litse

a se

bife

ra P

ers.

56

++

1000

-150

0e

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Ph

ilippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Litse

a ho

oker

i Lon

g +

++

200-

1000

eM

ar-J

unM

ay- S

epYe

llowi

sh

brow

nFu

elIn

dia,

Chi

na

Litse

a kh

asya

na M

eisn.

++

++

+60

0-80

0e

Jun-

Jul

oct-

Dec

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a

Litse

a kin

gii H

ook.

f.+

++

1000

-320

0D

Feb-

Mar

Jul-A

uggr

eeni

sh

white

Fuel,

Misc

. In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Litse

a ku

rzii K

ing

ex

Hook

. f.

++

++

300-

2300

eM

ay-N

ovFe

b- J

ungr

eeni

sh

yello

wFu

el, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n

Litse

a lae

ta (N

ees)

Hook

. f.

= Te

trant

hera

laet

a Ne

es+

++

++

+60

0-10

00e

Nov-

Jan

Feb-

Apr

Dull w

hite

Fuel,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Litse

a m

eissn

eri H

ook.

f.+

++

++

1500

-200

0e

Feb-

Apr

May

- Jun

Dull w

hite

Fuel,

Misc

.In

dia

Litse

a m

embr

anifo

lia H

ook.

f.+

+15

00-2

000

eFe

b-Ap

rM

ay- J

unCr

eam

Misc

.In

dia

Litse

a m

ishm

iensis

Hoo

k. f.

+15

00-2

000

eFe

b-Ap

rM

ay- J

unCr

eam

Misc

.In

dia

Litse

a m

onop

etala

(Rox

b.)

Pers

.= Te

trant

hera

m

onop

etala

Rox

b.+

++

++

++

++

+80

0-15

00e

Nov-

May

Jun-

Jul

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, La

os,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Litse

a ni

tida

(Rox

b.) H

ook.

f. =

Tetra

nthe

ra n

itida

Roxb

.+

++

800-

1300

eM

ar-A

prJu

n-Ju

lCr

eam

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Per

u

Litse

a ob

longa

(Nee

s) Ho

ok. f

. = Te

trant

hera

ob

longa

Nee

s+

++

1300

-200

0e

Sep-

oct

Jan-

Mar

Crea

mFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Litse

a se

ricea

(Wall

. ex

Nee

s) Ho

ok. f

. =

Tetra

nthe

ra s

erice

a W

all.

ex N

ees

++

++

500-

3400

DAp

r-May

Aug-

Sep

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, N

epal

Litse

a pa

nam

anja

(Buc

h.-

Ham

. ex N

ees)

Hook

. f. =

Te

trant

hera

pan

aman

ja Bu

ch.-H

am. e

x Nee

s

++

+10

00-2

000

eAu

g-Se

pM

ar- J

unYe

llow

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Ne

pal, V

ietna

m

Litse

a ro

bust

a Bl

ume

++

1000

-200

0e

Aug-

Sep

Mar

-Jun

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, I

ndon

esia,

Mala

ysia,

Nep

al,

Thail

and


Litse

a sa

licifo

lia (J

. Rox

b.

ex N

ees)

Hook

. f. =

Te

trant

hera

sali

cifoli

a J.

Roxb

. ex N

ees

++

++

++

300-

1200

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Sep

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Viet

nam

Litse

a sa

licifo

lia (J

. Rox

b.

ex N

ees)

Hook

. f. v

ar.

atte

nuat

a M

eissn

. ex

Hook

.f.

++

++

++

300-

1500

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Sep

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, V

ietna

m

Litse

a sa

licifo

lia (N

ees)

Hook

.f. va

r. po

lyneu

ra

Hook

.f.+

+60

0-14

00e

Nov-

Apr

Sep-

oct

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia

Litse

a se

mec

arpi

folia

(Wall

. ex

Nee

s) Ho

ok.

f. =

Tetra

nthe

ra

sem

ecar

pifo

lia W

all. e

x Ne

es

++

++

+60

0-14

00e

Nov-

Apr

Sep-

oct

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and

Litse

a th

omso

nii H

ook.

F.+

++

800-

1300

eAu

g-Se

pSe

p- o

ctCr

eam

Misc

.In

dia,

Nep

al

Mac

hilu

s ed

ulis

King

ex

Hook

. f.

++

++

600-

1000

eAp

r-May

Jul-

Aug

Whi

teFu

elIn

dia,

Nep

al

Mac

hilu

s gl

auce

scen

s (N

ees)

Wig

ht =

Oco

tea

glau

cesc

ens

Nees

++

++

++

++

+50

0-80

0e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Whi

teTim

ber,

Fuel

Indi

a, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a

Mac

hilu

s gl

obos

a A.

Das

+

+60

0-10

00e

Apr-M

ayJu

n- A

ugW

hite

Fuel,

Misc

.In

dia,

Nep

al

Mac

hilu

s kin

gii H

ook.

f. +

++

+15

00-2

000

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Aug

Whi

teFu

el, M

isc.

Indi

a

Mac

hilu

s ku

rzii K

ing

ex

Hook

. f.

++

+25

00-3

000

eJu

n-Au

gSe

p- o

ctW

hite

Fuel

Indi

a, N

epal

Mac

hilu

s se

ricea

Blu

me

++

++

++

1500

-200

0e

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Jul

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, N

epal

Neoc

inna

mom

um

caud

atum

(Nee

s) M

err.

= Ci

nnam

omum

cau

datu

m

Nees

++

++

+80

0-16

00e

Jun-

Sep

oct-

Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Neoli

tsea

cas

sia (L

.) Ko

ster

m. =

Lau

rus

cass

ia L.

++

++

++

500-

2000

eJu

n-Au

goc

t-Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Neoli

tsea

cui

pala

(D. D

on)

Kost

erm

. =Te

trant

hera

cu

ipala

D. D

on+

++

++

++

+60

0-18

00e

Mar

-May

Jun-

Jul

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fuel

Indi

a, C

hina

, Pak

istan

Neoli

tsea

folio

sa (N

ees)

gam

ble

= Te

trade

nia

folio

sa N

ees

++

+18

00-2

500

eNo

v-De

cJa

n- M

argr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal


Neoli

tsea

pall

ens

(D.

Don)

Mom

iy. &

H. H

ara

= Te

trade

nia

palle

ns D

. Don

++

++

++

2100

-240

0e

Mar

-May

Jun-

Jul

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Neoli

tsea

san

jappa

e M

.K. P

atha

k, Bh

aum

ik &

Chak

rab.

+15

00-2

000

eNo

v-De

cJa

n- M

argr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a

Neoli

tsea

zeyla

nica

(Nee

s &

T. Ne

es) M

err.

= Lit

sea

zeyla

nica

Nee

s &

T. Ne

es+

++

++

++

+70

0-10

00e

oct-N

ovoc

t-Dec

Yello

wish

gr

een

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Chi

na, M

alays

ia, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Para

sass

afra

s co

nfer

tiflor

um (M

eisn.

) D.

g. L

ong

= Ac

tinod

aphn

e co

nfer

tiflor

a M

eisn.

++

+23

00-2

700

eM

ar-M

ayJu

n-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

Pers

ea a

runa

chale

nsis

M.

gang

op.

+50

0-12

00e

Jun-

Aug

Sep-

Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a

Pers

ea c

aeru

lea (R

uiz

& Pa

v.) M

ez =

Lau

rus

caer

ulea

Rui

z & P

av.

++

++

+50

0-12

00e

Jun-

Aug

Sep-

Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, N

epal

Pers

ea

clark

eana

Kos

term

.+

++

++

+16

00-2

500

eJa

n-M

arAp

r- Ju

nW

hite

Timbe

r, Fu

elIn

dia,

Nep

al

Pers

ea d

ubia

(Das

& P.

C.

Kanj

ilal)

Kost

erm

. +

+15

00-2

200

eoc

t-Nov

oct-D

ecYe

llowi

sh

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a

Pers

ea d

uthi

ei (K

ing)

Ko

ster

m. =

Mac

hilu

s du

thiei

Kin

g+

++

++

++

1500

-270

0e

May

-Jun

Aug-

oct

Yello

wish

gr

een

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Pers

ea

fruct

ifera

Kos

term

. +

++

++

+50

0-10

00e

May

-Jun

Aug-

oct

Yello

wish

gr

een

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Pers

ea g

ambl

ei (K

ing

ex

Hook

. f.)

Kost

erm

.+

++

++

++

++

+50

0-15

00e

oct-D

ecJa

n- M

arPa

le wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Pers

ea

gam

miea

na K

oste

rm.

++

+18

00-2

500

eJa

n-M

arAp

r- Ju

nW

hite

Timbe

r, Fu

elIn

dia,

Nep

al

Pers

ea g

lobul

aria

Kost

erm

.+

+80

0-13

00e

Apr-J

unoc

t- De

cW

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Pers

ea h

arid

asan

ii M.

gang

op.

+80

0 - 2

100

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

or

yello

wish

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a

Pers

ea k

ingi

i Kos

term

.+

++

+80

0-13

00e

Apr-J

unoc

t- De

cW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Nep

al

Pers

ea lis

teri

Kost

erm

. +

++

600-

1000

eJa

n-M

arAp

r- Ju

nW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Pers

ea lo

hite

nsis

M.

gang

op.

+80

0 - 2

100

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

or

yello

wish

Misc

.In

dia

Pers

ea m

inut

iflora

Ko

ster

m. =

Mac

hilu

s pa

rviflo

ra M

eisn.

+80

0-13

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Whi

te o

r ye

llowi

shM

isc.

Indi

a


Pers

ea o

dora

tissim

a (N

ees)

Kost

erm

. =

Mac

hilu

s od

orat

issim

us

Nees

++

++

++

++

++

+80

0 - 2

100

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

or

yello

wish

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Pers

ea p

allid

a (N

ees)

oliv.

=

Phoe

be p

allid

a (N

ees)

Nees

++

++

++

1500

- 210

0e

Mar

-May

Jun-

Aug

Pale

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Pers

ea p

arvifl

ora

(Sw.

) Sp

reng

. = L

auru

s pa

rviflo

ra S

w.+

++

++

800-

1300

eJa

n-M

arAp

r-Jun

Whi

teTim

ber,

Fuel

Indi

a, N

epal

Pers

ea s

harm

ae M

. ga

ngop

. +

+50

0-12

00e

Jun-

Aug

Sep-

Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, N

epal

Pers

ea s

ikkim

ensis

M.

gang

op.

+50

0-15

00e

Jun-

Aug

Sep-

Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a

Pers

ea w

allich

ii Lon

g

++

++

500-

1000

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Nep

al

Phoe

be a

ttenu

ata

(Nee

s) Ne

es =

Oco

tea

atte

nuat

a Ne

es+

++

++

++

+60

0-10

00e

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

oct

Pale

yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Phoe

be b

aishy

ae M

. ga

ngop

.+

500-

1500

eJu

n-Au

gSe

p-De

cW

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Phoe

be c

athi

a (D

. Do

n) K

oste

rm. =

Ci

nnam

omum

cat

hia

D. D

on

++

600-

1000

eM

ar-A

prJu

n-oc

tPa

le ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Phoe

be

coop

erian

a P.C

.Kan

j. &

Das

++

+60

0-13

00e

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Aug

Pale

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a

Phoe

be

goalp

aren

sis H

utch

.+

++

800-

1500

eFe

b-Ap

rJu

n-Au

gPa

le ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Nep

al

Phoe

be

hain

esian

a Br

andi

s+

400-

1500

eFe

b-Ap

rJu

n-Au

gPa

le ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Nep

al

Phoe

be la

nceo

lata

(Nee

s) Ne

es+

++

++

++

++

++

300-

1400

eAp

r-May

Jul-S

epYe

llowi

sh

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, N

epal,

Th

ailan

d

Phoe

be p

anicu

lata

(Nee

s) Ne

es =

Oco

tea

pani

culat

a Ne

es+

++

+60

0-10

00e

Mar

-May

Jun-

Aug

Pale

white

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

lecy

tHID

AceA

e

Barri

ngto

nia

acut

angu

la (L

.) ga

ertn

. =

Euge

nia

acut

angu

la L.

++

++

+40

0-18

00e

May

-Sep

Sep-

Nov

Red

Fodd

er, e

dibl

e,

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, A

fgha

nist

an, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

ew

guin

ea, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m,

Care

ya a

rbor

ea R

oxb.

+

++

++

++

++

+50

0-10

00D

May

-Sep

Sep-

Nov

Crea

my

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an, S

ri La

nka,

Th

ailan

d


Cour

oupi

ta

guian

ensis

Aub

l.+

++

++

400-

1800

DJa

n-M

ayM

ay-S

epYe

llowi

sh

red

Misc

.In

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an, S

ri La

nka,

Th

ailan

d

logA

nIAc

eAe

Stry

chno

s nu

x-bl

anda

A.W

. Hill

++

+30

0-60

0D

Mar

-Jun

Aug-

Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Stry

chno

s nu

xvom

ica L

.+

++

++

++

300-

600

DM

ar-J

unAu

g-De

cgr

eeni

sh

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

lytH

RAce

Ae

Duab

anga

gr

andi

flora

(Rox

b. e

x DC.

) W

alp. =

Lag

erst

roem

ia gr

andi

flora

Rox

b. e

x DC.

++

++

++

200-

1800

eM

ar-A

prJu

n-Ju

lW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Lage

rstro

emia

micr

ocar

pa W

ight

++

+20

0-12

00D

Jun-

Sep

Nov-

Feb

Whi

teor

nam

enta

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Lage

rstro

emia

min

utica

rpa

Debb

. ex P

.C.

Kanj

ilal

++

500-

1500

DJu

n-Se

pNo

v-Fe

bW

hite

orna

men

tal,

Misc

.In

dia

Lage

rstro

emia

spec

iosa

(L.)

Pers

. 41 =

M

unch

ausia

spe

ciosa

L.

++

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1800

DJu

n-Se

pSe

p-No

vPu

rple

orna

men

tal,

Misc

.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri la

nka,

Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

mAg

nolI

AceA

e

Alcim

andr

a ca

thca

rtii

(Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n)

Dand

y = M

icheli

a ca

thca

rtii H

ook.

f. &

Thom

son

++

++

++

++

1500

-220

0e

Mar

-Jun

Jul-A

ugCr

eam

y wh

iteTim

ber

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar, V

ietna

m

Man

gliet

ia in

signi

s (W

all.)

Blum

e =

Mag

nolia

in

signi

s Wall

.+

++

++

++

400-

1500

eM

ay-J

ulSe

p-Ja

nW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Liriod

endr

on tu

lipife

ra L

.+

++

++

++

1600

-200

0D

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Jul

gree

nish

ye

llow

orna

men

tal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, N A

mer

ica

Mag

nolia

grif

fithi

i Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n+

++

300-

1000

eM

ar-M

ayAu

g-Se

pPa

le wh

iteor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

Mag

nolia

gus

tavii

Kin

g+

++

++

300-

1000

eM

ay-S

epoc

t-Jan

Whi

teor

nam

enta

l, M

isc.

Indi

a

Mag

nolia

hoo

keri

(Cub

itt

& W

.W. S

m.)

D.C.

S.

Raju

& M

.P. N

ayar

=

Man

gliet

ia ho

oker

i Cub

itt

& W

.W. S

m.

++

++

++

+50

0-15

00e

Mar

-May

Jun-

Jul

Whi

teor

nam

enta

l, Tim

ber

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar

Mag

nolia

kin

gii (

Dand

y) Fig

lar =

Mich

elia

kingi

i Da

ndy

++

++

+30

0-10

00e

Mar

-May

Jun-

Jul

Whi

teor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh


Mag

nolia

pea

liana

Kin

g+

++

1500

-250

0e

Mar

-May

Jun-

Jul

Whi

teor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

Mag

nolia

pte

roca

rpa

Roxb

.+

++

++

++

+20

0-50

0e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Nov

Whi

teTim

ber

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar

Mag

nolia

ra

bani

ana

(Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n) D

.C.S

. Raju

&

M.P.

Nay

ar =

Talau

ma

raba

nian

a Ho

ok. f

. &

Thom

son

++

++

600-

1500

eAp

r-Jun

Sep-

oct

Whi

teor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

Man

gliet

ia ca

vean

a Ho

ok.

f. &

Thom

son

= M

agno

lia

cave

ana

(Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n) D

.C.S

.Raju

&

M.P.

Nay

ar

++

++

+20

0-90

0e

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Jul

Whi

teor

nam

enta

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar

Mich

elia

glab

ra P.

Par

m.

++

++

++

++

300-

1000

eAu

g-Se

poc

t-Nov

Whi

teTim

ber,

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh

Mich

elia

man

nii K

ing

++

++

200-

1000

eoc

t-Dec

Apr-M

ayW

hite

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h

Mich

elia

mon

tana

Blu

me

++

++

1200

-180

0e

Apr-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

yanm

ar

Mich

elia

oblon

ga W

all. e

x Ho

ok. f

. & T

hom

son

++

++

++

+20

0-12

00e

Feb-

May

Jul-o

ctW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh

Mich

elia

pund

uana

Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n+

++

++

1000

-160

0e

oct-J

anFe

b-M

arW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh

Mich

elia

velu

tina

DC.

++

++

++

+12

00-2

000

eJu

l-Sep

Sep-

Dec

Whi

teor

nam

anta

lIn

dia,

Nep

al

Mich

elia

ward

ii Dan

dy =

M

icheli

a do

ltsop

a Bu

ch.-

Ham

. ex D

C.+

++

100-

1000

eJu

l-Sep

Sep-

oct

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

Pach

ylarn

ax

pleio

carp

a Da

ndy

++

+20

0-12

00D

Aug-

Sep

Sep-

oct

Yello

wish

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, N

epal

Para

mich

elia

baillo

nii

(Pier

re) H

.H. H

u =M

icheli

a ba

illoni

i (P

ierre

) Fin

et &

gag

nep.

++

++

++

200-

1000

DAu

g-Se

pSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar

mAl

vAce

Ae

Bom

bax c

eiba

L. 42

++

++

++

++

++

++

300-

1500

DFe

b-M

arAp

r-May

Red

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd

Colon

a fla

groc

arpa

(C.B

. Cl

arke

) Cra

ib =

Colu

mbi

a fla

groc

arpa

C.B

. Clar

ke+

++

++

++

800-

1500

DJu

n-Se

pSe

p-De

cYe

llow

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Colon

a flo

ribun

da

(Wall

. ex K

urz)

Craib

=

Colu

mbi

a flo

ribun

da W

all.

ex K

urz

++

++

++

+30

0-20

00D

Jan-

Aug

Nov-

Jan

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Eriol

aena

ho

oker

iana

Wig

ht &

Arn

.+

++

++

500-

1200

DM

ar-J

unNo

v-Ja

nYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia


Eriol

aena

spec

tabi

lis (D

C.)

Plan

ch. e

x Mas

t. =

Wall

ichia

spec

tabi

lis D

C.+

++

+50

0-13

00D

Mar

-May

Jun-

oct

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Firm

iana

color

ata

(Rox

b.)

R. B

r. =

Ster

culia

colo

rata

Ro

xb.

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1000

DFe

b-Ap

rAp

r-Jun

Red

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

Firm

iana

fulg

ens

K.

Schu

m.

++

++

200-

1000

DM

ar-M

ayM

ay-J

unCr

eam

y wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, In

done

sia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Firm

iana

simpl

ex (L

.) W

. Wig

ht =

Hib

iscus

sim

plex

L.

++

++

+50

0-12

00D

oct-M

arFe

b-Ap

rYe

llow

Med

icina

l, ed

ible

Indi

a, M

alays

ia, S

ri La

nka

Grew

ia ab

utilif

olia

Vent

. ex

Jus

s.+

++

++

++

500-

1200

DTh

roug

hout

ye

arTh

rough

out

year

Yello

wFib

erIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Grew

ia as

iatica

L. 43

++

++

++

+10

00-1

600

DNo

v-Au

gJa

n-Se

pYe

llow

Fiber

, Fod

der

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Grew

ia de

nticu

lata

Wall

. ex

Pra

in+

++

++

800-

1200

DM

ay-S

epDe

c-Fe

bW

hite

Fiber

, Fod

der

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar

Grew

ia ela

stica

Roy

le +

++

++

+10

00-1

600

DFe

b-Au

gM

ay-N

ovYe

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal

grew

ia gl

abra

Blu

me

++

500-

1200

DAp

r-Dec

Jun-

Mar

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, P

akist

an

Grew

ia m

ultifl

ora

Juss

.+

++

++

++

300-

2200

DAp

r-Dec

Jan-

Mar

gree

nish

wh

iteFib

er, F

odde

rIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an, S

Afri

ca

Grew

ia ne

rvos

a (L

our.)

Pa

nigr

ahi =

Gre

wia

micr

ocos

L.

++

++

++

++

1000

-160

0D

Mar

-Dec

Jan

-Mar

Yello

wish

wh

iteFib

er, F

odde

rIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Grew

ia op

tiva

Drum

m.

ex B

urre

t = G

rewi

a op

posit

ifolia

Buc

h.-H

am.

ex R

oxb.

++

++

++

+80

0-20

00D

Apr-S

epJu

n-No

vW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al, P

akist

an

Grew

ia ro

thii D

C.+

++

+20

0-90

0D

Apr-o

ctJu

n-De

cW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Afri

ca, B

angl

ades

h

Grew

ia sc

lerop

hylla

Rox

b.

ex g

. Don

+

++

++

++

++

1000

-160

0D

Apr-S

epJu

n-Ja

nW

hite

Fiber

, Fod

der

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

yanm

ar

Grew

ia tili

ifolia

Vah

l +

++

++

+30

0-14

00D

Jan-

Sep

May

-oct

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, S

Afri

ca, S

ri La

nka

Herit

iera

dubi

a W

all.

++

500-

1500

eJa

n-Se

pJu

l-Dec

Crea

my

white

Misc

.In

dia

Herit

iera

littor

alis A

iton

++

600-

1500

eJu

l-oct

Aug-

Mar

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, S.

Afric

a, Ta

iwan

, Tha

iland

Herit

iera

mac

roph

ylla

Wall

. ex K

urz

++

++

++

500-

1600

eJu

l-Aug

Jul-J

anYe

llowi

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar

Herit

iera

papi

lio B

edd.

++

++

600-

1500

eJa

n-Se

pJu

l-Dec

Crea

my

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh


Kydi

a ca

lycin

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

++

++

+50

0-16

00e

Sep-

Nov

Nov-

Feb

Pink

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Kydi

a ca

lycin

a Ro

xb.

var.

glab

resc

ens

(Mas

t.)

Deb

+60

0-12

00D

Sep-

oct

oct-J

anLig

ht p

ink

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Kydi

a gl

abre

scen

s M

ast.

++

++

++

++

500-

1100

DSe

p-oc

toc

t-Jan

Light

pu

rple

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, P

akist

an

Naya

rioph

yton

zizyp

hifo

lium

(grif

f.) D

.g.

Long

& A

.g. M

ill. =

Kyd

ia ziz

yphi

folia

grif

f.

++

++

++

300-

2200

DM

ay-A

ugSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na

Pach

ira a

quat

ica A

ubl.

++

++

+20

0-80

0D

Jan-

Mar

Apr-M

ayRe

dTim

ber

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar

Pter

ocym

bium

tin

ctor

ium

(Blan

co) M

err.

= He

ritier

a tin

ctor

ia Bl

anco

+50

0-12

00D

Feb-

Mar

Mar

-May

Pale

white

Fiber

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

,

Pter

ospe

rmum

ac

erifo

lium

(L.)

Willd

.+

++

++

++

++

300-

1000

eM

ar-N

ovJu

l-Dec

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a

Pter

ospe

rmum

java

nicu

m

Jung

h.+

+30

0-10

00e

Mar

-Apr

Apr-J

ulW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

Pter

ospe

rmum

lan

ceae

foliu

m R

oxb.

+

++

++

++

+50

0-13

00e

May

-Jun

oct-A

prPa

le wh

iteFib

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Pter

ospe

rmum

se

misa

gitta

tum

Bu

ch.-H

am.

++

+50

0-10

00e

May

-Jun

Jul-N

ovW

hite

Fiber

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

Pter

ygot

a ala

ta (R

oxb.

) R.

Brow

n =

Ster

culia

alat

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

300-

2000

DDe

c-M

arJu

l-Mar

Redd

ishor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Vi

etna

m

Reev

esia

wallic

hii B

enn.

++

++

++

+50

0-10

00D

May

-oct

Jun-

oct

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n

Ster

culia

bala

ngha

s L.

va

r. gl

abre

scen

s M

ast.

++

+50

0-10

00D

Sep-

Dec

Apr-J

unYe

llow

or

gree

nish

-pu

rple

Misc

.In

dia,

Mya

nmar

, Sri

Lank

a

Ster

culia

gut

tata

Rox

b.+

200-

1200

DSe

p-M

ayFe

b-Au

gPi

nkish

wh

iteFib

erIn

dia,

Mala

ysia,

Sri

Lank

a

Ster

culia

kha

siana

Kin

g+

500-

1000

DSe

p-De

cAp

r-Jun

Pink

ish

white

Fiber

Indi

a

Ster

culia

kin

gii P

rain

++

++

+50

0-12

00D

May

-Jun

Jun-

Aug

Yello

wFib

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan

Ster

culia

lanc

eifoli

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

++

500-

1200

DFe

b-Se

p M

ar-J

unYe

llowi

shed

ible

Indi

a, B

huta

n

Ster

culia

main

gayi

Mas

ters

+70

0-10

00D

Feb-

Mar

Apr-o

ctLig

ht

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

Ster

culia

pall

ens W

all.

ex K

ing

+50

0-13

00D

Feb-

Apr

Apr-J

unYe

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Pak

istan


Ster

culia

sca

phig

era

Wall

. ex

g. D

on+

700-

1000

Doc

t-Mar

Feb-

Apr

Yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

Ster

culia

vers

icolor

Wall

.+

++

+50

0-15

00D

Mar

-Jun

Apr-J

unYe

llow

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, C

ambo

dia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Ster

culia

villo

sa R

oxb.

++

++

++

++

++

+50

0-15

00D

Dec-

Apr

Mar

-Sep

Yello

wFib

er, e

dibl

e,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Tilia

cord

ata

Mill.

++

600-

1200

DJu

n-Se

pSe

p-oc

tYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

eur

ope

Tilia

plat

yphy

llos

Scop

.+

500-

1500

DJu

n-Se

pSe

p-oc

tYe

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

eur

ope

Tilia

vulg

aris

Hayn

e+

500-

1500

DM

ay-J

unJu

n-oc

tYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

eur

ope

mel

Asto

mAt

AceA

e

Mem

ecylo

n ce

lastri

num

Kur

z+

++

500-

1800

eJu

n-Se

pSe

p-oc

tPi

nked

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, S

inga

pore

, Th

ailan

d

Mem

ecylo

n ed

ule

Roxb

.+

++

+50

0-18

00e

Aug-

Dec

Dec-

Jan

Purp

leed

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, I

ndon

esia,

Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Mem

ecylo

n um

bella

tum

Bur

m. f

.+

++

++

600-

1200

eJu

n-Se

pSe

p-oc

tPu

rple

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, I

ndon

esia,

Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

mel

IAce

Ae

Aglai

a ch

ittag

onga

Miq

.+

++

+10

0-14

00e

Aug-

Dec

Dec-

Mar

Whi

teed

ible,

M

edici

nal,

Misc

.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

Aglai

a ed

ulis

(Rox

b.) W

all.

++

++

+80

0-18

00e

Apr-S

epSe

p-No

vYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia

Aglai

a ela

eagn

oidea

(A.

Juss

.) Be

nth.

= N

emed

ra

elaea

gnoid

ea A

. Jus

s.+

300-

1500

eNo

v-M

arM

ar-A

ugYe

llow

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia

Aglai

a hi

erni

i Kin

g +

++

+10

0-17

00e

Nov-

Mar

Mar

-Aug

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia

Aglai

a kh

asian

a Hi

ern

++

+12

00-1

600

eAp

r-Sep

Sep-

Nov

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a

Aglai

a pe

rviri

dis

Hier

n +

++

++

100-

1400

eM

ar-M

aySe

p-De

cW

hite

edib

le,

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, La

os,

Mala

ysia,

Tha

iland

Aglai

a sp

ecta

bilis

(Miq

.) S.

S. J

ain &

Ben

net =

Am

oora

spe

ctab

ilis M

iq.

++

++

++

++

+80

0-12

00e

Sep-

Nov

Sep-

oct

Yello

wish

wh

iteM

edici

nal,

Misc

.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

ew

guin

ea, P

acific

islan

ds, P

apua

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Apha

nam

ixis

polys

tach

ya (W

all.)

R. P

arke

r = A

glaia

po

lysta

chya

Wall

.

++

++

++

++

+30

0-70

0e

May

-Sep

oct-A

prW

hite

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, N

ew g

uine

a, P

acific

islan

ds,

Papu

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam


Azad

irach

ta in

dica

A.

Juss

.+

++

++

++

++

++

+50

0-16

00e

Apr-S

epSe

p-No

vW

hite

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, N

ew g

uine

a, P

acific

islan

ds,

Papu

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Chiso

chet

on

cum

ingi

anus

Har

ms

++

++

++

300-

1600

eJu

n-Ju

loc

t-Nov

Crea

my

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Chiso

chet

on

pani

culat

us (R

oxb.

) Hier

n =

Guar

ea p

anicu

lata

Roxb

.

++

+20

0-60

0e

Jun-

Jul

oct-N

ovCr

eam

y wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Chuk

rasia

tabu

laris

A.

Juss

. +

++

++

++

++

300-

1600

eAp

r-May

Jul-J

anCr

eam

y wh

iteFo

dder

, Tim

ber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Dyso

xylu

m

bine

ctar

iferu

m (R

oxb.

) Ho

ok. f

. ex B

edd.

=

Guar

ea b

inec

tarif

era

Roxb

.

++

++

++

++

++

500-

1000

eAp

r-May

Jul-J

anCr

eam

y wh

iteM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Dyso

xylu

m

exce

lsum

Blu

me

++

++

200-

1100

eSe

p-No

vAp

r-Jun

Whi

teed

ible,

M

edicn

al,

Misc

.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, Ne

pal, N

ew g

uine

a, P

acific

islan

ds,

Papu

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Dyso

xylu

m

goba

ra (B

uch.

-Ham

.) M

err.

= Gu

area

gob

ara

Buch

.-Ham

.

++

++

500-

1200

eSe

p-No

vAp

r-Jun

Whi

teed

ible,

M

edicn

al,

Misc

.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, Ne

pal, N

ew g

uine

a, P

acific

islan

ds,

Papu

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Dyso

xylu

m g

rand

e Hi

ern

++

+50

0-12

00e

May

-Jul

oc

t-Nov

Cr

eam

y wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Dyso

xylu

m h

amilto

nii

Hier

n. =

Gua

rea

alliar

ia Bu

ch.-H

am.

++

++

++

500-

1000

eAp

r-May

Jul-J

anCr

eam

y wh

iteTim

ber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Dyso

xylu

m

micr

obot

rys

King

+60

0-15

00e

May

-Jul

oc

t-Nov

Cr

eam

y wh

iteFo

dder

Indi

a, M

alays

ia

Dyso

xylu

m

moll

issim

um B

lum

e +

++

+50

0-12

00e

M

ay-S

ep

oct-N

ovYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s

Dyso

xylu

m

oliga

nthu

m C

.Y. W

u +

++

++

+10

00-1

500

e M

ar-J

uloc

t-Nov

W

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, C

ambo

dia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Dyso

xylu

m

retic

ulat

um K

ing

++

+60

0-15

00e

May

-Jul

oc

t-Nov

Cr

eam

y wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia,

Brun

ei, F

iji, In

done

sia,

Mala

ysia,

New

Clad

onia,

New

Zea

land

Dyso

xylu

m

rugu

losum

Kin

g+

600-

1500

eM

ay-J

ul

oct-N

ov

Crea

my

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Br

unei,

Fiji,

Indo

nesia

, M

alays

ia, N

ew C

ladon

ia, N

ew Z

ealan

d

Meli

a az

edar

ach

L. 44

++

++

++

++

++

++

500-

2100

DM

ar-M

ayoc

t-Dec

gree

nish

wh

iteTim

ber,

Fuel,

Fo

dder

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, La

os, N

epal,

New

gui

nea,

Pac

ific is

lands

, Pa

pua,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m


Meli

a co

mpo

sita

Bent

h.

++

++

++

++

+20

0-80

0D

Mar

-Jun

Jun-

Feb

gree

nish

wh

iteM

edici

nal, F

uel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, Ne

pal, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Meli

a su

perb

a Ro

xb.

++

++

500-

2100

DM

ar-M

ayoc

t-Dec

gree

nish

wh

iteTim

ber,

Fuel,

Fo

dder

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, La

os, N

epal,

New

gui

nea,

Pac

ific is

lands

, Pa

pua,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Spha

eros

acm

e de

cand

ra

T.D. P

enn.

+

500-

2100

DM

ar-M

ayoc

t-Dec

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Swiet

enia

mac

roph

ylla

King

+

800-

150

0D

Mar

-Jun

Jun-

Feb

gree

nish

wh

iteM

edici

nal, F

uel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Swiet

enia

mah

agon

i (L

.) La

m. =

Ced

rela

mah

agon

i L.

++

800-

150

0e

Mar

-Jun

Jun-

Feb

gree

nish

wh

iteM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

N F

lorid

a

Toon

a cil

iata

M. R

oem

. 45+

++

++

++

++

++

+30

0-25

00D

Jan-

Jun

Feb-

Nov

Whi

te to

cr

eam

y wh

iteTim

ber,

Fodd

er

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n,

Chin

a, C

ambo

dia,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

New

gui

nea,

Pa

kista

n, P

apua

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Pacifi

c isl

ands

, Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Toon

a sin

ensis

(A. J

uss.

) M

. Roe

m. 46

= Ce

drela

sin

ensis

A. J

uss.

++

++

++

++

++

++

200-

500

DM

ay-J

unJu

n-Fe

bCr

eam

y wh

iteTim

ber

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, La

os, N

epal,

New

gui

nea,

Pac

ific is

lands

, Pa

pua,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Toon

a su

reni

(Blu

me)

M

err.

= Sw

ieten

ia su

reni

Bl

ume

++

++

++

++

+70

0-16

00D

May

-Jun

Apr-M

ay

Whi

te,

crea

my

white

, or

pale

pink

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gui

nea,

Pap

ua,

Thail

and

Toon

a su

reni

(Blu

me)

Mer

r. va

r. ce

lebica

Bah

adur

++

+30

0-10

00D

Jul-J

anJa

n-Fe

bCr

eam

y wh

iteTim

ber,

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

apua

, Th

ailan

d

Trich

ilia c

onna

roid

es

(Wig

ht &

Arn

.) Be

ntv.

47+

++

++

++

++

200-

1200

eAp

r-Jun

May

-Jun

Whi

te o

r cr

eam

y wh

iteed

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, Ne

pal, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Wals

ura

robu

sta

Roxb

.+

++

++

200-

140

0e

Feb-

Mar

Apr-J

unW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Wals

ura

tubu

lata

Hier

n+

++

200-

140

0e

Feb-

Mar

Apr-J

unW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

moR

AceA

e

Arto

carp

us c

ham

a Bu

ch.-

Ham

. +

++

++

++

++

200-

800

DFe

b-M

arAp

r-Jun

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Arto

carp

us

gom

ezian

us W

all. e

x Tr

écul

+

++

++

200-

1000

eFe

b-M

arAp

r-Jun

edib

leIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, I

ndon

esia,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Arto

carp

us in

tegr

a M

err.

++

++

+20

0-10

00e

Feb-

Mar

Apr-J

unM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Ind

ones

ia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m


Arto

carp

us la

kooc

ha W

all.

ex R

oxb.

++

++

++

++

++

300-

1300

DFe

b-M

arAp

r-Jun

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, V

ietna

m

Brou

sson

etia

papy

rifer

a (L

.) L'

Hér.

ex V

ent.

48 =

Mor

us

papy

rifer

a L.

++

++

++

++

+30

0-12

00D

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Ju

lFib

er, e

dibl

eIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an, K

orea

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

. Am

erica

, Pa

cific

Islan

ds, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Ficus

altis

sima

Blum

e+

++

++

++

++

300-

2000

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ulFu

elIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d,

Viet

nam

Ficus

arn

ottia

na M

iq.

+30

0-20

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

Fodd

er, e

dibl

eIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chin

a, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pa

kista

n, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Ficus

aur

iculat

a Lo

ur. 49

++

++

++

++

++

+30

0-21

00e

Aug-

Mar

May

-Aug

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pa

kista

n, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Ficus

ben

ghale

nsis

L. 50

++

++

++

++

++

+30

0-22

00e

Jun-

Jul

Aug-

Sep

Fodd

er, S

acre

dIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Ficus

ben

ghale

nsis

L.

var.

krish

nae

(C. D

C.)

Corn

er =

Ficu

s kr

ishna

e C.

DC.

++

+30

0-22

00e

Jun-

Jul

Aug-

Sep

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Ficus

ben

jamin

a L.

51+

++

++

++

++

400-

800

eJu

n-Ju

lAu

g-Se

pM

edici

nal,

Misc

.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Cam

bodi

a,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, N

ew

guin

ea, P

acific

Islan

ds,P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Ficus

con

cinna

(Miq

.) M

iq. =

Uro

stig

ma

conc

innu

m M

iq.

++

++

++

+90

0-24

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Ficus

cur

tipes

Cor

ner

++

++

++

+50

0-14

00e

Jun-

Jul

Aug-

Sep

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Ch

ina,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal,T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Ficus

cyr

toph

ylla

(Wall

. ex

Miq

.) M

iq. =

Cov

ellia

cyrto

phyll

a W

all. e

x Miq

.+

++

++

+50

0-13

00e

May

-Jun

Aug-

Sep

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Ficus

elas

tica

Roxb

. ex

Horn

em.

++

++

++

++

+20

0-80

0e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bur

ma,

Jav

a, M

alays

ia, N

epal

Ficus

ere

cta

Thun

b.+

+30

0-10

00D

May

-Jun

May

-Jul

Fiber

Indi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an, K

orea

, Viet

nam

Ficus

fist

ulos

a Re

inw.

ex

Blum

e+

++

++

+20

0-60

0e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

edib

le, F

uel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d,

Viet

nam

Ficus

fulva

Rein

w.

++

+20

0-80

0e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

Misc

.In

dia,

Bru

nei, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Ficus

gen

iculat

a Ku

rz+

++

++

800-

1400

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Jul

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m


Ficus

glab

errim

a Bl

ume

++

++

++

+50

0-28

00e

May

-Jul

Jul-S

eped

ible,

Fib

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Ficus

hisp

ida

L. f.

+

++

++

++

++

++

+70

0-15

00e

Jun-

Jul

Aug-

Sep

Fodd

er, e

dibl

e

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Ch

ina,

Indo

nesia

, Jap

an, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Ficus

hoo

keria

na C

orne

r+

++

+50

0-20

00e

Apr-M

ayAu

g-Se

pFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Ficus

infe

ctor

ia W

illd.

++

++

++

++

++

300-

2700

eAp

r-Aug

Sep-

oct

edib

le,

Med

icina

l

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Ch

ina,

Indo

nesia

, Jap

an, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Ficus

lam

pong

a M

iq.

++

+30

0-27

00e

Apr-A

ugSe

p-oc

ted

ible,

M

edici

nal

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Ch

ina,

Indo

nesia

, Jap

an, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Ficus

lang

koke

nsis

Drak

e +

++

+70

0-15

00D

Apr-M

ayAu

g-Se

pM

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, P

akist

an, S

ri La

naka

, Th

ailan

d.

Ficus

lepi

dosa

Wall

. ex

Kurz

++

++

++

700-

1500

DAp

r-May

Aug-

Sep

Misc

.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, New

gui

nea,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Ficus

mac

lellan

dii K

ing

++

++

400-

1200

eM

ay-J

unJu

l-Sep

Fuel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, ,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Ficus

max

ima

Mill.

++

++

++

+40

0-12

00e

May

-Jun

Jul-S

epM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, ,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Ficus

micr

ocar

pa L

.f.+

+30

0-12

00e

Apr-M

ayAu

g-Se

ped

ible

Indi

a, N

Am

erica

, Aus

tralia

, Chi

na, S

ri La

nka

Ficus

mys

oren

sis B

. He

yne

ex R

oth

++

++

++

+10

0-15

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

edib

le

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n,

Chin

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

New

gui

nea,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Ficus

ner

iifolia

Sm

. +

++

++

++

++

+15

00-2

900

Doc

t-Mar

Mar

-Apr

Fodd

er, e

dibl

eIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Ficus

ner

vosa

B. H

eyne

ex

Rot

h+

++

++

400-

1200

eM

ay-J

ulSe

p-No

vFo

dder

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, P

akist

an, S

ri La

naka

, Th

ailan

d

Ficus

olig

odon

Miq

. +

++

++

+10

0-12

00e

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Ju

lFu

el, F

odde

rIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Ficus

palm

ata

Fors

sk. 52

++

++

++

+30

0-17

00D

May

-Jul

Sep-

Nov

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Ara

bian

Pen

insu

la,

egyp

t, et

hiop

ia, Ir

an, P

akist

an,

Som

alia,

Su

dan


Ficus

pro

stra

ta (W

all.

ex M

iq.)

Miq

. = C

ovell

ia pr

ostra

ta W

all. e

x Miq

.+

++

++

300-

1700

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Jul

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, N

ew g

uine

a, T

haila

nd

Ficus

race

mos

a L.

++

++

++

++

++

+30

0-17

00e

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Ju

led

ible,

M

edici

nal,

Misc

.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, P

akist

an, S

ri La

naka

, Th

ailan

d

Ficus

relig

iosa

L.

++

++

++

++

++

+40

0-12

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Fodd

er, S

acre

dIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, N

ew g

uine

a, T

haila

nd

Ficus

retu

sa L

. +

++

++

++

++

400-

1500

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

New

gui

nea,

Tha

iland

Ficus

rigi

da B

lum

e+

++

++

++

+60

0-11

00D

Apr-J

unAu

g-Se

pFo

dder

, edi

ble

Indi

a, N

epal

Ficus

rum

phii B

lum

e+

++

++

++

++

++

300-

1000

DM

ar-M

aySe

p-oc

tFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Ficus

sem

icord

ata

Buch

.-Ha

m. e

x Sm

.+

++

++

++

++

++

600-

2000

eM

ay-S

epSe

p-oc

ted

ible,

M

edici

nal,

Fodd

er

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Ficus

sub

ulat

a Bl

ume

++

+80

0-16

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Aug

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, N

ew g

uine

a, T

haila

nd

Ficus

tinc

toria

g. F

orst

.+

++

++

++

++

300-

1500

eNo

v-De

cJa

n-M

ared

ible,

M

edici

nal,

Misc

.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, N

ew g

uine

a,

Philip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Ficus

tinc

toria

sub

sp.

gibb

osa

(Blu

me)

Cor

ner

= Fic

us g

ibbo

sa B

lum

e+

++

++

++

+40

0-80

0D

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Ju

lFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Ficus

tinc

toria

g. F

orst

. su

bsp.

par

asitic

a (W

illd.)

Corn

er+

++

200-

150

0e

Nov-

Dec

Jan-

Mar

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

New

gui

nea,

Ph

ilippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Mor

us a

ustra

lis P

oir. 53

++

++

++

++

++

++

500-

2000

DM

ar-A

prAp

r-May

edib

le,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Japa

n, K

orea

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Mor

us m

acro

ura

Miq

. +

++

++

++

++

+30

0-22

00D

Mar

-Apr

Apr-M

ayM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d

Mor

us m

acro

ura

Miq

. var

. lax

iflora

g.K

. Upa

dhva

y &

A.A.

Ans

ari

+12

00-2

700

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unM

isc.

Indi

a

Mor

us s

erra

ta R

oxb.

+

++

++

++

1200

-270

0D

Mar

-Apr

May

- Jun

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, P

akist

an

Stre

blus

asp

er L

our.

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00e

Feb-

Apr

May

-Jun

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Nep

al,

Philip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Stre

blus

indi

cus

(Bur

eau)

Co

rner

= P

seud

ostre

blus

in

dicu

s Bu

reau

++

200-

1000

eFe

b-Ap

rM

ay-J

unM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, N

epal,

Ph

ilippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam


myR

IcAc

eAe

Myr

ica e

scul

enta

Buc

h.-

Ham

. ex D

. Don

54+

++

++

++

++

+16

00-2

800

eAu

g-Fe

bNo

v-M

aygr

eeni

sh

brow

ned

ible,

Fue

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Nage

ia na

gi (T

hunb

.) Ku

ntze

= M

yrica

na

gi T

hunb

. +

++

900-

1800

eM

ar-M

ayAu

g-No

vgr

een

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

myR

IstI

cAce

Ae

Hors

field

ia am

ygda

lina

(Wall

.) W

arb.

= M

yrist

ica

amyg

dalin

a W

all.

++

++

++

+30

0-12

00e

Aug-

oct

Mar

-May

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Hors

field

ia kin

gii (

Hook

. f.)

War

b. =

Myr

istica

kin

gii H

ook.

f.+

++

++

++

800-

1200

eAp

r-Aug

oct-D

ecgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a , C

hina

, Tha

iland

Knem

a cin

erea

var.

glau

ca (B

lum

e) Y.

H. L

i =

Myr

istica

glau

ca B

lum

e+

++

++

++

+30

0-15

00e

Aug-

oct

Mar

-May

gree

nish

ye

llow

Timbe

r, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Knem

a er

ratic

a (H

ook.

f. &

Thom

son)

J. S

incla

ir =

Myr

istica

erra

tica

Hook

. f.

& Th

omso

n

++

+30

0-15

00e

Aug-

Sep

oct-N

ovW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar

Knem

a gl

obul

aria

(Lam

.) W

arb.

= M

yrist

ica

glob

ular

ia La

m.

++

++

+20

0-11

00e

Dec-

Mar

Jul-S

epCr

eam

y wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Cam

bodi

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Knem

a lin

ifolia

(Rox

b.)

War

b. =

Myr

istica

linifo

lia

Roxb

.+

++

++

++

300-

1500

eAu

g-Se

poc

t-Nov

gree

nish

wh

iteFu

elIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar

Knem

a m

alaya

na W

arb.

++

300-

1500

e N

ov-F

ebJu

l-Sep

gree

nish

wh

iteTim

ber,

Misc

.In

dia,

Mala

ysia,

Sin

gapo

re, T

haila

nd

Knem

a te

nuin

ervia

W.J

. de

Wild

e +

++

++

500-

1000

e N

ov-F

ebJu

l-Sep

gree

nish

wh

iteTim

ber,

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

Myr

istica

gib

bosa

Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n+

++

++

+50

0- 2

000

eDe

c-M

arJu

l-Sep

Crea

my

white

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

myR

tAce

Ae

Deca

sper

mum

fru

ticos

um J

.R. &

For

st.

++

++

500-

2000

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

or

pink

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, P

acific

islan

ds,

Philip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Deca

sper

mum

pa

rviflo

rum

(Lam

.) A.

J. Sc

ott =

Eug

enia

parv

iflora

Lam

.

++

++

500-

2000

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

or

pink

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, P

acific

islan

ds,

Philip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Euge

nia

aniso

peta

la Pa

rker

++

++

+40

0-12

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Whi

teFu

elIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam


Euge

nia

bifa

ria W

all.

++

++

600-

1200

eM

ay-J

unJu

n-Ju

lW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d

Euge

nia

cune

ata

Duth

ie+

++

++

++

500-

1700

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Euge

nia

dios

pyrif

olia W

all.

++

++

++

+50

0-10

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, N

epal,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Euge

nia

form

osa

Wall

. +

++

++

++

++

+50

0-17

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, N

epal,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Euge

nia

kurz

ii Dut

hie

++

++

500-

1500

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Sep

Whi

teTim

ber

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d

Euge

nia

man

gifo

lia W

all.

++

++

++

500-

1800

eJa

n-Fe

bAp

r-May

Whi

teTim

ber,

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

. Am

erica

, Th

ailan

d

Eug

enia

mex

icana

St

eud.

++

++

++

++

500-

1700

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Euge

nia

polyp

etala

Wig

ht

= Ja

mbo

sa p

olype

tala

(Rox

b.) W

all.

++

+20

0-12

00e

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Se

pW

hite

edib

le, T

imbe

rIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Euge

nia

prae

cox R

oxb.

++

++

++

300-

1500

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Sep

Yello

wish

wh

iteTim

ber,

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Euge

nia

prae

term

issa

gage

.+

++

+30

0-15

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jul

Whi

teTim

ber,

Fuel

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar,

New

guin

ea, P

hilip

pine

s, So

lomon

Islan

ds, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Euge

nia

ram

osiss

ima

Wall

. = C

lavim

yrtu

s ra

mos

issim

a Bl

ume

+30

0-15

00e

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Se

pW

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Euge

nia

roxb

urgh

ii DC.

++

300-

1500

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ulW

hite

Misc

.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar,

New

guin

ea, P

hilip

pine

s, So

lomon

Islan

ds, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Euge

nia

salig

na (M

iq.)

Robi

nson

= J

ambo

sa

salig

na M

iq.

++

++

++

++

300-

1500

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ulW

hite

edib

le, T

imbe

rIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Myr

ica b

ract

eata

(Rich

.) DC

. Chk

++

++

300-

1500

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Sep

Yello

wish

wh

iteTim

ber,

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Pim

enta

dioi

ca (L

.) M

err.

= M

yrtu

s di

oica

L.+

++

++

500-

1800

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Sep

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m


Syzy

gium

abo

rens

e (D

unn)

Rat

hakr.

& N

air =

Eu

geni

a ab

oren

sis D

unn

++

++

+30

0-12

00e

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Se

pW

hite

edib

le, T

imbe

rIn

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gui

nea,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Solom

on Is

lands

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Syzy

gium

ac

umin

atiss

imum

(B

lum

e) D

C. =

Myr

tus

acum

inat

issim

a Bl

ume

++

500-

1200

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Sep

Whi

teed

ible,

Tim

ber

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

hilip

pine

s, So

lomon

Islan

ds, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Syzy

gium

aqu

eum

(Bur

m.

f.) A

lston

= E

ugen

ia aq

uea

Burm

.+

++

++

+20

0-15

00e

May

-Jun

Jun-

Jul

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Syzy

gium

ass

amicu

m

(Bisw

as &

Pur

akay

asth

a)

Raiza

da =

Eug

enia

assa

mica

Bisw

as &

Pu

rkay

.

++

++

+30

0-15

00e

Nov-

Dec

Jan-

Feb

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Syzy

gium

bals

ameu

m

(Wig

ht) W

all. e

x Walp

. =

Euge

nia

balsa

mea

Wig

ht+

++

++

500-

1500

eNo

v-De

cJa

n-Fe

bW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Syzy

gium

clav

ifloru

m

(Rox

b.) W

all. e

x Ste

ud.

= Eu

geni

a cla

viflor

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

+30

0-13

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Pink

, Red

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Syzy

gium

cum

ini (

L.)

Skee

ls 55

= M

yrtu

s cu

min

i L.

++

++

++

++

++

+30

0-12

00e

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Se

pW

hite

edib

le,

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Syzy

gium

cym

osum

(L

am.)

DC. =

Eug

enia

cym

osa

Lam

.+

++

+30

0-15

00e

Nov-

Dec

Jan-

Feb

Whi

teed

ible,

M

edici

nal,

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Syzy

gium

den

siflor

um

Wall

ich e

x Wig

ht &

Arn

.+

++

300-

1200

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Sep

Whi

te

or lig

ht

purp

leed

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Syzy

gium

frut

icosu

m D

C.

++

++

++

++

+50

0-17

00e

May

-Jun

Jun-

Jul

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d

Syzy

gium

gra

nde

(Wig

ht)

Walp

. = E

ugen

ia gr

andi

s W

ight

++

++

++

+30

0-12

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Crea

my

white

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, In

done

sia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gui

nea,

Pap

ua,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Syzy

gium

jam

bos

(L.)

Alst

on. =

Eug

enia

jambo

s L.

++

++

++

+80

0-20

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

Syzy

gium

kha

sianu

m

(Dut

hie)

N.P.

Bala

kr.=

Euge

nia

khas

iana

Duth

ie+

+60

0-17

00e

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Se

pW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and

Syzy

gium

mala

ccen

se

(L.)

Mer

r. &

L.M

. Per

ry =

Eu

geni

a m

alacc

ansis

L.

++

++

500-

1700

eJa

n-Fe

bAp

r-May

Red

edib

leIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

. Am

erica

, Tha

iland


Syzy

gium

meg

acar

pum

Ra

thak

r. &

N.C.

Nair

++

++

++

300-

1200

eAp

r-oct

Jul-o

ctW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Syzy

gium

mish

mien

se

Chat

terje

e +

300-

1200

eAp

r-oct

Jul-o

ctW

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Syzy

gium

ner

vosu

m D

C.

++

++

++

++

+20

0-60

0 e

May

-Jun

Jun-

Aug

Whi

teed

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Chi

na, In

done

sia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Syzy

gium

obl

atum

(Rox

b.)

Wall

ich e

x Cow

an &

Co

wan

= Eu

geni

a ob

lata

Roxb

.

++

++

++

+50

0-10

00e

Apr-M

ayNo

v-Ja

nW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Cam

bodi

a, I

ndon

esia,

M

alays

ia, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Syzy

gium

sa

mar

ange

nse

(Blu

me)

M

err.

& L.

M. P

erry

=

Myr

tus

sam

aran

gens

is Bl

ume

++

++

800-

2000

eJu

l-Aug

Nov-

Jan

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and

Syzy

gium

sy

zygi

oides

(Miq

.) M

err.

& Pe

rry =

Jam

bosa

sy

zygi

oides

Miq

.

++

++

+80

0-20

00e

Jul-A

ugNo

v-Ja

nW

hite

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Syzy

gium

tetra

gonu

m

(Wig

ht) W

all. e

x Walp

ers.

= Eu

geni

a te

trago

na

Wig

ht

++

++

++

+80

0-20

00e

Jul-A

ugNo

v-Ja

nW

hite

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and

Syzy

gium

veno

sum

DC.

++

++

++

++

++

+50

0-10

00e

Jul-A

ugNo

v-Ja

nW

hite

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and

nyss

AceA

e

Mas

tixia

pent

andr

a Bl

ume

300–

1400

eM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tYe

llowi

sh

or

gree

nish

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Mas

tixia

pent

andr

a Bl

ume

subs

p. c

hine

nsis

(Mer

r.)

K.M

. Mat

thew

= M

astix

ia ch

inen

sis M

err.

++

++

300-

900

eM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tYe

llowi

sh

or

gree

nish

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, V

ietna

m

Mas

tixia

rost

rata

Blu

me

++

+30

0-15

00e

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

Yello

wish

or

gr

eeni

shM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Nyss

a jav

anica

(B

lum

e) W

ange

rin =

Ag

athi

sant

hes

javan

ica

Blum

e

++

++

+30

0-25

00D

Apr-M

ayoc

t-Nov

Yello

wish

or

gr

eeni

shed

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Viet

nam

Nyss

a sy

lvatic

a M

arsh

all+

++

+30

0-25

00D

Apr-M

ayoc

t-Nov

gree

nish

wh

iteAv

enue

Indi

a, N

. Am

erica


ocHn

AceA

e

Ochn

a in

tege

rrim

a (L

our.)

M

err.

= El

aeoc

arpu

s in

tege

rrim

us L

our.

++

1000

-180

0D

Mar

-Jun

Jun-

Jul

Redd

ishM

edici

nal,

Misc

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, V

ietna

m

Ochn

a jab

otap

ita L

.+

++

+50

0-10

00D

Mar

-Jun

Jun-

Jul

Yello

wish

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Sri

Lank

a

Ochn

a sq

uarro

sa L

. +

++

++

400-

1000

DM

ar-J

unJu

n-Ju

lYe

llowi

shM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h

Ochn

a wa

llichi

i Plan

ch.

++

++

400-

800

DFe

b-Ju

nJu

n-Ju

lYe

llowi

shM

isc.

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar, S

ri La

nka

olAc

AceA

e

Anac

olosa

ilico

ides

Mas

t. +

++

++

1000

-250

0e

Mar

-Jun

Jul-D

ecgr

eerti

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Tha

iland

oleA

ceAe

Chion

anth

us

mon

tanu

s Bl

ume

++

++

+15

00- 2

000

eM

ar-J

unJu

n-Ju

lCr

eam

y wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al,

Mya

nmar

, Vi

etna

m

Chion

anth

us ra

miflo

rus

Roxb

. +

++

++

1500

-200

0e

Feb-

Mar

Mar

-Apr

Whi

te o

r ye

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Nep

al, P

acific

Islan

ds,

Viet

nam

Chion

anth

us ro

xbur

ghii

(Spr

eng.

) Sriv

astva

& S

.L.

Kapo

or =

Olea

roxb

urgh

ii (R

oxb.

) Spr

eng.

+15

00-2

000

eFe

b-M

arM

ar-A

prW

hite

or

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, N

epal,

Pac

ific Is

lands

, Vi

etna

m

Frax

inus

ang

ustif

olia

Vahl

+12

00-2

700

DAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

gree

nish

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan

Chin

a, P

akist

an

Frax

inus

flor

ibun

da W

all.

++

++

++

++

1500

- 200

0D

Feb-

Apr

Jul-o

ctW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Bhu

tan,

Jap

an, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Frax

inus

micr

anth

a Lin

gles

h.+

++

1500

- 200

0D

Mar

-Jun

Jun-

Jul

Whi

teFu

elIn

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Chi

na, P

akist

an, N

Af

rica

Frax

inus

pa

xiana

Lin

gelsh

.+

++

400-

1100

DM

ay-J

ulSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Fuel

Indi

a, A

fgha

nist

an, C

hina

, Pak

istan

, N

Afric

a

Frax

inus

xa

ntho

xyloi

des(g

. Do

n) A

. DC.

= O

rnus

xa

ntho

xyloi

des

g. D

on

++

+10

00-2

800

DAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, A

fgha

nist

an, C

hina

, Pak

istan

, N

Afric

a

Ligus

trum

com

pact

um

(Wall

. ex g

. Don

) Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n ex

Bra

ndis

= Ol

ea c

ompa

cta

Wall

. ex

g. D

on

++

+60

0-34

00D

Mar

-Jul

Aug-

Dec

Whi

teor

nam

enta

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Nep

al

Ligus

trum

co

nfus

um D

ecne

. +

++

++

++

+10

00-2

500

DAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

Whi

teor

nam

enta

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Viet

nam

Ligus

trum

gam

blei

(C.B

. Cl

arke

) Ram

amoo

rthy =

Lig

ustru

m ro

xbur

ghii C

.B.

Clar

ke

++

+12

00-2

600

DM

ar-J

ulAu

g-De

cW

hite

orna

men

tal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal


Ligus

trum

indi

cum

(Lou

r.)

Mer

r.= P

hilly

rea

indi

ca

Lour

.+

++

1000

-250

0D

Jun-

Jul

Aug-

Nov

Whi

teor

nam

enta

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Ligus

trum

lucid

um W

.T.

Aito

n+

++

+10

00-2

000

eM

ay-J

ulJu

l-May

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Ligus

trum

ne

palen

se W

all. 56

++

++

++

300-

1500

DJu

n-Ju

lAu

g-No

vW

hite

or

crea

my

Fuel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Ligus

trum

ro

bust

um (R

oxb.

) Bl

ume

= Ph

illyre

a ro

bust

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

300-

1500

DM

ay-J

ulJu

l-May

Whi

te o

r cr

eam

yFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Linoc

iera

inte

rmed

ia W

ight

++

1000

-200

0D

Aug-

oct

Nov-

Jan

Whi

teor

nam

enta

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, A

fgha

nist

an, C

hina

, Nep

al, P

akist

an,

east

and

S A

frica

, SW

Asia

Nyct

anth

es a

rbor

-trist

is L.

++

++

++

++

++

+10

00-2

500

eAu

g-oc

tNo

v-Ja

nor

ange

re

dM

edici

nal,

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Olea

den

tata

Wall

. ex D

C.+

++

++

++

1200

-200

0e

Jun-

Jul

Sep-

oct

Whi

te o

r cr

eam

yFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Olea

den

tata

var.

salic

ifolia

(Wall

. ex g

. Do

n) C

. B. C

larke

= O

lea

salic

ifolia

Wall

. ex g

. Don

++

+10

00-1

400

eJu

n-Ju

lSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pa

kista

n, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Olea

dioi

ca R

oxb.

+

++

++

+12

00-2

200

eAp

r-Aug

Aug-

Nov

gree

nish

wh

iteFo

dder

, Fue

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Pakis

tan,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Olea

eur

opae

a su

bsp.

cu

spid

ata

(Wall

. ex

g. D

on) C

if. =

Olea

cu

spid

ata

Wall

. ex g

. Don

++

+60

0-28

00e

Apr-A

ugAu

g-No

vW

hite

or

crea

my

Misc

.In

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Chi

na, N

epal,

Pak

istan

, ea

st a

nd S

Afri

ca, S

W A

sia

Olea

ferru

gine

a Ro

yle+

++

200-

2000

eAp

r-May

Aug-

Nov

Whi

te o

r cr

eam

yFo

dder

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Olea

gam

blei

C.B.

Clar

ke+

++

++

+12

00-2

200

eAp

r-Aug

Aug-

Nov

Whi

teFo

dder

, Fue

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Olea

pan

iculat

a R.

Br.

++

+60

0-18

00e

Apr-M

ayAu

g-No

vCr

eam

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Ban

glad

esh,

Cam

bodi

a,

Laos

, Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

Osm

anth

us

fragr

ans

(Thu

nb.)

Lour

. =

Olea

frag

rans

Thu

nb.

++

++

+15

00-3

000

eSe

p-oc

tM

ar-M

ayYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pa

kista

n, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Osm

anth

us s

uavis

Kin

g ex

C.B

. Clar

ke+

++

2400

-300

0e

Apr-M

ayoc

t-Nov

Whi

te o

r cr

eam

yM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Schr

eber

a sw

ieten

ioide

s Ro

xb.

+12

00-2

500

DFe

b-Ap

rM

ay-J

ungr

eeni

sh

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland


pAnD

AnAc

eAe

Pand

anus

dive

rsus

St.

John

+

500-

1200

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unYe

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia

Pand

anus

furc

atus

Rox

b.+

++

+70

0-10

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, A

frica

, Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Nep

al,

Mala

ysia

Pand

anus

mar

tinian

us

Nada

f & Z

anan

+

500-

1000

eFe

b-Ap

rM

ay-J

ungr

eeni

sh

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia

Pand

anus

sco

rtech

ini

Mar

telli

+70

0-10

00e

Feb-

Apr

May

-Jun

gree

nish

wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a

Pand

anus

sikk

imen

sis

St.J

oh+

500-

1500

eFe

b-Ap

rM

ay-J

ungr

eeni

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia

pent

ApHy

lAcA

ceAe

Anne

slea

fragr

ans W

all.

++

1500

-190

0e

oct-M

arJu

l-Sep

Pale

yello

wM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, La

os, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Cley

era

ochn

acea

DC.

++

+90

0-24

00e

Jul-A

ugSe

p-oc

tYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, N

epal,

Mya

nmar

Cley

era

japon

ica va

r. wa

llichi

ana

(DC.

) Sea

ly =

Cley

era

ochn

acea

DC.

va

r. wa

llichi

ana

DC.

++

+90

0-24

00e

Jul-A

ugSe

p-oc

tYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, N

epal,

Mya

nmar

Eury

a ac

umin

ata

DC.

++

++

++

++

++

900-

2300

eJu

l-Aug

Dec-

Mar

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Misc

.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Eury

a ac

umin

ata

DC.

var.

eupr

ista

Dyer

++

++

1000

-250

0e

Jul-A

ugSe

p-De

cW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

Eury

a ac

umin

ata

DC.

var.

wallic

hian

a (S

teud

.) Dy

er+

+15

00-2

200

eJu

l-Aug

Sep-

Dec

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Eury

a ni

tida

Korth

.+

++

1000

-200

0e

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Dec

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Eury

a tri

choc

arpa

Kor

th.

++

++

1000

-200

0e

Jul-S

epSe

p-Ja

nYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Gord

onia

exce

lsa B

lum

e+

++

++

+30

0-13

00e

Nov-

Feb

Mar

-May

Pink

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

peRA

ceAe

Chae

toca

rpus

ca

stan

icarp

us (R

oxb.

) Th

waite

s =

Adeli

a ca

stan

icarp

a Ro

xb.

++

+60

0 -1

000

eoc

t-Dec

Jan-

Mar

Yello

wed

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m


pItt

ospo

RAce

Ae

Pitto

spor

um

erioc

arpu

m R

oyle

57+

+90

0-20

00e

Mar

-Apr

Sep-

Nov

Yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a

Pitto

spor

um n

apau

lense

(D

C.) R

ehde

r & e

.H.

Wils

on =

Sen

acia

napa

ulen

sis D

C.

++

++

++

++

++

+16

00-1

900

eJu

n-Ju

lDe

c-Fe

bYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

adag

asca

r, Ne

pal,

Pakis

tan

pHyl

lAnt

HAce

Ae

Antid

esm

a ac

idum

Ret

z.+

++

++

++

400-

1200

DM

ay-J

ulJu

n-No

vgr

eeni

sh

yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Antid

esm

a ac

umin

atum

Wig

ht 58

++

++

200-

1800

DM

ay-J

ulJu

n-No

vgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n,

Cam

bodi

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

New

gui

nea,

Pap

ua,

Philip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Antid

esm

a gh

aese

mbi

lla g

aertn

. +

++

200-

1100

eM

ar-M

ayJu

n-No

vgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n,

Cam

bodi

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

New

gui

nea,

Pap

ua,

Philip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Antid

esm

a m

enas

u (Tu

l.)

Mül

l. Arg

. = A

ntid

esm

a pu

besc

ens

var.

men

asu

Tul.

++

++

++

200-

2000

eM

ar-S

epJu

n-De

cgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

ew

guin

ea, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Apor

osa

aure

a Ho

ok. f

.+

+30

0-17

00e

Mar

-Aug

Jun-

Dec

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

ew

guin

ea, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Apor

osa

card

iospe

rma

(gae

rtn.)

Mer

r. =

Crot

on

card

iospe

rmus

gae

rtn.

++

++

600-

2000

eM

ar-A

ugJu

n-De

cYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Apor

osa

dioic

a (R

oxb.

) M

üll. A

rg. =

Aln

us d

ioica

Ro

xb.

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00e

Mar

-May

May

-Sep

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Apor

osa

oblon

ga M

üll.

Arg.

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00e

Mar

-May

May

-Sep

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

er, T

imbe

r, ed

ible,

Tann

inIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Apor

usa

octa

ndra

(Buc

h.-

Ham

. ex D

. Don

.) Vi

cker

y+

++

+20

0-12

00e

Jan-

Dec

Jan-

Mar

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fodd

er, T

imbe

r, ed

ible,

Tann

in

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, B

orne

o,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Jav

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, P

akist

an, S

umat

ra, S

ulaw

esi,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Bacc

aure

a ra

miflo

ra L

our.

++

++

++

+30

0-13

00e

Mar

-Aug

Jun-

Dec

Yello

wed

ible,

M

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mala

ysia


Bisc

hofia

java

nica

Bl

ume

59+

++

++

++

2000

-260

0e

Apr-M

ayAu

g-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

In

done

sia, J

apan

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

acific

Islan

ds,

Philip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Brid

elia

assa

mica

Hoo

k. f.

++

++

++

500-

1000

eoc

t-Mar

Mar

-Jun

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh

Brid

elia

cune

ata

gehr

m.

++

+20

0-15

00e

oct-M

arM

ar-J

ungr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, N

epal

Brid

elia

glau

ca B

lum

e+

++

++

++

+40

0-10

00D

Mar

-Sep

Sep

-Dec

gree

nish

ye

llow

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gui

nea,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and

Brid

elia

stip

ular

is (L

.) Bl

ume

= Cl

utia

stip

ular

is L.

++

++

++

++

++

400-

1000

DAp

r-Sep

Aug-

Jan

gree

nish

ye

llow

or

brow

nish

re

d

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Brid

elia

tom

ento

sa B

lum

e+

++

++

+10

00-1

500

eM

ar-S

epoc

t-Jan

Yello

wish

gr

een

Med

icina

l

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n,

Cam

bodi

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

New

gui

nea,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Sing

apor

e, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Brid

elia

verru

cosa

Hain

es

++

++

++

+70

0-23

00e

Mar

-May

Sep-

Nov

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, P

akist

an

Cary

oden

dron

man

ii Sm

ith+

400-

1000

eM

ar-J

ulSe

p-No

vYe

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Pakis

tan

Mar

garit

aria

indi

ca

(Dalz

ell) A

iry S

haw

= Pr

osor

us in

dicu

s Da

lzell

+20

0-80

0D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

Brow

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Afg

anist

an, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Pa

kista

n,

Sri L

anka

, Sum

atra

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Phyll

anth

us e

mbl

ica L

. 60+

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1800

DM

ar-M

aySe

p-No

vgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

edici

nal,

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Afg

anist

an, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Pa

kista

n, S

ri La

nka

Phyll

anth

us

sikkim

ensis

Mül

l. Arg

.+

++

500-

1500

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unBr

own

Misc

.In

dia,

Afg

anist

an, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Pa

kista

n,

Sri L

anka

, Sum

atra

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

poly

gAlA

ceAe

Xant

hoph

yllum

bu

rkilli

J.R

. Dru

mm

. &

Dunn

++

800-

1400

eM

ar-M

ayM

ay-A

ugPa

le ye

llow

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a

Xant

hoph

yllum

fla

vesc

ens

Roxb

.+

++

++

+10

00-1

500

eFe

b-M

ayM

ay-o

ctW

hite

edib

le,

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Sri

Lank

a, S

umat

ra,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Xant

hoph

yllum

gr

iffith

ii Hoo

k. f.

++

+15

00-1

800

eFe

b-M

ayM

ay-o

ctW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia, S

ri La

nka,

Sum

atra

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m


pRIm

ulAc

eAe

Myr

sine

capi

tella

ta W

all.

++

++

500-

2700

eM

ay-J

unoc

t-Nov

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Myr

sine

sem

iserra

ta W

all.

++

+50

0-27

00e

May

-Jun

oct-N

ovW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Mya

nmar

,Nep

al, P

akist

an, T

aiwan

pRot

eAce

Ae

Grev

illea

robu

sta

A. C

unn.

ex

R. B

r. 61

++

++

++

++

++

++

500-

2500

eFe

b-M

ayM

ay-J

unYe

llow

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

orne

o, J

ava,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, P

ahan

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sing

apor

e,

Sum

atra

, Tha

iland

, Tre

ngga

nu,V

ietna

m

Helic

ia ex

celsa

Blu

me

++

++

++

500-

1000

eM

ay-A

ugNo

v-Ju

lYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Helic

ia ni

lagiri

ca B

edd.

++

++

++

1000

-200

0e

May

-Aug

Nov-

Jul

Yello

wed

ible,

M

edici

nal,

Misc

.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Helic

ia ro

bust

a W

all.

++

++

++

+10

00-2

000

eSe

p-De

cJa

n-Fe

bW

hite

edib

le, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

orne

o, J

ava,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Pa

han,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Sing

apor

e, S

umat

ra,

Thail

and,

Tren

ggan

u, V

ietna

m

putR

AnJI

vAce

Ae

Cyclo

stem

on

eglan

dulos

us (R

oxb.

) Kü

tz.=

Hope

a eg

landu

losa

Roxb

.

++

100-

1000

eM

ar-J

ulAu

g-De

cYe

llow-

gree

ned

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

yanm

ar

Dryp

etes

ass

amica

(Hoo

k. f.)

Pax

& K

. Hof

fm. =

Cy

clost

emon

ass

amicu

s Ho

ok. f

.

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00e

Mar

-Jul

Aug-

Dec

Yello

wish

gr

een

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, T

haila

nd

Dryp

etes

elat

a (B

edd.

) Pa

x & K

. Hof

fm. =

He

micy

clia

elata

Bed

d.+

+30

0-90

0e

May

-Jul

Jul-S

epYe

llowi

sh

gree

ned

ible

Indi

a, B

huta

n, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, T

aiwan

Dryp

etes

ellip

tica

(Hoo

k. f.)

Pax

& K

. Hof

fm. =

Cy

clost

emon

ellip

ticus

Ho

ok. f

.

++

++

++

++

600-

1400

eM

ar-J

ulAu

g-De

cYe

llowi

sh

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, T

aiwan

Dryp

etes

indi

ca (M

üll.

Arg.

) Pax

& K

. Hof

fm.

= Cy

clost

emon

indi

cus

Mül

l. Arg

.

++

++

++

++

600-

2200

eM

ar-J

ulAu

g-De

cYe

llowi

sh

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, T

aiwan

Dryp

etes

jain

tens

is (C

.B.

Clar

ke) P

ax &

K. H

offm

. =

Dryp

etes

jain

tens

is (C

.B.

Clar

ke) P

ax &

K. H

offm

.

+30

0-10

00e

May

-Jul

Jul-S

epYe

llowi

sh

gree

ned

ible

Indi

a

Dryp

etes

su

bses

silis

(Kur

z) Pa

x &

K. H

offm

. = C

yclos

tem

on

subs

essil

is Ku

rz

++

+10

00-1

500

eNo

v-Fe

bM

ar-M

ayYe

llow

Misc

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, T

aiwan


Flueg

gea

viros

a (R

oxb.

ex

Willd

.) Ro

yle =

Ph

yllan

thus

viro

sus

Roxb

. ex

Willd

.

++

+60

0-15

00e

Apr-J

ulM

ay-A

ugW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Pak

istan

, Taiw

an

Gloc

hidi

on

arbo

resc

ens

Blum

e+

++

+80

0-22

00e

Apr-J

unJu

n-oc

tYe

llow

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Jap

an, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

New

guin

ea,

Solom

on Is

lands

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Gloc

hidi

on e

lliptic

um

Wig

ht+

++

++

++

+10

00-2

200

e M

ay-A

ugJu

l-Nov

Yello

wish

gr

een

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Gloc

hidi

on g

ambl

ei

Hook

. f.

++

+10

00-2

500

eJa

n-M

arM

ar-S

epYe

llowi

sh

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Gloc

hidi

on

heyn

eanu

m (W

ight

&

Arn.

) Wig

ht =

Gyn

oon

heyn

eanu

m W

ight

& A

rn.

++

++

++

800-

2500

eJu

n-Se

pSe

p-No

vYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Gloc

hidi

on

hirs

utum

(Rox

b.) V

oigt =

Br

adlej

a hi

rsut

a Ro

xb.

++

+80

0-15

00e

Jun-

Sep

Sep-

Nov

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Gloc

hidi

on

mul

tilocu

lare

(Rot

tler e

x W

illd.)

Voig

t = A

gyne

ia m

ultilo

cular

is Ro

ttler

ex

Willd

.

++

500-

1300

eJu

l-Sep

Sep-

Dec

gree

nish

ye

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Gloc

hidi

on

nubi

genu

m H

ook.

f.+

++

++

+90

0-20

00e

Jul-S

epSe

p-De

cgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd

Gloc

hidi

on

spha

erog

ynum

(Mül

l. Ar

g.) K

urz =

Phy

llant

hus

spha

erog

ynus

Mül

l. Arg

.

++

++

++

++

300-

1600

eDe

c-Ap

rAp

r-oct

gree

nish

ye

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, N

epal,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Gloc

hidi

on tr

iandr

um

(Blan

co) C

.B. R

ob. v

ar.

trian

drum

++

++

+10

00-2

500

eAp

r-Jun

Jun-

oct

Yello

wed

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, N

epal,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Mar

garit

aria

indi

ca

(Dalz

ell) A

iry S

haw

= Pr

osor

us in

dicu

s Da

lzell

++

+30

0-90

0e

Apr-J

ulM

ay-A

uggr

een

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Mala

ysia

Putra

njiva

roxb

urgh

ii Wall

.+

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-12

00e

May

-Jul

Jul-S

epgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar,

Nep

al, Ta

iwan

RHAm

nAce

Ae

Hove

nia

acer

ba L

indl

. +

++

++

+10

00-2

100

DM

ay-J

ulAu

g-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Hove

nia

dulci

s Thu

nb.

++

++

++

++

+10

00-1

500

DM

ay-J

ulAu

g-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

yello

wTim

ber

Indi

a, J

apan

, Kor

ea, T

haila

nd


Rham

nus

nepa

lensis

(W

all.)

M.A

. Law

son

+50

0-10

00D

May

-Sep

Nov-

Dec

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fuel

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l

Rham

nus

purp

urea

edg

ew.

++

++

++

+13

00-3

000

DAp

r-May

May

-Jun

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Rham

nus

virga

ta R

oxb.

+

++

++

++

++

++

+60

0-12

00D

Apr-M

ayJu

n-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Zizip

hus

hysu

drica

(e

dgew

.) Ho

le+

200-

800

DSe

p-De

cJa

n-M

argr

een

edib

leIn

dia,

Afg

anist

an, A

ustra

lia, C

hina

, Sri

Lank

a, S

Afri

ca

Zizip

hus

mau

ritian

a La

m.

++

+10

00-2

600

eAu

g-No

vSe

p-De

cgr

eeni

sh

yello

wed

ible,

M

edici

nal

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Aus

tralia

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

Af

rica,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Zizip

hus

rugo

sa L

am.

++

++

++

++

+50

0-12

00e

Apr-M

arSe

p-oc

tgr

een

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Sri

Lank

a,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Zizip

hus

xylop

yrus

Willd

.+

++

++

500-

1300

eM

ay-J

ulJu

n-De

cgr

eeni

sh

yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a

RHIz

opHo

RAce

Ae

Cara

llia b

rach

iata

(Lou

r.)

Mer

r. =

Diat

oma

brac

hiat

a Lo

ur.

++

++

++

++

++

500-

1500

eFe

b-M

arM

ar-J

ungr

eeni

sh

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Chi

na, M

adag

asca

r, Ne

pal

RosA

ceAe

Cera

sus

cera

soid

es

(Buc

h.-H

am. e

x D. D

on)

S.Y.

Soko

lov 62

= Pr

unus

ce

raso

ides

Buc

h.-H

am.

ex D

. Don

++

++

++

++

++

+12

00-3

100

Doc

t-Dec

Feb-

Mar

Pink

Fodd

er,

Sacr

ed, F

uel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Cera

sus

rufa

(Hoo

k. f.)

T.T

. Yu

& C.

L. L

i = P

runu

s ru

fa H

ook.

f. +

++

+15

00-2

000

DM

ar-A

prAu

g-Se

pPi

nk, W

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Nep

al

Coto

neas

ter c

onfu

sus

g.

Klot

z ex A

rv. K

umar

&

Pani

grah

i+

+22

00-2

500

DM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tPi

nk, W

hite

Fuel

Indi

a, N

epal

Crat

aegu

s so

ngar

ica K

. Ko

ch

+20

00-3

000

DM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tPi

nk, W

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Docy

nia

indi

ca (W

all.)

Decn

e. =

Pyr

us in

dica

W

all.

++

++

+20

00-3

000

eM

ar-A

prAu

g-Se

pW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Docy

nia

indi

ca (W

all.)

Decn

e. va

r. gr

iffith

iana

(Dec

ne.)

ghor

a+

++

2000

-300

0e

Mar

-Apr

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pak

istan

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Eriob

otry

a be

ngale

nsis

(Rox

b.) H

ook.

f. =

Mes

pilu

s be

ngale

nsis

Roxb

.

++

++

++

++

1000

-150

0e

Jan-

Feb

Mar

-May

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, B

orne

o, S

umat

ra, V

ietna

m

Eriob

otry

a du

bia

Decn

e.+

++

++

1500

-200

0e

oct-N

ovNo

v-M

arW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mala

ysia,

Nep

al


Eriob

otry

a ho

oker

iana

Decn

e.

++

++

+15

00-2

500

DM

ar-A

prAu

g-Se

pPi

nk, W

hite

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Eriob

otry

a jap

onica

(Thu

nb.)

Lindl

. =

Mes

pilu

s jap

onica

Thu

nb.

++

++

1200

-260

0e

Jun-

Jul

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Eriob

otry

a pe

tiolat

a

Hook

. f.

++

++

2000

-250

0e

Jun-

Jul

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Fuel

Indi

a

Laur

o-ce

rasu

s jen

kinsii

(H

ook.

f. &

Thom

son)

Br

owicz

= P

runu

s jen

kinsii

Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n

++

++

1500

-250

0D

Jun-

Aug

Sep-

Dec

Whi

te e

dibl

eIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

Laur

o-ce

rasu

s ph

aeos

ticta

(Han

ce) C

.K.

Schn

eid. =

Pyg

eum

ph

aeos

tictu

m H

ance

++

++

++

1200

-320

0D

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

yanm

ar, C

hina

, Vi

etna

m, T

haila

nd

Laur

o-ce

rasu

s un

dulat

a (B

uch.

-Ham

. ex D

. Don

) M

. Roe

m. =

Pru

nus

undu

lata

Buch

.-Ham

. ex

D. D

on

++

++

++

++

++

1500

-250

0D

Aug-

oct

Nov-

Dev

Yello

wish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, I

ndon

esia,

La

os, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Malu

s sik

kimen

sis (W

enz.)

Ko

ehne

= P

yrus

pas

hia

var.

sikkim

ensis

Wen

z.

++

2500

-300

0D

May

-Jul

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Micr

omele

s m

egha

lyens

is Pa

nigr

ahi

+15

00-2

200

DAp

r-Jun

Sep-

oct

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a

Micr

omele

s po

lycar

pa

(Hoo

k.f.)

Pan

igra

hi+

1500

-220

0D

Apr-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Padu

s av

ium

Mill.

63+

++

++

++

+15

00-3

000

DAp

r-May

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, N

Amer

ica, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Padu

s co

rnut

a (W

all.

ex R

oyle)

Car

rière

64 =

Ce

rasu

s co

rnut

a W

all.

ex R

oyle

++

++

++

+27

00-3

300

DAp

r-May

May

-oct

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, A

fgha

nist

an, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Padu

s na

paul

ensis

(Ser

.) C.

K. S

chne

id. =

Cer

asus

na

paul

ensis

Ser

.+

++

++

++

++

+15

00-1

800

DAp

r-May

Jun-

Jul

Whi

te e

dibl

eIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na

Phot

inia

argu

ta va

r. ho

oker

i (De

cne.

) J.e

. Vi

dal =

Pou

rthiae

a ho

oker

i Dec

ne.

++

+80

0-12

00e

Apr-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

Phot

inia

cusp

idat

a (B

erto

l.) B

alakr.

++

+15

00-2

200

eAp

r-Jun

Sep-

oct

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd


Phot

inia

glab

ra (T

hunb

.) Fr

anch

. & S

av. 65

=

Crat

aegu

s gl

abra

Thu

nb.

++

++

500-

800

eAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Phot

inia

glom

erat

a Re

hder

& e

.H. W

ilson

++

+15

00-2

000

DM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar

Phot

inia

inte

grifo

lia L

indl

.+

++

++

++

1500

-250

0e

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

Phot

inia

noto

nian

a W

ight

&

Arn.

+

1500

-200

0e

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

Prun

us a

cum

inat

a M

ichx.

++

++

++

++

++

600-

3000

DSe

p-No

vDe

c-M

ayW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Prun

us a

rbor

ea (B

lum

e)

Kalkm

an =

Poly

dont

ia ar

bore

a Bl

ume

++

++

++

++

1200

-300

0D

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

Crea

m,

Yello

wish

wh

iteFu

elIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Prun

us a

rbor

ea (B

lum

e)

Kalkm

an va

r. m

onta

na

(Hoo

k.f.)

Kalk

man

++

+15

00-2

500

DM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tCr

eam

y wh

iteFu

elIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Prun

us c

eras

us L

. +

++

++

++

++

++

1200

-320

0D

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Ju

lW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Prun

us s

alicin

a Lin

dl.

++

1500

-200

0D

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Aug

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Nep

al

Prun

us g

laucip

hylla

gh

ora

& Pa

nigr

ahi

++

++

+50

0-12

00D

Jul-A

ugoc

t-Nov

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, N

epal

Pyge

um a

cum

inat

um

Coleb

r. +

++

++

+12

00-2

500

eAp

r-May

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Nep

al

Pyge

um

glab

errim

um H

ook.

f.+

++

++

++

1500

-200

0e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Sep

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Nep

al

Pyge

um m

onta

num

Ho

ok. f

.+

1500

-200

0e

May

-Aug

oct-D

ecW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Pyru

s kh

asian

a Dc

ne.

+16

00-1

800

DJu

n-Ju

lAu

g-Se

pW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Pyru

s ko

him

ensis

Wat

t+

1500

-280

0D

Apr-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Fuel,

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Pyru

s pa

shia

Buch

.-Ham

. ex

D. D

on 66

++

++

++

++

++

++

500-

3000

DM

ar-A

prAu

g-Se

pW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, P

akist

an, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Pyru

s pa

shia

Buch

.-Ham

. ex

D. D

on va

r. ku

mao

ni

Stap

f.+

+50

0-30

00D

Mar

-Apr

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

Pyru

s po

lycar

pa H

ook.

f.+

++

++

++

1500

-180

0D

Apr-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

or

pink

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al

Pyru

s py

rifoli

a (B

urm

. f.)

Naka

i = F

icus

pyrif

olia

Burm

. f.

++

++

++

++

+30

0-14

00D

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Aug

Whi

te o

r pi

nked

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Viet

nam

Pyru

s sin

ensis

Lin

dl.

++

1600

-180

0D

Apr-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Nep

al


Sorb

us a

rach

noid

ea

Koeh

ne+

++

++

2200

-280

0D

Apr-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

or

pink

Misc

.In

da, B

huta

n

Sorb

us c

uspi

data

(Spa

ch)

Hedl

. 67=

Crat

aegu

s cu

spid

ata

Spac

h+

++

++

++

++

1700

-350

0D

Jun-

Jul

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teFu

elIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Sorb

us fe

rrugi

nea

(Wen

z.)

Rehd

er =

Sor

bus

sikkim

ensis

var.

ferru

gine

a W

enz.

++

++

200

0-28

00

DAp

r-Jun

Sep-

oct

Whi

teFu

elIn

da, B

huta

n

Sorb

us g

riffit

hii (

Decn

e.)

Rehd

er =

Micr

omele

s gr

iffith

ii Dec

ne.

++

++

++

1500

-230

0D

Apr-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

da, B

huta

n

Sorb

us in

signi

s (H

ook.

f.) H

edl. =

Pyr

us in

signi

s Ho

ok. f

.+

++

+25

00-4

000

DM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tDu

ll whi

teFu

el, M

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Sorb

us k

urzii

(Wat

t ex

Prain

) C.K

. Sch

neid

. =

Pyru

s ku

rzii W

att e

x Pra

in+

++

+23

00-3

200

DM

ay-J

unAu

g-Se

pW

hite

Fuel,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Sorb

us la

nata

(D. D

on)

Scha

uer 68

= P

yrus

lan

ata

D. D

on+

++

++

++

++

+23

00-3

200

DM

ay-J

unAu

g-Se

pW

hite

Fuel,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Sorb

us rh

amno

ides

(D

ecne

.) Re

hder

=

Micr

omele

s rh

amno

ides

De

cne.

++

+14

00-1

700

DM

ay-J

unJu

l-Sep

Whi

teFu

elIn

dia,

Chi

na, N

epal

Sorb

us ru

fopi

losa

C.K.

Sc

hneid

. +

++

2700

-400

0D

May

-Jun

Aug-

Sep

Pink

Fuel,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Sorb

us th

omso

nii (

King

ex

Hoo

k. f.)

Reh

der

++

+15

00-2

800

DAp

r-May

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teFu

el, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Sorb

us h

edlu

ndi C

. K.

Schn

eid.

++

+25

00-3

500

DAp

r-May

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Stra

nvae

sia n

ussia

(B

uch.

-Ham

. ex D

. Don

) De

cne.

= P

yrus

nus

sia

Buch

.-Ham

. ex D

. Don

++

++

++

+50

0-28

00e

Apr-M

ayAu

g-Se

pW

hite

Fuel

Indi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Ph

ilippi

nes,

Tha

iland

RuBI

AceA

e

Aidi

a co

chin

chin

ensis

Lo

ur.

++

++

++

++

+40

0-12

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Sep

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

orne

o, P

enin

sular

M

alaya

, Sum

atra

, Tha

iland

Cant

hium

di

cocc

um (g

aertn

.) M

err.

= Ps

ydra

x dico

ccos

ga

ertn

.

++

++

++

+15

00- 1

800

eAp

r-Jun

Jun-

Dec

gree

nish

wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a, N

epal


Cant

hium

glab

rum

Blu

me

++

++

++

++

+30

0-10

00e

Apr-J

unJu

n-De

cYe

llow

purp

lish

Misc

Indi

a, B

orne

o, C

elebe

s, Ch

ina,

Jav

a,

Less

er S

unda

Islan

ds, P

enin

sular

Mala

ya,

Philip

pine

s, Su

mat

ra,

Thail

and

Catu

nare

gam

spi

nosa

(T

hunb

.) Tir

veng

. =

Gard

enia

spin

osa

Thun

b.+

++

++

++

++

++

+30

0-90

0D

Mar

-Jun

May

-Jan

Yello

wish

gr

een

Med

icina

l, ed

ible

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Ind

ones

ia, L

aos,

Mad

agas

car,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Pakis

tan,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Catu

nare

gam

ulig

inos

a (R

etz.)

Siva

r.= G

arde

nia

ulig

inos

a Re

tz.+

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-50

0D

May

-Jun

Mar

-Apr

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Ch

ina,

Indo

nesia

, Mya

nmar

Ceph

alant

hus

tetra

ndra

(Rox

b.) R

idsd

ale

& Ba

kh. f

. = N

aucle

a te

trand

ra R

oxb.

++

++

+40

0-12

00e

Jun-

Sep

Jul-S

epgr

eeni

sh

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Ceris

coid

es tu

rgid

a (R

oxb.

) Tirv

eng.

=

Gard

enia

turg

ida

Roxb

.+

++

++

++

++

++

+50

0-10

00D

Apr-M

ayAp

r-Jun

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

alays

ia

Chas

salia

lush

aiens

is (C

.e.C

.Fisc

h.) F

isch.

=

Gaer

tner

a lu

shaie

nsis

C.e.

C. F

isch.

++

++

+15

00-3

000

DAp

r-May

Apr-J

unW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mala

ysia

Cinc

hona

offi

cinali

s L.

++

+15

00-2

600

eJu

n-Fe

bFe

b-M

arYe

llow

or

pale

pink

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Boli

via, C

hina

, N. A

mer

ica

Cinc

hona

pub

esce

ns V

ahl

++

600-

1200

eJu

n-Fe

bFe

b-M

arPi

nkM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

olivia

, Chi

na, N

. Am

erica

Disc

ospe

rmum

abn

orm

e (K

orth

.) S.

J. Al

i & R

obbr

. =

Gyno

pach

is ab

norm

is Ko

rth.

++

++

+40

0-80

0e

May

-Jun

Jun-

Aug

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Gard

enia

cam

panu

la Ri

dl.

++

++

++

++

1000

-220

0e

Jun-

Sep

Jul-S

epW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh

Gard

enia

coro

naria

Buc

h.-H

am.

++

+80

0-18

00D

Jun-

Sep

Jul-S

epYe

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Nep

al

Gard

enia

latifo

lia A

iton

++

++

+10

00-1

900

DAp

r-May

Jun-

Jul

Pale

yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, N

epal

Gard

enia

resin

ifera

Rot

h+

++

+50

0-12

00D

Mar

-Jul

Jul-N

ovW

hite

Med

icina

l

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Pak

istan

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Vi

etna

m

Hald

ina

cord

ifolia

(Rox

b.)

Rids

dale

= Na

uclea

co

rdifo

lia R

oxb.

++

++

++

++

++

+60

0-14

00D

Feb-

May

Jul-N

ovYe

llow

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Hym

enod

ictyo

n fla

ccid

um W

all.

++

++

++

++

+20

0-90

0D

May

-Jul

Aug-

Dec

Yello

wish

re

dM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal,

Viet

nam

Hym

enod

ictyo

n or

ixens

e (R

oxb.

) Mab

b. =

Ci

ncho

na o

rixen

sis R

oxb.

++

++

++

++

++

++

600-

1500

DM

ay-J

ulM

ay-D

ecgr

eeni

sh

white

Med

icina

l

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Pak

istan

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Vi

etna

m


Khas

iaclu

nea

oligo

ceph

ala (H

avil.)

Ri

dsda

le =

Adin

a oli

goce

phala

Hav

il.

++

++

+30

0-14

00e

Dec-

Mar

Mar

-Apr

Crea

my

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n

Met

adin

a tri

chot

oma

(Zoll

. &

Mor

itzi)

Bakh

. f.

= Na

uclea

trich

otom

a Zo

ll. &

Mor

itzi

++

++

++

300-

1400

eAp

r-Jun

Jul-D

ecCr

eam

y wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d,

Viet

nam

Mey

na la

xiflor

a Ro

byns

++

++

+40

0-18

00e

Mar

-Apr

Apr-M

aygr

eeni

sh

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Th

ailan

d

Mitr

agyn

a di

vers

ifolia

(Wall

. ex g

. Do

n) H

avil.

= Na

uclea

di

vers

ifolia

Wall

. ex g

. Do

n

++

++

++

++

+30

0-90

0D

Feb-

Aug

Jan-

Mar

Yello

wish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d,

Viet

nam

Mitr

agyn

a pa

rvifo

lia (R

oxb.

) Kor

th. =

Na

uclea

par

vifoli

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

++

++

300-

1000

DAp

r-Jun

Jul-o

ctgr

eeni

sh

or c

ream

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Pak

istan

, Sri

Lank

a

Mitr

agyn

a ro

tund

ifolia

(Rox

b.)

Kunt

ze =

Nau

clea

rotu

ndifo

lia R

oxb.

++

++

++

500-

1400

DAu

g-No

vSe

p-De

cYe

llowi

sh

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and

Mor

inda

an

gust

ifolia

Rox

b.

++

++

+50

0-14

00e

Apr-M

ayM

ay-S

epW

hite

Med

icina

l, M

iscIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Th

ailan

d

Mor

inda

citr

ifolia

L.

++

+50

0-10

00e

Alm

ost t

he

year

Alm

ost

the

year

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, C

ambo

dia,

Indo

nesia

, Ja

pan,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gui

nea,

Pa

cific

islan

ds, P

apua

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Solom

on Is

lands

, Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Neola

mar

ckia

cada

mba

(R

oxb.

) Bos

ser =

Nau

clea

cada

mba

Rox

b.+

++

++

++

++

+20

0-12

00e

May

-Jun

Jun-

Jul

oran

ge

yello

wM

iscIn

dia,

Nep

al

Neon

aucle

a ga

gean

a (K

ing)

Mer

r. =

Nauc

lea g

agea

na K

ing

+50

0-10

00e

Apr-M

ayM

ay-S

epW

hite

Misc

.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, C

ambo

dia,

Indo

nesia

, Ja

pan,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gui

nea,

Pa

cific

islan

ds, P

apua

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Solom

on Is

lands

, Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Neon

aucle

a gr

iffith

ii (Ho

ok. f

.) M

err.

= Ad

ina

griffi

thii H

ook.

f.+

++

++

++

++

800-

1300

eAp

r-May

May

-Sep

Red

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar

Neon

aucle

a se

ssilif

olia

(Rox

b.) M

err.

= Na

uclea

se

ssilif

olia

Roxb

.+

++

++

500-

700

eAp

r-May

May

-Sep

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m


Nost

olach

ma

jenkin

sii

(Hoo

k.f)

Deb

& La

hiri

=

Coffe

a jen

kinsii

Hoo

k.f.

+80

0-13

00e

Apr-M

ayM

ay-S

epRe

dAv

enue

Indi

a

Oxyc

eros

grif

fithi

i (Ho

ok.

f.) W

.C. C

hen

= Ra

ndia

griffi

thii H

ook.

f.+

++

+30

0-12

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Sep

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

orne

o, P

enin

sular

M

alaya

, Sum

atra

, Tha

iland

Pave

tta in

dica

L.

++

++

300-

1000

eAp

r-May

May

-Sep

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

edib

le In

dia,

Taiw

an

Psyc

hotri

a bu

rkilli

i Deb

&

M. g

ango

p.+

800-

1300

eAp

r-May

May

-Sep

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a

Sarc

ocep

halu

s co

rdat

us (R

oxb.

) Miq

. =

Nauc

lea c

orda

ta R

oxb.

++

700-

1200

eM

ay-J

unJu

n-Au

gYe

llowi

sh

to o

rang

eTim

ber,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Se

Asia,

New

gui

nea

Tare

nnoid

ea w

allich

ii (H

ook.

f.) T

irven

g. &

Sa

stre

= R

andi

a wa

llichi

i Ho

ok. f

.

++

++

+10

00-1

400

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-S

epW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Vang

ueria

m

adag

asca

riens

is J.

F. gm

el.+

++

+13

00-2

300

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-S

epW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

eth

iopia,

Mad

agas

car,

Nige

ria,

Sene

gal, S

udan

, Uga

nda,

Zan

zibar

Wen

dlan

dia

coria

cea

DC.

++

++

+80

0-12

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Sep

Whi

teM

iscIn

dia,

Nep

al

Wen

dlan

dia

exse

rta

(Rox

b.) D

C.69

= Ro

ndele

tia

exse

rta R

oxb.

++

800-

1200

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-S

epW

hite

Misc

Indi

a, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Wen

dlan

dia

glab

rata

DC.

++

+80

0-12

00e

May

-Jun

Jun-

Aug

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Wen

dlan

dia

gran

dis

(Hoo

k. f.)

Cow

an

= W

endl

andi

a tin

ctor

ia va

r. gr

andi

s Ho

ok. f

.

++

++

+12

00-2

000

eM

ay-J

unJu

n-Au

gW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal

Wen

dlan

dia

heyn

ei (S

chul

t.) S

anta

pau

& M

erch

ant =

Ron

delet

ia he

ynei

Schu

lt.

++

++

++

++

++

1500

-160

0e

May

-Jun

Jun-

Aug

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Wen

dlan

dia

odor

ata

Ro

xb.

++

1000

-150

0e

May

-Jun

Jun-

Aug

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Wen

dlan

dia

pani

culat

a (R

oxb.

) DC.

++

++

+80

0-12

00e

May

-Jun

Jun-

Aug

Blui

sh

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Wen

dlan

dia

pube

rula

DC.

++

++

++

800-

1200

eM

ay-J

unJu

n-Au

gBl

uish

wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a

Wen

dlan

dia

sikkim

ensis

Cow

an+

++

1000

-150

0D

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

oct

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam


Wen

dlan

dia

tinct

oria

(Rox

b.) D

C. =

m

Rond

eletia

tinc

toria

Rox

b.+

++

++

1200

-230

0D

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Aug

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Wen

dlan

dia

wallic

hii W

ight

& A

rn.

++

++

++

+10

00-2

400

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-Au

gW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Pak

istan

RutA

ceAe

Acro

nych

ia pe

dunc

ulat

a (L

.) M

iq. =

Ja

mbo

lifera

ped

uncu

lata

L.

++

++

++

++

+80

0-15

00e

Apr-A

ugAu

g-De

cgr

eeni

sh

white

Misc

.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Ch

ina,

Ind

ones

ia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Aegl

e m

arm

elos

(L.)

Corre

a =

Crat

eva

mar

melo

s L.

++

++

++

++

++

++

300-

1200

DM

ay-J

unJu

n-Ju

lgr

eeni

sh

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Sacr

ed, F

odde

rIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Pak

istan

Atala

ntia

mon

ophy

lla

(L.)

DC. =

Lim

onia

mon

ophy

lla L

.+

200-

1200

eM

ay-J

unJu

l-oct

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina

,Viet

nam

Atala

ntia

simpl

icifo

lia (R

oxb.

) eng

l. =

Amyr

is sim

plici

folia

Ro

xb.

+20

00-2

600

eM

ay-D

ecSe

p-De

cW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Clau

sena

ani

sata

(Willd

.) Ho

ok. f

. ex B

enth

. =

Amyr

is an

isata

Willd

.+

++

++

1000

-240

0D

Apr-M

ayoc

t-Dec

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a

Clau

sena

lans

ium

(Lou

r.)

Skee

ls =

Quin

aria

lansiu

m L

our.

++

++

+50

0-12

00e

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Aug

Whi

teM

isc.

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Chi

na, V

ietna

m

Euod

ia gl

abrif

olia

(Cha

mp.

ex B

enth

.) N.

P. Ba

lakr.

= Bo

ymia

glab

rifoli

a Ch

amp.

ex

Bent

h.

++

+60

0-10

00D

Jun-

Sep

Sep-

Dec

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Indo

nesia

, Jap

an, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Euod

ia ru

taec

arpa

Ben

th.

++

++

++

100-

1000

DAp

r-Jun

Aug-

Nov

Yello

wish

wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Euod

ia m

aliae

folia

Ben

th.

++

++

+20

0-12

00D

Apr-J

unAu

g-No

vYe

llowi

sh

white

Misc

. M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Ind

ones

ia,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Glyc

osm

is cy

anoc

arpa

Spr

eng.

++

++

++

+50

0-10

00e

Jan-

Mar

Mar

-Jun

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar

Glyc

osm

is cy

anoc

arpa

va

r. lin

earif

olioli

s V. N

aray

. ex

Tana

ka+

++

500-

1200

eJa

n-M

arM

ar-J

unW

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Limon

ia ac

idiss

ima

L.+

++

200-

1000

eM

ar-M

ayJu

l-Sep

Dull r

edM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pak

istan


Limon

ia cr

enul

ata

Roxb

.+

++

700-

1400

eFe

b-Ap

rJu

l-Sep

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Meli

cope

lunu

-an

kend

a (g

aertn

.) T.g

. Ha

rtley

= F

agar

a lu

nu-

anke

nda

gaer

tn.

++

++

++

+10

00-1

800

DAu

g-Se

poc

t-Dec

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

. M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Indo

nesia

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Micr

omelu

m

inte

gerri

mum

Wig

ht.

& Ar

n.+

++

++

++

200-

1000

eFe

b-Ap

rJu

l-Sep

Pale

gr

een

Med

icina

l, ed

ible,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Micr

omelu

m

min

utum

Wig

ht &

Arn

.+

+40

0-12

00e

Feb-

Apr

Jul-S

ep P

ale

gree

nM

edici

nal

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a,

Philip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd

Mur

raya

pan

iculat

a (L

.) Ja

ck =

Cha

lcas

pani

culat

a L.

++

++

++

++

++

++

400-

1000

eFe

b-Ap

rJu

l-Sep

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Mur

raya

koe

nigi

i (L.

) Sp

reng

. = B

erge

ra

koen

igii L

.+

++

++

++

++

++

+40

0-10

00e

Mar

-Apr

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Med

icina

l, ed

ible

Indi

a, B

huta

n, L

aos,

Nepa

l, Pak

istan

, Sri

Lank

a, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Skim

mia

arbo

resc

ens T

. An

ders

on e

x gam

ble

++

++

++

++

1600

-270

0e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Sep

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Skim

mia

arbo

resc

ens T

. An

ders

on e

x gam

ble

subs

p. n

itida

N.P.

Taylo

r &

Airy

Sha

w

++

++

1600

- 270

0e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Sep

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Skim

mia

arun

acha

lensis

goe

l &

Meh

rotra

++

++

1600

-250

0e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Sep

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Skim

mia

kam

enge

nsis

goel

& M

ehro

tra+

+28

00-3

500

eM

ay-S

epJu

l-Nov

Whi

te o

r ye

llowi

shM

edici

nal,

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Skim

mia

mul

tiner

via C

.C.

Huan

g+

2000

-260

0e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Sep

Yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Tetra

dium

fra

xinifo

lium

(Hoo

k. f.)

T.g

. Har

tley =

Phi

lagon

ia fra

xinifo

lia H

ook.

f.

++

++

++

+20

0-12

00D

May

-Sep

Jul-N

ovW

hite

or

yello

wish

Med

icina

l, ed

ible

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Tetra

dium

gl

abrif

olium

(Cha

mp.

ex

Ben

th.)

T.g. H

artle

y =

Boym

ia gl

abrif

olia

Cham

p. e

x Ben

th.

++

+30

0-12

00D

Jun-

Sep

Sep-

Dec

gree

nish

ye

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Indo

nesia

, Jap

an, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Tetra

dium

rutic

arpu

m (A

. Ju

ss.)

T.g. H

artle

y =

Boym

ia ru

ticar

pa A

. Jus

s.+

++

++

+30

0-30

00D

Apr-J

unAu

g-No

vgr

een,

ye

llow,

or

white

Med

icina

l In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al


Tetra

dium

tri

chot

omum

Lou

r.+

300-

1900

DAp

r-Aug

Sep-

Nov

gree

n,

yello

w, o

r wh

ite

Med

icina

l, ed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Zant

hoxy

lum

ac

anth

opod

ium

DC.

++

++

++

++

1000

-250

0D

Apr-M

aySe

p-oc

tLig

ht

yello

wM

edici

nal,

edib

le

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, In

done

sia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Zant

hoxy

lum

arm

atum

DC

. +

++

++

++

++

+10

00-1

500

DM

ar-J

unSe

p-No

vLig

ht

yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia, J

apan

, Kor

ea, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Zant

hoxy

lum

bu

drun

ga (R

oxb.

) Rox

b.+

++

+12

00-2

000

DM

ar-J

unSe

p-No

vCr

eam

y wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gui

nea,

Pap

ua,

Sri L

anka

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Zant

hoxy

lum

lim

onell

a Al

ston

++

++

+50

0-15

00D

Jun-

Aug

Sep

-Nov

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, In

done

sia, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, New

gui

nea,

Pap

ua, P

akist

an

Zant

hoxy

lum

m

yriac

anth

um W

all. e

x Ho

ok. f

.+

+20

0-15

00D

Jun-

Aug

Sep

-Nov

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

edib

le

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gui

nea,

Pap

ua,

Sri L

anka

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Zant

hoxy

lum

ov

alifo

lium

Tutc

her

++

++

+50

0-15

00D

Mar

-Jun

Sep-

Nov

Crea

my

white

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Indo

nesia

, Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, N

ew g

uine

a, P

akist

an, P

apua

Zant

hoxy

lum

rhet

sa D

C.+

++

++

++

1200

-200

0D

Mar

-Jun

Sep-

Nov

Crea

my

white

Med

icina

l, ed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Pap

ua, N

ew g

uine

a, S

ri La

nka,

Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

sABI

AceA

e

Meli

osm

a ar

notti

ana

(Wig

ht) W

alp.

= M

illing

toni

a ar

notti

ana

Wig

ht

++

++

++

++

500-

2000

eM

ay-J

ulAu

g-oc

tLig

ht

yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Jap

an, M

alays

ia,

Nepa

l, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, S K

orea

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Meli

osm

a di

lleni

ifolia

(Wall

. ex

Wig

ht &

Arn

.) W

alp. =

M

illing

toni

a di

lleni

ifolia

W

all. e

x Wig

ht &

Arn

.

++

++

++

++

1800

-200

0D

Jun-

Jul

Sep-

oct

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Meli

osm

a he

nryi

Diels

++

700-

1400

eM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na

Meli

osm

a pi

nnat

a (R

oxb.

) M

axim

. = M

illing

toni

a pi

nnat

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

++

+10

0-60

0e/

DM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

Meli

osm

a rh

oifoli

a M

axim

. var

. bar

bulat

a (C

ufod

.) Y.W

. Law

=

Meli

osm

a rh

oifoli

a su

bsp.

ba

rbul

ata

Cufo

d.

++

400-

1100

eM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar


Meli

osm

a sim

plici

folia

(Rox

b.)

Walp

. = M

illing

toni

a sim

plici

folia

Rox

b.

++

++

++

++

++

300-

1000

eM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a,

Tibet

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

,

Meli

osm

a th

omso

nii K

ing

ex B

rand

is+

+60

0-10

00e

May

-Jun

Sep-

oct

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Meli

osm

a yu

nnan

ensis

Fr

anch

.+

++

1800

-220

0e

May

-Jul

Aug-

oct

Crea

my

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

sAlI

cAce

Ae

Benn

ettio

dend

ron

lepro

sipes

(Clos

) Mer

r. =

Xylos

ma

lepro

sipes

Clos

++

++

++

++

+40

0-60

0e

Jan-

Feb

Feb-

May

gree

nish

ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, In

done

sia,

Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d

Case

aria

glom

erat

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

++

1000

-300

0D

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Aug

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n

Case

aria

grav

eolen

s Da

lzell

++

++

500-

1800

DM

ar-A

prAp

r-Jul

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Pak

istan

, Tha

iland

Case

aria

kurz

ii C.B

. Cl

arke

++

++

++

+50

0-15

00D

Mar

-May

Jan-

Feb

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

Case

aria

nigr

esce

ns Tu

l.+

++

++

++

++

++

300-

900

DJa

n-Ap

rAp

r-Aug

gree

nish

wh

iteFo

dder

Indi

a, P

akist

an, S

ri La

nka

Flaco

urtia

indi

ca (B

urm

. f.)

Mer

r. =

Gmeli

na in

dica

Bu

rm. f

.+

++

++

++

++

+40

0-12

00D

Dec-

Mar

May

-Aug

Yello

wish

gr

een

edib

le,

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Pak

istan

, Tha

iland

Flaco

urtia

jang

omas

(L

our.)

Rae

usch

. =

Stig

mar

ota

jango

mas

Lo

ur.

++

++

++

++

++

++

300-

1000

DM

ar-M

ayAu

g-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

white

edib

leIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, P

akist

an, T

haila

nd

Gyno

card

ia od

orat

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

++

300-

1200

eM

ar-M

ayNo

v-De

cPa

le ye

llow

Med

icina

l, M

iscIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

Hom

alium

ce

ylani

cum

(gar

dner

) Be

nth.

= B

lakwe

llia

ceyla

nica

gar

dner

++

++

++

200-

1300

eM

ar-M

ayoc

t-Dec

gree

nish

wh

iteTim

ber,

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, S

ri La

nka

Hom

alium

cey

lanicu

m

(gar

dner

) Ben

th. s

ubsp

. m

inut

ifloru

m (K

urz)

Mitr

a =

Hom

alium

min

utiflo

rum

Ku

rz

++

++

500-

1500

eM

ar-M

ayoc

t-Dec

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and

Hom

alium

nep

alens

e Be

nth.

++

++

700-

2100

eM

ay-J

unJu

n-Ju

lW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Nep

al

Hom

alium

sch

lichi

i Kur

z +

++

++

++

300-

1300

eM

ar-M

ayoc

t-Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, M

yanm

ar

Salix

acm

ophy

lla B

oiss.

++

+30

0-18

00D

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Sep

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, A

fgha

nist

an, C

hina

, Iraq

, Iran

, Pa

kista

n, P

alest

ine,

Sin

ai, S

yria,

Turk

ey


Salix

alb

a L.

+

++

700-

2100

eAp

r-May

May

-Jun

gree

nTim

ber,

Misc

.In

dia,

Asia

, eur

ope

Salix

calo

stac

hya

Ande

rsso

n +

700-

2100

eAp

r-May

May

-Jun

gree

nTim

ber,

Misc

.In

dia

Salix

dap

hnoid

esVi

llars

++

300-

2000

DAp

r-May

May

-Jun

gree

nish

br

own

Misc

.

Indi

a, A

ndor

ra, A

ustri

a, B

elaru

s, Cr

oatia

, Cz

ech

Repu

blic,

est

onia,

Fra

nce,

ge

rman

y, Hu

ngar

y, Ita

ly, L

atvia

, Lie

chte

nste

in, L

ithua

nia,

Lux

embo

urg,

No

rway

, Pola

nd, R

oman

ia, R

ussia

n Fe

dera

tion,

Slov

akia,

Slov

enia,

Spa

in,

Swed

en, S

witze

rland

, Ukr

aine

Salix

frag

ilis L

. +

300-

2000

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-Se

pgr

eeni

sh

brow

nM

isc.

Indi

a, A

fgha

nist

an, C

hina

, Iraq

, Iran

, Pa

kista

n, P

alest

ine,

Sin

ai, S

yria,

Turk

ey

Salix

pse

udoc

alycu

lata

Kim

ura

+30

0-16

00D

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Sep

gree

nish

br

own

Misc

.In

dia

Salix

pyc

nost

achy

a va

r. ox

ycar

pa (A

nder

sson

) Y.L

. Ch

ou &

C.F.

Fan

g =

Salix

ox

ycar

pa A

nder

sson

++

+20

0-18

00D

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Sep

gree

nish

br

own

Misc

.In

dia,

Afg

hani

stan

, Chi

na, Ir

aq, Ir

an,

Pakis

tan,

Pale

stin

e, S

inai,

Syr

ia, Tu

rkey

Salix

ser

icoca

rpa

Ande

rsso

n+

800-

2000

DAp

r-May

May

-Jun

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, A

fgha

nist

an, C

hina

, Nep

al, P

akist

an

Salix

sto

mat

opho

ra F

lod.

+10

00-1

500

DAp

r-May

May

-Jun

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a

Xylos

ma

cong

esta

(Lou

r.)

Mer

r. =

Crot

on c

onge

stus

Lo

ur.

++

+30

0-16

00e

Jul-A

ugoc

t-Nov

Yello

wFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an, T

aiwan

Xylos

ma

cont

rove

rsum

Clos

++

++

++

++

+80

0-15

00e

Nov-

Dec

Apr-M

ayDu

ll whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, N

epal

Xylos

ma

longi

folia

Clos

70+

++

++

++

++

++

+40

0-10

00e

oct-J

anFe

b-Ap

rgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina

, Nep

al, P

akist

an, T

haila

nd

sAnt

AlAc

eAe

Pyru

laria

edul

is (W

all.)

A. D

C. =

Sph

aero

cary

a ed

ulis

Wall

.+

++

++

800-

2000

DM

ar-M

aySe

p-oc

tgr

een

edib

le,M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

sApI

nDAc

eAe

Acer

acu

min

atum

Wall

. ex

D. D

on 71

++

++

++

+25

00- 3

000

DAp

r-May

oct-N

ovgr

een

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Nep

al

Acer

cae

sium

Wall

. ex

Bran

dis

72+

++

++

++

+20

00-3

500

DM

ay-J

unAu

g-Se

pYe

llowi

sh

gree

nTim

ber

Indi

a, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Acer

calc

arat

um g

agne

p.

++

+15

00-2

000

DNo

v-Ja

nM

ar-J

ulW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Acer

cam

pbell

ii Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n+

++

++

++

+16

00-1

800

DM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tYe

llowi

sh

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Viet

nam

Acer

cap

pado

cicum

gled

.+

++

++

++

++

++

1500

-180

0D

Mar

-May

Dec-

Feb

Yello

wish

gr

een

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Tur

key


Acer

cau

datu

m W

all.

++

++

++

++

1500

-250

0D

Mar

-May

oct-N

ovYe

llowi

sh

gree

nFo

dder

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Kor

ea, J

apan

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Acer

laev

igat

um W

all.

++

++

++

++

++

+15

00-2

500

DAp

r-May

oct-N

ovW

hite

Timbe

r In

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Acer

laur

inum

Has

sk.

++

+50

0-10

00e

Jun-

Sep

Sep-

Dec

Pale

ye

llow

Fuel,

Tim

ber

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d,

Viet

nam

Acer

neg

undo

L.

+15

00-2

200

DM

ay-J

unoc

t-Nov

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Acer

obl

ongu

m W

all. e

x DC

. 73+

++

++

++

++

++

1500

-220

0e

Feb-

Apr

Jan-

Apr

Yello

wish

gr

een

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Jap

an, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, P

akist

an, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Acer

obl

ongu

m W

all. e

x DC

. var

. micr

ocar

pum

Hi

ern

+14

00-2

000

eFe

b-Ap

rJa

n-Ap

rYe

llowi

sh

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, J

apan

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Pak

istan

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Acer

osm

asto

nii g

ambl

e+

++

+10

00-1

400

DM

ar-A

proc

t-Nov

gree

nish

to

cre

amy

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, N

epal,

Mya

nmar

Acer

palm

atum

Thu

nb.

++

++

++

1600

-200

0D

Apr-M

aySe

p-oc

tYe

llow

to

pink

ish

white

Timbe

r, Fu

elIn

dia,

Chi

na, ,

Jap

an, S

Kor

ea

Acer

pec

tinat

um W

all. e

x g.

Nich

olson

++

++

+30

00-3

700

DAp

r-May

Sep-

oct

Purp

lish

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Acer

pe

ntap

omicu

m S

tewa

rt ex

Bra

ndis

++

+15

00-2

200

DM

ar-A

proc

t-Nov

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Ne

pal, P

akist

an

Acer

pin

natin

erviu

m M

err.

++

+20

00-2

500

eAu

g-oc

tDe

c-Fe

bYe

llowi

sh

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Tha

iland

Acer

sikk

imen

se M

iq.

++

++

++

+15

00-2

500

DM

ar-A

prSe

p-oc

tYe

llowi

sh

gree

nTim

ber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Acer

st

achy

ophy

llum

Hier

n+

++

1400

-350

0D

Apr-M

aySe

p-oc

tYe

llowi

sh

gree

nTim

ber,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Acer

thom

soni

i Miq

.+

++

+18

00-3

000

DAp

r-May

Aug-

Sep

Yello

wish

gr

een

Timbe

r, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

Acer

ste

rcul

iaceu

m W

all.

++

++

++

1600

-310

0D

Apr-M

ayAu

g-Se

pYe

llowi

sh

gree

nTim

ber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

Acer

villo

sum

Wall

.+

++

++

+15

00-1

800

DAp

r-May

Jul

-Sep

Yello

wish

gr

een

Fodd

er,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Aus

tria,

eur

ope,

Nep

al

Aesc

ulus

ass

amica

Grif

f. +

++

++

++

++

+40

0-14

00D

Feb-

May

Jun-

Nov

Pale

yello

wish

gr

ayFo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Aesc

ulus

indi

ca (W

all.

ex C

ambe

ss.)

Hook

.74

= Pa

via in

dica

Wall

. ex

Cam

bess

.

++

++

++

++

++

+15

00-3

000

DAp

r-May

oct-N

ovPi

nkish

wh

iteFo

dder

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Ind

ones

ia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gui

nea,

Ph

ilippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam


Allop

hylus

cob

be (L

.) Ra

eusc

h. =

Rhus

cob

be L

.+

+20

0-90

0D

Mar

-Jun

Jun-

Sep

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Allop

hylus

zeyla

nicus

L.

++

+50

0-12

00D

Mar

-Jun

Jun-

Sep

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n

Dim

ocar

pus l

onga

n Lo

ur.

++

++

++

300-

1800

eM

ar-J

unJu

n-Se

pYe

llowi

sh

brow

ned

ible

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Ind

ones

ia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gui

nea,

Ph

ilippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Ditte

lasm

a ra

rak

(DC.

) Be

nth.

& H

ook.

f. =

Sapin

dus r

arak

DC.

++

++

+50

0-17

00D

Mar

-Jun

Sep-

Nov

Pale

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gu

inea

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Dodo

naea

visc

osa

Jacq

.+

++

200-

800

eJa

n-Se

pJu

n-Ju

lgr

eeni

sh

yello

wAv

enue

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, C

hina

, Pak

istan

, Sri

Lank

a,

S Af

rica,

N A

mer

ica

Harp

ullia

ram

iflora

Rad

lk.+

200-

800

DM

ar-J

unSe

p-No

vW

hite

to

crea

my

orna

men

tal,

Timbe

r

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, New

gu

inea

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Koelr

eute

ria p

anicu

lata

Laxm

++

500-

1000

DJa

n-Se

pJu

n-Ju

lYe

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, F

iji, F

orm

osa

Lepis

anth

es ru

bigino

sa

(Rox

b.) L

eenh

=

Sapin

dus r

ubigi

nosu

s Ro

xb.

++

++

+60

0-12

00e

Mar

-Jun

Sep-

Nov

Whi

te to

cr

eam

y M

edici

nal,

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Chi

na, In

done

sia,

Mala

ysia,

New

gui

nea,

Phi

lippi

nes

Lepis

anth

es p

errie

ri (C

houx

) Bue

rki, C

allm

. &

Lowr

y = M

anon

gariv

ea

perri

eri C

houx

++

++

800-

2000

eFe

b-M

arM

ay-J

unPu

rplis

h re

ded

ible,

M

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, In

done

sia, M

adag

asca

r, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, N

ew g

uine

a, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i Lan

ka

Lepis

anth

es

tetra

phyll

a Ra

dlk.

++

++

600-

1600

eFe

b-M

arM

ay-J

unCr

eam

y wh

iteM

edici

nal,

Misc

.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Ind

ones

ia,

Laos

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Sri

Lank

a,

Taiw

an, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Misc

hoca

rpus

pe

ntap

etalu

s (Ro

xb.)

Radl

k. =

Schle

icher

a pe

ntap

etala

Rox

b.

+60

0-16

00e

Mar

-Jun

Sep-

Nov

Crea

mTim

ber

Indi

a, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd,

Cam

bodi

a, L

aos,

Viet

nam

, Mala

ysia,

In

done

sia, P

hilip

pine

s

Neph

elium

ram

bout

an-

ake

(Lab

ill.) L

eenh

. =

Litch

i ram

bout

an-a

ke

Labi

ll.

++

++

+60

0-90

0e

May

-Jun

Aug-

Sep

Pale

yello

wed

ible

Indi

a, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Philip

pine

s

Sapin

dus t

rifoli

atus

L.

++

++

400-

1600

Doc

t-Dec

Jan-

Mar

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

galad

esh,

Pak

istan

, Sri

Lank

a

Sapin

dus s

apon

aria

L.75

++

++

++

++

++

++

400-

1000

DM

ay-J

unAu

g-Se

pgr

eeni

sh

yello

w M

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Jap

an, P

akist

an

Schle

icher

a ole

osa

(Lou

r.)

oken

= P

istac

ia ole

osa

Lour

.+

++

++

++

++

++

+30

0-10

00D

Mar

-Apr

Mar

-Apr

Yello

wFo

dder

, M

edici

nal,

edib

le

Indi

a, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland


Xero

sper

mum

no

ronh

ianum

(Blu

me)

Bl

ume

= Eu

phor

ia no

ronh

iana

Blum

e

++

++

500-

1000

DFe

b-M

ayJu

n-No

vW

hite

, ye

llow

edib

le,

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

ambo

dia,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

sApo

tAce

Ae

Aesa

ndra

but

yrac

ea

(Rox

b.) B

aehn

i = B

assia

bu

tyrac

ea R

oxb.

++

++

++

++

+40

0-16

00D

Feb-

Mar

Mar

-Jun

Whi

teFo

dder

, edi

ble

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

Chry

soph

yllum

lan

ceola

tum

(Blu

me)

A.

DC.

= N

ycte

risitio

n lan

ceola

tum

Blu

me

++

++

+60

0-10

00e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Nov

Crea

mM

isc.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

, M

adag

asca

r, Ne

pal, T

aiwan

, Viet

nam

Chry

soph

yllum

ro

xbur

ghii g

. Don

++

++

600-

1000

eM

ar-A

prAp

r-May

gre

enish

wh

iteed

ible

Indi

a, B

rune

i, Cam

bodi

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mad

agas

car,

Mala

ysia,

New

gui

nea,

Pa

pua,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Que

ensla

nd, S

olom

on

Islan

ds, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Mad

huca

long

ifolia

(J.

Koen

ig e

x L.)

J.F.

Mac

br.

= Ba

ssia

longi

folia

J.

Koen

ig e

x L.

++

++

++

++

++

++

800-

1200

eAp

r-Jun

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, S

ri La

nka

Mim

usop

s ele

ngi L

.+

++

++

++

++

+30

0-80

0e

Sep-

oct

Nov-

Dec

Crea

my

white

edib

le, A

venu

e In

dia,

Mala

ya P

enin

sula,

N A

mer

ica, S

ri La

nka

Palaq

uium

ob

ovat

um (g

riff.)

eng

l. =

Isona

ndra

obo

vata

grif

f.+

+12

00-2

500

eM

ar-o

ctoc

t-Dec

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

Ne

w gu

inea

, Pac

ific Is

lands

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Palaq

uium

po

lyant

hum

(Wall

. ex

g. D

on) B

aill. =

Bas

sia

polya

ntha

Wall

. ex g

. Don

++

++

++

+12

00-2

500

eM

ar-o

ctoc

t-Dec

Yello

wish

gr

eyM

isc.

Indi

a, Ta

iwan

Pout

eria

gran

difo

lia (W

all.)

Baeh

ni =

Sid

erox

ylon

gran

difo

lium

Wall

.

+50

0-12

00e

Mar

-oct

oct-D

ecPa

le ye

llow

edib

leIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Sarc

ospe

rma

arbo

reum

Buc

h.-H

am. e

x C.

B. C

larke

+

++

++

++

500-

2500

DSe

p-Ap

rM

ar-J

ungr

eeni

sh

white

Misc

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

Sarc

ospe

rma

griffi

thii H

ook.

f. ex

C.B

. Cl

arke

++

+50

0-80

0e

Mar

-Apr

May

-oct

Pale

gree

ned

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Taiw

an

Side

roxy

lon

assa

micu

m C

.B. C

larke

++

++

++

600-

1200

DSe

p-Ap

rM

ar-J

unW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh

Side

roxy

lon

gran

diflo

rum

A. D

C.+

++

++

600-

1200

DSe

p-oc

tSe

p-oc

tW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Mad

agas

car


Xant

olis

hook

eri (

C.B.

Cl

arke

) P. R

oyen

= Si

dero

xylon

hoo

keri

C.B.

Cl

arke

+60

0-14

00e

Dec-

Jan

Jan-

Feb

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, M

alays

ia

scHI

sAnD

RAce

Ae

Illiciu

m

cam

bodi

anum

Han

ce+

++

++

+90

0-12

00e

Apr-M

ayM

ay-J

unPi

nkM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Mya

nmar

Illiciu

m g

riffit

hii H

ook.

f. &

Thom

son

++

1200

-230

0e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Nov

gree

nish

wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

hina

Illiciu

m m

anip

uren

se W

att

ex K

ing

++

++

1700

-250

0e

Mar

-Jun

Jun-

Jul

gree

nish

wh

iteM

isc.

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar

Illiciu

m s

imon

sii M

axim

. +

++

+17

00-2

500

eFe

b-M

arM

ar-J

unPa

le ye

llow

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, C

hina

scHo

epfI

AceA

e

Scho

epfia

jas

min

odor

a Si

ebold

&

Zucc

.+

++

++

500-

2600

DM

ar-M

ayAp

r-Jun

Whi

te,

Pale

Yello

wFu

el, T

imbe

rIn

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Scho

epfia

frag

rans

Wall

.+

++

++

+80

0-21

00D

Sep-

Dec

oct-M

arW

hite

, Pa

le ye

llow

Misc

.In

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a,

Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

scRo

pHul

ARIA

ceAe

Wig

htia

spec

iosiss

ima

(D.

Don)

Mer

r. =

Gmeli

na

spec

iosiss

ima

D. D

on+

+12

00-2

500

DSe

p-oc

toc

t-Nov

Redd

ishM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

sIm

ARuB

AceA

e

Ailan

thus

altis

sima

(Mill.

) Sw

ingl

e+

++

300-

2500

DM

ay-J

unJu

l-Sep

gree

nor

nam

enta

l, M

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina

, Pak

istan

Ailan

thus

inte

grifo

lia L

am.

++

++

++

++

300-

800

eM

ay-J

unJu

l-Aug

gree

nM

isc.

Indi

a, In

done

sia, M

alays

ia, N

ew g

uine

a,

Papu

a, S

olom

on Is

lands

, Viet

nam

Aila

nthu

s in

tegr

ifolia

Lam

.sub

sp.

calyc

ina

(Pier

re) N

oot.

++

++

+30

0-10

00D

May

-Jun

Jul-A

uggr

een

Misc

.In

dia,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

New

gui

nea,

Pa

pua,

Solo

mon

Islan

ds, V

ietna

m

Ailan

thus

exc

elsa

Roxb

.+

++

++

++

+60

0-10

00D

Dec-

Jul

Jul-S

epYe

llow

Med

icina

l, Fo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Pak

istan

Bruc

ea ja

vani

ca (L

.) M

err.

= Rh

us ja

vani

ca L

.+

++

300-

1000

eJu

n-Ju

lAu

g-oc

tgr

eeni

sh

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Indo

nesia

, Chi

na,

Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sing

apor

e, S

ri La

nka,

Taiw

an

Picr

asm

a jav

anica

Blu

me

++

++

++

++

600-

1200

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Sep

Yello

wish

gr

een

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Jap

an, K

orea

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka

Picr

asm

a qu

assio

ides

(D.

Don)

Ben

n. 76

= Si

mab

a qu

assio

ides

D. D

on+

++

++

++

900-

2500

DAp

r-May

Jun-

Sep

Yello

wM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, J

apan

, Kor

ea, N

epal,

Sri

Lank

a


sonn

eRAt

IAce

Ae

Duab

anga

gr

andi

flora

(Rox

b. e

x DC.

) W

alp. =

Lag

erst

roem

ia gr

andi

flora

Rox

b. e

x DC.

++

++

++

800-

1500

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unCr

eam

y wh

iteTim

ber

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

stAc

HyuR

AceA

e

Stac

hyur

us

him

alaicu

s Ho

ok. f

. &

Thom

son

++

++

+40

0-30

00D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Aug

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

stAp

Hyle

AceA

e

Turp

inia

nepa

lensis

Wall

. ex

Wig

ht &

Arn

.+

++

++

++

++

1300

-230

0e

Mar

-May

Jun-

Aug

Whi

teM

edici

nal,

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Turp

inia

pom

ifera

(Rox

b.)

DC. =

Dalr

ympe

lea

pom

ifera

Rox

b.+

++

++

++

++

300-

1500

eJa

n-Ap

rJu

n-Au

gYe

llow

Med

icina

l, M

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

styR

AcAc

eAe

Alni

phyll

um

fortu

nei (

Hem

sl.) M

akin

o =

Hale

sia fo

rtune

i He

msl.

++

++

++

++

200-

2200

DAp

r-Jul

Aug-

oct

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, V

ietna

m

Brui

nsm

ia po

lyspe

rma

(C.B

. Cl

arke

) Ste

enis

= St

yrax

po

lyspe

rmus

C.B

. Clar

ke

++

1100

-130

0D

Apr-J

uloc

t-Dec

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

Para

styr

ax la

cei (

W.W

. Sm

.) W

.W. S

m. =

Styr

ax

lacei

W.W

. Sm

.+

++

++

800-

1500

DJu

n-M

arJu

n-Au

gCr

eam

Fiber

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

Styr

ax g

rand

ifloru

s gr

iff.

++

++

+10

00-2

200

DAp

r-Jun

Aug-

oct

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Styr

ax h

ooke

ri C.

B.

Clar

ke+

++

+20

00-2

300

DAp

r-Jun

Aug-

oct

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Styr

ax p

olysp

erm

um C

.B.

Clar

ke+

+80

0-19

00D

Apr-J

unoc

t-Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

Styr

ax s

erru

latus

Rox

b.+

++

++

++

+80

0-19

00D

Mar

-May

Jul-N

ovYe

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Th

ailan

d

sym

ploc

AceA

e

Sym

ploc

os

coch

inch

inen

sis (L

our.)

S.

Moo

re =

Dica

lix

coch

inch

inen

sis L

our.

++

++

++

+80

0-15

00e

Aug-

Sep

Nov-

Dec

Yello

wish

wh

iteTa

nnin

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, C

ambo

dia,

Indo

nesia

, La

os, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, N

ew g

uine

a,

Pacifi

c Isl

and,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri L

anka

, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m


Sym

ploc

os

coch

inch

inen

sis (L

our.)

S.

Moo

re

subs

p. la

urin

a (R

etz.)

No

ot. =

= M

yrtu

s lau

rina

Retz.

++

+20

0-30

00e

Aug-

Dec

Mar

-Jun

Whi

teTa

nnin

Indi

a,Ch

ina

Sym

ploc

os d

ryop

hila

C.B.

Cl

arke

++

++

2100

-320

0D

Mar

-May

Jul-A

ugW

hite

Misc

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Sym

ploc

os

ferru

gine

a Ro

xb.

++

++

1200

-160

0e

Sep-

Nov

oct-D

ecW

hite

Tann

inIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Kor

ea,

Mya

nmar

, Pak

istan

Sym

ploc

os

glau

ca (T

hunb

.) Ko

idz.

= La

urus

glau

ca T

hunb

.+

++

++

+60

0-30

00e

Apr-A

ugAu

g-oc

tW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Sym

ploc

os

glom

erat

a Ki

ng e

x C.B

. Cl

arke

++

++

++

+12

00-2

700

eAp

r-May

Jun-

Jul

Yello

wish

wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Sym

ploc

os

glan

dulife

ra B

rand

++

++

1400

-200

0e

Apr-M

ayJu

n-oc

tYe

llowi

sh

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Kor

ea,

Mya

nmar

, Pak

istan

Sym

ploc

os h

ooke

ri C.

B.

Clar

ke+

++

++

+15

00-1

700

eAp

r-May

May

-Aug

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Sym

ploc

os

khas

iana

Bran

d+

++

++

1500

-170

0e

Apr-M

ayM

ay-A

ugW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Sym

ploc

os

lancif

olia

Sieb

old &

Zuc

c.+

++

++

800-

1400

eM

ar-N

ovJu

n-De

cW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Viet

nam

Sym

ploc

os

mac

roph

ylla

Wall

. ex

A. D

C.+

+80

0-12

00e

Apr-J

unSe

p-No

vgr

eeni

sh

white

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Sri

Lank

a

Sym

ploc

os

oxyp

hylla

Wall

. ex A

. DC.

++

++

++

1000

-160

0e

Apr-J

unSe

p-No

vW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Sym

ploc

os p

anicu

lata

Miq

. 77+

++

++

++

++

++

1000

-300

0D

Apr-J

unSe

p-No

vW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Indo

nesia

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, S

ri La

nka

Sym

ploc

os p

ealii

King

ex

Das

++

++

1000

-300

0D

Apr-J

unSe

p-No

vW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Kor

ea,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

Sym

ploc

os p

yrifo

lia W

all.

ex g

. Don

++

+14

00-2

400

eAp

r-Jun

Sep-

Nov

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, N

epal

Sym

ploc

os

race

mos

a Ro

xb. 78

++

++

++

++

++

+10

0-16

00e

Dec-

Apr

Jun-

Jul

Whi

teM

edici

nal

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Sym

ploc

os

ram

osiss

ima

Wall

. ex

g. D

on+

++

++

++

++

1000

-260

0e

Apr-M

ayM

ay-J

unW

hite

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Viet

nam

Sym

ploc

os s

pica

ta R

oxb.

++

++

++

++

+50

0-15

00e

Sep-

oct

oct-N

ovW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Mala

ysia


Sym

ploc

os

sum

untia

Buc

h.-H

am. e

x D.

Don

++

++

++

100-

1800

eFe

b-No

vAp

r-Nov

Whi

teTa

nnin

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Jap

an, K

orea

, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd,

Viet

nam

Sym

ploc

os th

eaef

olia

D. D

on+

++

++

++

500-

260

0D

Mar

-Dec

May

-Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Lao

s, M

alays

ia, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

tAm

ARIc

AceA

e

Tam

arix

dioic

a Ro

xb. e

x Ro

th+

++

++

++

++

++

+30

0-15

00D

Alm

ost t

he

year

Alm

ost

the

year

Purp

leed

ible

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Ban

glad

esh,

Pak

istan

, Sr

i Lan

ka

tetR

Amel

AceA

e

Tetra

mele

s nu

diflo

ra R

. Br

.+

++

++

500-

700

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

unYe

llow

Misc

.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n,

Cam

bodi

a, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

New

gui

nea,

Sri

Lank

a,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

tHeA

ceAe

Adin

andr

a gr

iffith

ii Dye

r+

++

1200

-180

0e

Apr-J

unM

ay-D

ecW

hite

Misc

.In

dia

Cam

ellia

kissii

Wall

.+

++

++

++

900-

2200

eNo

v-De

cSe

p-oc

tW

hite

edib

le,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

bodi

a, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Cam

ellia

kissi

Wall

. var

. st

enop

hylla

(Kob

uski)

Se

aly+

++

1000

-150

0e

Jul-S

epoc

t-Nov

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

Cam

ellia

siang

ensis

T.K.

Pa

ul &

M.P.

Nay

ar+

1100

-180

0e

Jul-S

epoc

t-Nov

Crea

my

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia

Pyre

naria

ba

rring

toni

ifolia

See

m.

++

+30

0-12

00e

Mar

-May

oct-F

ebCr

eam

y ye

llow

Med

icina

lIn

dia

Schi

ma

wallic

hii (

DC.)

Korth

.+

++

++

++

+80

0-18

00e

Apr-M

ayNo

v-De

cW

hite

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Schi

ma

wallic

hii v

ar.

khas

iana

Bloe

mb.

++

++

900-

1800

eAp

r-May

Nov-

Dec

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

tHym

elAc

eAe

Aqui

laria

khas

iana

Hallie

r f.

++

400-

1000

eAp

r-Aug

Nov-

Dec

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar,

Nepa

l, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Aqui

laria

mala

ccen

sis L

am.

++

++

++

++

+80

0-12

00e

Apr-A

ugNo

v-De

cW

hite

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Iran

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Si

ngap

ore,

Tha

iland

Edge

worth

ia ga

rdne

ri M

eisn.

ex W

all.

++

++

1000

-250

0D

Jan-

Mar

May

-Jun

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

tRoc

HoDe

nDRA

ceAe

Tetra

cent

ron

sinen

se o

liv.

++

2200

-330

0D

Apr-J

ulJu

l-oct

Yello

wish

gr

een

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, V

ietna

m

ulm

AceA

e

Holop

telea

in

tegr

ifolia

Ren

dle

++

++

++

++

++

++

200-

800

DFe

b-M

ayM

ay-J

ulgr

eeni

sh

yello

wAv

enue

, Fo

dder

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an


Ulm

us b

rand

isian

a Sc

hn.

++

2200

-300

0 D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

gree

nish

ye

llow

Fuel

Indi

a, P

akist

an

Ulm

us c

hum

lia M

elville

&

Heyb

roek

++

++

1100

-200

0D

Feb-

Mar

Jun-

Jul

gree

nFu

elIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd

Ulm

us vi

llosa

Bra

ndis

ex

gam

ble

++

1200

-270

0D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jun

gree

nFu

elIn

dia,

Afg

anist

an, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pa

kista

n

Ulm

us w

allich

iana

Plan

ch.

++

+22

00-3

000

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ungr

een

Fuel,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Nep

al, P

akist

an

Ulm

us w

allich

iana

var.

tom

ento

sa M

elville

&

Heyb

roek

+20

00-3

000

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ungr

een

Misc

.In

dia

Ulm

us la

nceif

olia

Roxb

. ex

Wall

.+

++

++

++

++

300-

1500

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ungr

een

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Vi

etna

m

uRtI

cAce

Ae

Boeh

mer

ia ru

gulos

a W

edd.

79+

++

++

++

++

++

+50

0-15

00D

May

-Aug

Jul-S

epgr

eeni

sh

brow

nFo

dder

Indi

a, C

hina

, Nep

al

Boeh

mer

ia gl

omer

ulife

ra

Miq

.+

++

500-

1500

DAp

r-Jun

Jun-

Sep

gree

nish

br

own

Fiber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, In

done

sia, L

aos,

Mya

nmar

, Sr

i Lan

ka, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Boeh

mer

ia ca

udat

a Sw

.+

++

400-

1500

DM

ay-A

ugJu

l-Sep

gree

nish

br

own

Fiber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Viet

nam

Debr

egea

sia lo

ngifo

lia

(Bur

m. f

.) W

edd.

++

++

++

++

++

+13

00-2

300

DAp

r-Jun

Jun-

Sep

gree

nFib

erIn

dia,

Afg

anist

an, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar,

Pakis

tan,

Sri

Lank

a

Debr

egea

sia

wallic

hian

a (W

edd.

) W

edd.

++

++

++

+40

0-12

00e

May

-Aug

Jul-S

epgr

een

Fiber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Dend

rocn

ide

sinua

ta (B

lum

e) C

hew

++

+30

0-80

0e

Apr-J

unJu

n-Se

pgr

eeni

sh

brow

nM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d

Oreo

cnid

e in

tegr

ifolia

(gau

dich

.) M

iq.

++

++

+20

0-14

00e

Mar

-May

Jul-S

epgr

een

Fiber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Lao

s, M

yanm

ar, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Sarc

ochl

amys

pu

lcher

rima

gaud

ich.

++

800-

1400

eAp

r-Jun

Jun-

Sep

gree

nFib

erIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, In

done

sia, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and

vIol

AceA

e

Rino

rea

beng

alens

is (W

all.)

gagn

ep. in

Hum

bert

= Al

sode

ia be

ngale

nsis

Wall

.

++

++

++

300-

800

eAp

r-May

Se

p-oc

tW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Chi

na, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Sri L

anka

, Tha

iland

, Viet

nam


Anne

xure

- II

: cul

tivat

ed A

ngio

sper

m tr

ees

of In

dian

Him

alay

an R

egio

n

Taxa

JKHP

UKSK

WB

ARNL

MN

MZ

TRM

LAS

Al

titud

inal

Rang

e (m

)Tr

ee

habi

tFlo

werin

gFr

utitin

gFlo

wer

Color

Uses

Dist

ribut

ion

AnAc

ARDI

AceA

e

Anac

ardi

um o

ccid

enta

le L.

++

++

300-

600

DM

ar-A

prJu

l-Aug

gree

nish

ye

llow

edib

leIn

dia,

Afri

ca ,

Bang

lades

h, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, N

. Am

erica

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sri

Lank

a

Buch

anan

ia lan

zan

Spre

ng.

++

++

++

++

500-

1300

DJa

n-Ap

rAp

r-May

gree

nish

wh

iteed

ible,

or

anam

etal

Indi

a, M

yanm

ar

Man

gife

ra in

dica

L.

++

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1400

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

ulgr

eeni

sh

yello

wed

ible

Indi

a, A

frica

, Ba

nglad

esh,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, N. A

mer

ica, P

hilip

pine

s, S

ri La

nka

Anno

nAce

Ae

Anno

na re

ticul

ata

L. =

An

nona

muc

osa

Jacq

.+

++

++

++

++

+40

0-12

00D

May

-Jul

Sep-

Jan

gree

nish

ye

llow

edib

leIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

roon

, Con

go,g

ambi

a,

ghan

a, L

iber

ia, M

ali, N

iger

ia, S

ierra

, Tog

o

Anno

na s

quam

osa

L.+

++

++

++

++

++

300-

800

DAp

r-Aug

Aug-

Sep

Pale

Yello

wIn

dia,

N. A

mer

ica, W

estIn

dies

Polya

lthia

longi

folia

(S

onn.

) Thw

aites

= U

varia

lon

gifo

lia S

onn.

++

++

200-

1200

eM

ar-M

ay J

ul-S

epgr

eeni

sh

yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, S

ri La

nka

Apoc

ynAc

eAe

Alst

onia

scho

laris

(L.)

R.

Br. =

Ech

ites

scho

laris

L.+

++

++

++

++

++

+30

0-80

0e

Dec-

Mar

May

-Jun

Whi

teor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

roon

, Con

go,g

ambi

a,

ghan

a, L

iber

ia, M

ali, N

iger

ia, S

ierra

, Tog

o

Neriu

m o

leand

er L

. 4+

++

++

++

++

++

+30

0-28

00e

Mar

-Apr

Mar

-Apr

Pink

Med

icina

l, or

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia, N

epal,

Pe

ru

Plum

eria

inod

ora

Jacq

.+

++

++

800-

2000

eM

ay-J

unJu

l-Sep

Whi

teor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

roon

, Con

go,g

ambi

a,

ghan

a, L

iber

ia, M

ali, N

iger

ia, S

ierra

, Tog

o

Plum

eria

rubr

a L.

++

++

++

++

1000

-150

0e

May

-Jun

Jul-S

epW

hite

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, A

mer

ica, g

uete

mala

, Mex

ico,

Pakis

tan

Thev

etia

peru

viana

(Per

s.)

K. S

chum

. = C

erbe

ra

peru

viana

Per

s.+

++

++

++

++

++

1200

-260

0e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Sep

gree

nish

ye

llow

Med

icina

l, or

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia, N

epal,

Pe

ru

BIgn

onIA

ceAe

Fern

ando

a ad

enop

hylla

(Wall

. ex g

. Do

n) S

teen

is =

Bign

onia

aden

ophy

lla W

all. e

x g.

Don

++

++

++

+11

00-1

800

DAu

g-Se

pSe

p-No

vYe

llow

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, P

akist

an


Jaca

rand

a m

imos

ifolia

D.

Don

80+

++

++

++

++

++

1200

-260

0D

Mar

-Apr

May

-Sep

Purp

leAv

enue

Indi

a, A

rgen

tina,

Aus

tralia

, Bra

zil, P

akist

an

Kige

lia a

frica

na (L

am.)

Bent

h. =

Big

noni

a af

rican

a La

m.

++

++

++

200-

800

DM

ay-J

ulSe

p-oc

tRe

dM

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina

, Moz

ambi

que

Milli

ngto

nia

horte

nsis

L. f.

++

++

++

1200

-250

0e

Mar

-oct

oct-N

ovW

hite

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

Paul

owni

a to

men

tosa

(T

hunb

.) St

eud.

=

Bign

onia

tom

ento

sa

Thun

b.

++

++

++

+11

00-1

800

DM

ar-A

prM

ay-S

epPu

rple

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Am

erica

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, C

olum

bia,

eh

iopia,

Mya

nmar

,Nep

al

Teco

ma

stan

s (L

.) Ju

ss.

ex K

unth

= B

igno

nia

stan

s L.

++

++

++

++

++

++

500-

2600

eM

ar-o

ctoc

t-Nov

Yello

wor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Cam

roon

, Con

go,g

ambi

a,

ghan

a, L

iber

ia, M

ali, N

iger

ia, S

ierra

, Tog

o

BIxA

ceAe

Bixa

ore

llana

L.

++

++

++

++

++

800-

2000

DAu

g- N

ovDe

c-Fe

bW

hite

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, N

Am

erica

, S

Amer

ica

cARI

cAce

Ae

Caric

a pa

paya

L.

++

++

++

++

++

++

200-

2200

DAp

r-Jun

Jul-S

epW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar, P

akist

an,N

Am

erica

, S A

mer

ica

cAsu

ARIn

AceA

e

Casu

arin

a lito

ralis

L.

++

++

++

+20

0-22

00e

Apr-J

unJu

l-Sep

Red

Misc

.In

dia,

Afri

ca, P

akist

an

fABA

ceAe

Delon

ix re

gia

(Boje

r ex

Hoo

k.) R

af. 81

=

Poin

ciana

regi

a Bo

jer e

x Ho

ok.

++

++

++

++

++

++

500-

1000

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-Ju

lRe

ddish

Aven

ue,

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, A

mer

ica, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Colu

mbi

a,

ehiop

ia, N

epal,

Mya

nmar

Leuc

aena

leuc

ocep

hala

(Lam

) De

wit 82

= M

imos

a leu

coce

phala

Lam

.+

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0- 2

000

eJu

n-Se

pSe

p-De

cW

hite

Fodd

er, F

uel

Indi

a, P

akist

an, S

Am

erica

Robi

nia

pseu

doac

acia

L. 83

++

++

++

++

++

+12

00-2

400

DM

ar- M

ayM

ay-J

unW

hite

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Am

erica

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, C

olum

bia,

eh

iopia,

Nep

al, M

yanm

ar

Sara

ca a

soca

(Rox

b.) D

e W

ilde

84 =

Jon

esia

asoc

a Ro

xb.

++

++

++

++

++

++

500-

1000

eM

ar- M

ayM

ay-J

unRe

ddish

Aven

ue,

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, N A

mer

ica, S

Am

erica

Tam

arin

dus

indi

ca L

. +

++

++

++

++

++

400-

800

eM

ay-J

unM

ar-A

prYe

llowi

shed

ible

Indi

a, A

frica

, Chi

na, P

akist

an


lytH

RAce

Ae

Lage

rstro

emia

hirs

uta

Rottl

er+

++

++

++

+20

0-18

00D

Jun-

Sep

Sep-

Nov

Purp

leor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan

Lage

rstro

emia

indi

ca L

.+

++

++

++

++

++

200-

1800

DJu

n-Se

pSe

p-No

vPu

rple

orna

men

tal,

Misc

.

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, C

ambo

dia,

Ch

ina,

Indo

nesia

, Jap

an, L

aos,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pak

istan

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Sing

apor

e, S

ri La

nka,

Tha

iland

, Viet

nam

Lage

rstro

emia

parv

iflora

Rox

b.

++

++

++

++

++

+60

0-10

00D

Jun-

Sep

Sep-

Nov

Whi

teFo

dder

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, In

done

sia,

M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar, P

hilip

pine

s, Sr

i lank

a,

Thail

and,

Viet

nam

Puni

ca g

rana

tum

L. 85

+

++

++

++

++

++

+50

0-28

00e

Jun-

Sep

Sep-

Dec

oran

geed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Pak

istan

, N

Amer

ica, S

Am

erica

mAg

nolI

AceA

e

Mag

nolia

gra

ndiflo

ra L

.+

++

++

++

++

+15

00-2

000

eM

ay-J

unSe

p-oc

tW

hite

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar,

N Am

erica

Mag

nolia

ho

dgso

nii (

Hook

. f. &

Th

omso

n) H

. Ken

g =

Talau

ma

hodg

soni

i Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n

++

++

++

++

800-

1500

eAp

r-May

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, N

Amer

ica,

Pakis

tan

Mich

elia

cham

paca

L.

++

++

++

++

++

++

800-

1500

eAp

r-May

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, J

ava,

Mala

ysia,

M

yanm

ar, N

epal

Mich

elia

dolts

opa

Buch

.-Ha

m. e

x DC.

+

++

++

++

1000

-250

0e

Apr-M

ayAu

g-Se

pW

hite

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, J

ava

Mich

elia

kisop

a Bu

ch.-

Ham

. ex D

C.

++

++

++

++

1500

-210

0e

Apr-M

ayAu

g-Se

pCr

eam

y wh

iteor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Nep

al

Oyam

a gl

obos

a (H

ook.

f. &

Thom

son)

N.H

. xia

& C.

Y. W

u =

Mag

nolia

gl

obos

a Ho

ok. f

. &

Thom

son

++

++

1300

-250

0e

May

-Jun

Jul-A

ugW

hite

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Yulan

ia ca

mpb

ellii (

Hook

. f.

& Th

omso

n) D

.L. F

u =

Mag

nolia

cam

pbell

ii Ho

ok. f

. & T

hom

son

++

++

+10

00-3

000

DFe

b-M

ayJu

n-oc

tYe

llowi

sh

white

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

mAl

vAce

Ae

Ceib

a pe

ntan

dra

(L.)

gaer

tn. =

Bom

bax

pent

andr

um L

.+

++

++

500-

1600

DDe

c-Fe

bFe

b-Ap

rPi

nkgu

m/

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

S. A

mer

ica

Guaz

uma

ulm

ifolia

Lam

. +

+50

0-16

00D

Mar

-Sep

Jun-

Feb

Yello

wM

isc.

Indi

a, A

mer

ica, In

done

sia

Hibi

scus

mut

abilis

L. 86

++

++

++

++

++

++

500-

1600

DM

ar-S

epJu

n-Fe

bYe

llow

orna

men

tal

Indi

a, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar,

N Am

erica

, Pa

kista

n


Klein

hovia

hos

pita

L.

+80

0-15

00D

oct-N

ovDe

c-Ja

nPi

nkM

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, M

alays

ia, P

olyne

sia, S

Af

rica,

Sri

Lank

a

Cola

acum

inat

a (P.

Be

auv.)

Sch

ott &

end

l. =

Ster

culia

acu

min

ata

P. Be

auv.

++

800-

1500

DAp

r-May

Aug-

Sep

Whi

teor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Aus

tralia

, Mala

ysia,

Poly

nesia

, S

Afric

a, S

ri La

nka

moR

AceA

e

Arto

carp

us

hete

roph

yllus

Lam

.+

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0-10

00D

Apr-M

ayJu

n-Se

ped

ible

Indi

a, A

sia, A

frica

, Bra

zil

myR

tAce

Ae

Callis

tem

on c

itrin

us

(Cur

tis) S

keels

87+

++

++

++

++

++

+20

0- 2

800

eTh

roug

hout

the

area

Red

Misc

.Co

smop

olita

n

Euca

lyptu

s bi

color

A.

Cunn

.+

++

++

500-

1500

eTh

roug

hout

the

area

Whi

teM

isc.

Cosm

opoli

tan

Euca

lyptu

s ca

mald

ulen

sis

Denh

am.

++

++

++

+40

0-16

00e

Thro

ugho

ut th

e ar

eaW

hite

Misc

.Co

smop

olita

n

Cory

mbi

a cit

riodo

ra

(Hoo

k.) K

.D. H

ill &

L.A.

S.

John

son

= Eu

calyp

tus

citrio

dora

Hoo

k.

++

++

++

600-

1800

eTh

roug

hout

the

area

Whi

teM

isc.

Cosm

opoli

tan

Euca

lyptu

s co

riace

a A.

Cu

nn.

++

++

++

500-

1500

eTh

roug

hout

the

area

Whi

teM

isc.

Cosm

opoli

tan

Euca

lyptu

s cr

ebra

F. V.

M

uell.

++

+50

0-15

00e

Thro

ugho

ut th

e ar

eaW

hite

Misc

.Co

smop

olita

n

Euca

lyptu

s dr

epan

ophy

lla

F. V.

Mue

ll. ex

Ben

th.

++

++

++

+10

00-2

000

eTh

roug

hout

the

area

Whi

teM

isc.

Cosm

opoli

tan

Euca

lyptu

s gl

obul

us

Labi

ll. 88

++

++

++

++

++

++

500-

1600

eTh

roug

hout

the

area

Whi

teM

isc.

Cosm

opoli

tan

Euca

lyptu

s m

acul

ata

Hook

.+

+50

0-16

00e

Thro

ugho

ut th

e ar

eaW

hite

Misc

.Co

smop

olita

n

Euca

lyptu

s ob

liqua

L. H

er.

++

++

+60

0-14

00e

Thro

ugho

ut th

e ar

eaW

hite

Misc

.Co

smop

olita

n

Euca

lyptu

s sa

ligna

Sm

.+

++

++

+50

0-16

00e

Thro

ugho

ut th

e ar

eaW

hite

Misc

.Co

smop

olita

n

Euca

lyptu

s st

aiger

iana

F. V.

Mue

ll. ex

F.M

. Bail

ey+

++

500-

1500

eTh

roug

hout

the

area

Whi

teM

isc.

Cosm

opoli

tan

Euca

lyptu

s te

retic

orni

s Sm

.+

++

+60

0-14

00e

Thro

ugho

ut th

e ar

eaW

hite

Misc

.Co

smop

olita

n

Psid

ium

gua

java

L.+

++

++

++

++

++

+50

0-26

00D

Thro

ugho

ut th

e ar

eaW

hite

edib

leCo

smop

olita

n

oxAl

IDAc

eAe

Aver

rhoa

car

ambo

la L.

++

++

++

++

+50

0-10

00e

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Jul

Pink

edib

leIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

adag

asca

r, M

alays

ia,

Mya

nmar

, Pak

istan


plAt

AnAc

eAe

Plat

anus

orie

ntali

s L.

89+

++

++

++

2500

-300

0D

Mar

-Apr

Sep-

Nov

Redd

ish

gree

nor

nam

enta

lIn

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Pak

istan

RosA

ceAe

Malu

s ba

ccat

a (L

.) Bo

rkh

= Py

rus

bacc

ata

L.+

++

++

++

++

++

1500

-340

0D

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Sep

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

, Th

ailan

d, Tu

rkey

Malu

s pu

mila

Mill.

++

++

++

++

++

+15

00-3

000

DAp

r-May

Jul-S

epW

hite

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Bhu

tan,

Iran

, N

Amer

ica, R

ussia

, Tur

key

Malu

s sy

lvest

ris M

ill.+

++

++

++

++

++

1500

-300

0D

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Sep

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, B

angl

ades

h, B

huta

n, Ir

an, N

Am

erica

, Rus

sia, T

urke

y

Prun

us d

ulcis

(Mill.

) D.A

. W

ebb

= Am

ygda

lus

dulci

s M

ill.+

++

++

++

++

++

+15

00-3

400

DAp

r-May

Jul-S

epW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Turk

ey

Prun

us a

rmen

iaca

L. =

Ar

men

iaca

vulg

aris

Lam

.+

++

++

++

++

+16

00-3

000

DAp

r-May

Jul-A

ugW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Pak

istan

Prun

us a

vium

(L.)

L.

= Ce

rasu

s av

ium

(L.)

Moe

nch

++

++

++

1500

-240

0D

Mar

-May

Jun-

Jul

Whi

teM

isc.

Indi

a, e

urop

e, Tu

rkey

Prun

us c

omm

unis

(L.)

Arca

ng. /

Prun

us

dom

estic

a L.

++

++

++

++

++

++

600-

3000

DAp

r-May

Jul-S

epW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Turk

ey

Prun

us p

ersic

a (L

.) Ba

tsch

= A

myg

dalu

s pe

rsica

L.

++

++

++

++

2400

-320

0D

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Sep

Pink

edib

leIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and,

Turk

ey

Pyru

s co

mm

unis

L. 90

++

++

++

2000

-250

0D

Apr-M

ayJu

l-Sep

Pink

edib

leIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

, In

doch

ina,

Thail

and,

Turk

ey

RuBI

AceA

e

Coffe

a ar

abica

L.

++

++

200-

700

eM

ay-J

unJu

n-Au

gW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

eth

iopia,

Ken

ya, S

udan

RutA

ceAe

Citru

s as

sam

ensis

R.M

. Du

tta &

Bha

ttach

arya

++

1000

-150

0e

May

-Sep

Sep-

Dec

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

Citru

s au

rant

ifolia

Swi

ngle

++

++

++

++

++

+10

00-2

000

eJa

n-Fe

bAp

r-Sep

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

N A

mer

ica

Citru

s gra

ndis

(L.)

osbe

ck

= Ci

trus

aura

ntiu

m va

r. gr

andi

s L.

+

++

++

++

1000

-200

0e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jan

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Pakis

tan

Citru

s in

dica

Yu. T

anak

a+

++

+15

00-2

500

eM

ar-A

proc

t-Nov

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

N A

mer

ica


Citru

s jam

bhiri

Lu

shin

gton

+

++

++

++

++

++

+50

0-12

00e

Mar

-Apr

May

-Jan

gree

nish

wh

iteM

edici

nal

Indi

a, C

hina

, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Citru

s lat

ipes

Hoo

k. f.

& Th

omso

n ex

Hoo

k. f.

++

++

++

++

++

+10

00-2

000

eM

ar-A

prM

ay-J

angr

eeni

sh

white

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al

Citru

s m

acro

pter

a va

r. an

nam

ensis

Yu. T

anak

a+

1500

-250

0e

Mar

-Apr

oct-N

ovW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar,

Thail

and

Citru

s m

edica

L.

++

++

++

++

++

+15

00-2

500

eM

ar-A

proc

t-Nov

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

N A

mer

ica

Citru

s re

ticul

ata

Blan

co+

++

++

++

++

+15

00-2

500

eJa

n-Fe

bAp

r-Sep

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

N A

mer

ica

Citru

s sin

ensis

(L.)

osbe

ck =

Aura

ntiu

m

max

imum

Bur

m.

++

++

++

++

++

+15

00-2

500

eM

ar-A

proc

t-Nov

Whi

teed

ible

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

N A

mer

ica

sAlI

cAce

Ae

Popu

lus

ciliat

a W

all. e

x Ro

yle 91

++

++

++

++

++

1500

-200

0D

Mar

-Apr

Jun-

Jul

gree

nTim

ber

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Popu

lus

gam

blei

Dode

++

++

++

+15

00-2

200

DFe

b-M

arAp

r-May

gree

nTim

ber

Indi

a, B

huta

n

Popu

lus

glau

ca H

aines

++

+25

00-3

300

DM

ar-A

prJu

n-Ju

lgr

een

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Chi

na

Salix

bab

yloni

ca L

. 92+

++

++

++

+18

00-3

200

DM

ar-A

prAp

r-May

gree

nTim

ber

Indi

a,Ch

ina,

eur

ope

Salix

long

iflora

Wall

. ex

Ande

rsso

n+

++

1800

-320

0D

Mar

-Apr

Apr-M

aygr

een

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Bhu

tan

Salix

tetra

sper

ma

Roxb

.+

++

++

+20

0-18

00D

Sep-

oct o

r Ja

n-Ap

rNo

v-De

cgr

een

Fodd

erIn

dia,

Indo

nesia

, Mala

ysia,

Mya

nmar

, Pa

kista

n, P

hilip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

sAnt

AlAc

eAe

Sant

alum

alb

um L

.+

++

++

++

++

++

900-

2500

eM

ar-J

unM

ay-J

ulRe

dSa

cred

Indi

a, B

huta

n, N

epal

sApI

nDAc

eAe

Litch

i chi

nens

is So

nn.

++

++

++

++

++

++

300-

1200

eAp

r-Jun

Jul-D

ecW

hite

edib

leIn

dia,

Am

erica

, Pak

istan

, Wes

tIndi

es


Anne

xure

- III

: W

ild g

ymno

sper

m tr

ees

of In

dian

Him

alay

an R

egio

n

Taxa

JKHP

UKSK

WB

ARNL

MN

MZ

TRM

LAS

Al

titud

inal

Rang

e (m

)Tr

ee

habi

tFl-

FrUs

esDi

strib

ution

cupR

essA

ceAe

Cupr

essu

s ca

shm

erian

a Ro

yle e

x Car

r.+

++

2000

-260

0e

Jun-

Nov

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n

Cupr

essu

s lu

sitan

ica M

ill.+

++

++

++

++

++

+90

0-29

00e

Jun-

Nov

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Mex

ico

Cupr

essu

s to

rulos

a D.

Don

ex L

amb.

93+

++

++

++

++

++

+90

0-30

00e

Jun-

Nov

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal

Juni

peru

s in

dica

Ber

tol.

++

++

++

++

2900

-330

0e

Sep-

Nov

Sacr

ed, F

uel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al, P

akist

an

Juni

peru

s ex

celsa

M. B

ieb.

++

++

++

+29

00-3

300

eSe

p-No

vM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al, P

akist

an

Juni

peru

s sq

uam

ata

Lam

b.+

++

++

++

2900

-330

0e

Sep-

Nov

Fuel

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an

Juni

peru

s se

mig

lobos

a Re

gel94

++

++

++

2900

-420

0e

Sep-

Nov

Fuel

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Chi

na, K

azak

istan

, Ky

rgys

tan,

Taza

kista

n, U

zbek

istan

pInA

ceAe

Abies

pin

drow

(Roy

le ex

D. D

on) R

oyle

=

Pinu

s pi

ndro

w Ro

yle e

x D. D

on+

++

++

++

2400

-300

0e

Mar

-Nov

Fuel

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal,

Pa

kista

n

Abies

den

sa g

riff.

++

2800

-370

0e

Mar

-Nov

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al

Abies

pec

tinat

a gi

lib.

+24

00-3

000

eM

ar-N

ovFu

elIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal

Abies

spe

ctab

ilis (D

. Don

) Spa

ch95

=

Pinu

s sp

ecta

bilis

D. D

on+

++

++

++

+24

00-3

000

eM

ar-N

ovFu

elIn

dia,

Afg

anist

an, C

hina

, Nep

al, P

akist

an

Cedr

us d

eoda

ra (R

oxb.

ex D

. Don

) g.

Don

96=

Pinu

s de

odar

a Ro

xb. e

x D.

Don

++

++

++

++

++

+15

00-3

000

eSe

p-De

cM

isc.

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Chi

na, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Pice

a sm

ithian

a (W

all.)

Boiss

.97 =

Pi

nus

smith

iana

Wall

.+

++

++

++

+21

00-3

200

eM

ar-J

unFu

elIn

dia,

Afg

anist

an, C

hina

, Nep

al

Pice

a sp

inul

osa

(grif

f.) A

. Hen

ry =

Ab

ies s

pinu

losa

griff

.+

+24

00-3

200

eAp

r-May

Misc

.In

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Mya

nmar

Pinu

s ge

rard

iana

Wall

. ex D

. Don

++

++

++

++

2600

-320

0e

Mar

-Jun

edib

leIn

dia,

Afg

anist

an, C

hina

, Pak

istan

Pinu

s ro

xbur

ghii S

arg.

98+

++

++

++

++

++

+90

0-25

00e

Mar

-Jun

Timbe

r, M

isc.

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an

Pinu

s wa

llichi

ana

A.B.

Jac

ks. 99

++

++

++

++

2000

-320

0e

Mar

-Jun

Timbe

r, M

isc.

Indi

a, A

fgan

istan

, Bhu

tan,

Chi

na,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al, P

akist

an

Pinu

s wa

llichi

ana

A.B.

Jac

ks. v

ar.

parv

a Sa

hni

+20

00-3

200

eAp

r-Jun

Timbe

rIn

dia,

Chi

na

Tsug

a du

mos

a (D

. Don

) eich

ler =

Pi

nus

dum

osa

D. D

on+

++

++

++

+22

00-2

800

eAp

r-Nov

Fuel

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, Mya

nmar

, Ne

pal, P

akist

an, P

hilip

pine

s, Vi

etna

m


tAxA

ceAe

Amen

tota

xus

assa

mica

D.K

. Fer

guso

n +

2400

-300

0e

Mar

-oct

Misc

.In

dia

Taxu

s wa

llichi

ana

Zucc

. 100

++

++

++

++

2400

-300

0e

Apr-N

ovM

edici

nal

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Indo

nesia

, M

yanm

ar,N

epal,

Pak

istan

, Phi

lippi

nes,

Viet

nam


Anne

xure

- Iv

: cu

ltiva

ted

gym

nosp

erm

tree

s of

Indi

an H

imal

ayan

Reg

ion

Taxa

JKHP

UKSK

WB

ARNL

MN

MZ

TRM

LAS

Al

titud

inal

Rang

e (m

)Tr

ee

habi

tFl-

FrUs

esDi

strib

ution

ARAu

cARI

AceA

e

Agat

his

robu

sta

(C.M

oore

) F.B

ailey

=

Dam

mar

a ro

bust

a C.

Moo

re e

x F.

Mue

ll+

++

++

2500

-300

0e

Mar

-Apr

Misc

.In

dia,

Aus

tralia

, New

gui

nea,

Pap

ua

Arau

caria

ara

ucan

a (M

olina

) K.K

och

= Pi

nus

arau

cana

Moli

na+

++

++

+16

00-2

500

eM

ar-A

prAv

enue

Indi

a, Ta

iwan

Arau

caria

bid

willii

Hoo

k.+

++

++

++

+24

00-2

800

eFe

b-M

ayAv

enue

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia

Arau

caria

colu

mna

ris (F

orst

.) Ho

ok. =

Cu

pres

sus

colu

mna

ris J

.R. F

orst

.+

++

++

2400

-280

0e

Feb-

May

Aven

ueIn

dia,

New

cale

doni

a

Arau

caria

cun

ning

ham

ii Swe

et+

++

+24

00-3

000

eJa

n-M

arAv

enue

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia, N

ew g

uine

a, P

apua

cepH

Alot

AxAc

eAe

Ceph

alota

xus

fortu

nei H

ook.

f.+

200-

3700

eAp

r-oct

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

yanm

ar

Ceph

alota

xus

harri

ngto

nia

(Kni

ght

ex J

. For

bes)

K. K

och

=Tax

us

harri

ngto

nia

Knig

ht e

x J. F

orbe

s+

++

+25

00-3

000

eSe

p-No

vM

isc.

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mala

ysia,

Phi

lippi

nes

Ceph

alota

xus

man

nii H

ook.

f.+

++

++

++

++

700-

1100

eM

ar-o

ctM

isc.

Indi

a,Ch

ina,

Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Philip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

cupR

essA

ceAe

Callit

ris c

olum

ellar

is F.

Mue

ll.+

++

++

++

+22

00-2

600

eSe

p-No

vM

isc.

Indi

a, A

ustra

lia

Callit

ris c

upre

ssifo

rmis

Vent

.+

+20

00-2

800

eSe

p-No

vM

isc.

Indi

a,Ch

ina,

Lao

s, M

alays

ia, M

yanm

ar,

Philip

pine

s, Th

ailan

d, V

ietna

m

Callit

rops

is fu

nebr

is (e

ndl.)

de

Laub

. &

Husb

y, Ch

ad e

. = C

upre

ssus

fune

bris

endl

.+

++

++

+20

00-2

600

eJu

n-No

vFu

elIn

dia,

Chi

na

Cupr

essu

s se

mpe

rvire

ns L

++

++

++

2000

-280

0e

Jun-

Nov

Misc

.In

dia,

gre

ece,

Isra

el, J

orda

n, L

eban

on,

Libiya

, Tur

key

Hesp

eroc

ypar

is ar

izoni

ca (g

reen

e)

Barte

l = C

upre

ssus

ariz

onica

gre

ene

++

++

++

++

+18

00-2

200

eJu

n-No

vFu

elIn

dia,

N A

mer

ica, M

exico

Hesp

eroc

ypar

is go

veni

ana

(gor

don)

Ba

rtel =

Cup

ress

us g

oven

iana

gord

on+

++

++

++

+25

00-3

200

eJu

n-No

vFu

elIn

dia,

Cali

forn

ia

Juni

peru

s be

rmud

iana

L.+

++

++

++

+25

00-3

200

eSe

p-No

vM

isc.

Indi

a, B

erm

uda

Juni

peru

s ch

inen

sis L

.+

++

++

++

2300

-300

0e

Sep-

Nov

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

, Mya

nmar

, Taiw

an

Juni

peru

s de

ppea

na S

teud

.+

++

+23

00-3

000

eSe

p-No

vM

isc.

Indi

a, M

exico

, N. A

mer

ica


Juni

peru

s ox

yced

rus

L.+

++

++

++

2900

-330

0e

Sep-

Nov

Misc

.

Indi

a, A

lban

ia, A

lger

ia, A

ndor

ra, C

ypru

s, eg

ypt,

Fran

ce, g

ibra

lter,

gree

ce, It

ley,

Leba

non,

Lib

ya, M

onac

o, P

ortu

gal, S

audi

Ar

abia,

Spa

in,Tu

nisia

, Tur

key

Juni

peru

s ph

oeni

cea

L.+

++

++

+30

00-3

400

eSe

p-No

vM

isc.

Indi

a, A

lban

ia, A

lger

ia, A

ndor

ra, C

ypru

s, eg

ypt,

Fran

ce, g

ibra

lter,

gree

ce, It

ley,

Leba

non,

Lib

ya, M

onac

o, P

ortu

gal, S

audi

Ar

abia,

Spa

in,Tu

nisia

, Tur

key

Juni

peru

s pr

ocer

a Ho

chst

.+

++

++

+30

00- 3

800

eSe

p-No

vFu

elIn

dia,

Con

go, e

ritre

a, e

thiop

ia, K

enya

, M

alawi

, Sau

di A

rabi

a, S

omali

a, S

udan

, Ta

nzan

ia, U

gand

a, Ye

men

, Zim

babw

e

Juni

peru

s sc

opul

orum

Sar

g.+

++

++

+29

00-3

300

eSe

p-No

vFu

elIn

dia,

Can

ada,

S. A

mer

ica, M

exico

Thuj

a oc

ciden

talis

L.

++

++

++

++

++

++

2200

-280

0e

Sep-

Nov

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal,

Pak

istan

, Ta

iwan

Thuj

a or

ienta

lis L

.+

++

++

++

++

++

+22

00-2

800

eSe

p-No

vAv

enue

Indi

a, B

huta

n, C

hina

, Nep

al, P

akist

an,

Taiw

an

cycA

DAce

Ae

Cyca

s pe

ctin

ata

griff

.+

++

++

++

+80

0-18

00e

Jun-

Mar

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Ban

glad

esh,

Mya

nmar

, Nep

al,

Tenn

asse

rim, T

haila

nd, V

ietna

m

Cyca

s re

volu

ta T

hunb

.+

++

++

++

++

2500

-300

0e

Mar

-Apr

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Sou

th J

apan

,Chi

na, T

aiwan

Cyca

s ru

mph

ii Miq

.+

++

++

++

1000

- 170

0e

Mar

-May

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Sri

Lank

a, M

alays

ia, N

ew g

uine

a,

N.Au

stra

la, M

olucc

a, S

Tenn

asse

rim,

Pakis

tan

Cyca

s sia

men

sis M

iq.

++

++

++

+90

0-20

00e

Mar

-Apr

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Mya

nmar

, Tha

iland

, Yun

nan

gInk

goAc

eAe

Gink

go b

iloba

L.

++

++

++

++

+22

00-2

800

DAp

r-Nov

Aven

ue,

Med

icina

lIn

dia,

Chi

na

pInA

ceAe

Larix

grif

fithi

i Hoo

k. F.

& T

hom

s.+

++

++

+22

00-2

500

eFe

b-M

ayFu

elIn

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

,Taiw

an

Pinu

s ar

man

dii F

ranc

het

++

++

++

++

+80

0-33

00e

Apr-o

ctTim

ber

Indi

a, C

hina

, Mya

nmar

Pinu

s bh

utan

ica g

riers

on+

1200

- 230

0e

Apr-o

ctFu

elIn

dia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na

Pice

a br

achy

tyla

(Fra

nche

t) Pr

itzel

= Ab

ies b

rach

ytyla

Fran

ch.

++

++

++

++

1200

- 230

0e

Apr-o

ctFu

elIn

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

,Taiw

an

Pinu

s ca

narie

nsis

Sm.

++

++

1200

-250

0e

Mar

-Jun

Fuel

Indi

a, S

pain

Pinu

s ca

ribae

a M

orele

t+

++

++

1200

-250

0e

Mar

-Jun

Fuel

Indi

a, C

arab

ia

Pinu

s de

nsiflo

ra S

ieb. &

Zuc

c.+

++

++

1200

-250

0e

Mar

-Jun

Fuel

Indi

a, C

hina

, Jap

an, K

orea


Pinu

s ec

hina

ta M

ill.+

++

++

++

++

2000

-260

0e

Mar

-Jun

Fuel

Indi

a, N

Am

erica

, S A

mer

ica

Pinu

s ha

lepen

sis M

ill.+

++

++

+21

00-2

700

eM

ar-J

unFu

elIn

dia,

Alb

ania,

Alg

eria,

Fra

nce,

gre

ece,

Itle

y, Le

bano

n, L

ibya

, Malt

a, M

onte

negr

a,

Mor

occo

, Spa

in, S

yria,

Tuni

sia

Pinu

s ha

rtweg

ii Lin

dl.

++

++

+21

00-2

700

eM

ar-J

unFu

elIn

dia,

Mex

ico

Pinu

s in

sular

is en

dl.

++

++

++

++

+16

00-2

500

eFe

b-Ap

rFu

elIn

dia,

Mya

nmar

, Phi

lippi

nes

Pinu

s ke

siya

Royle

++

++

++

+20

00-2

700

eM

ar-J

unFu

elIn

dia,

Chi

na, M

alays

ia, P

hilip

pine

s

Pinu

s m

erku

sii J

ungh

ex D

evrie

s+

++

++

++

+20

00-2

600

eFe

b-M

arFu

elIn

dia,

Bor

neo,

Chin

a, J

ava,

Mya

nmar

, Ph

ilippi

nes,

Sum

atra

, Tha

iland

Pinu

s oo

carp

a Sc

hied

e+

++

++

2100

-270

0e

Mar

-Jun

Fuel

Indi

a, M

exico

, Nica

ragu

a

Pinu

s pa

lust

ris M

ill.+

1200

-250

0e

Mar

-Jun

Fuel

Indi

a, M

exico

, N A

mer

ica

Pinu

s pa

tula

(Shi

de) D

eppe

++

++

+21

00-2

700

eM

ar-J

unFu

elIn

dia,

Mex

ico

Pinu

s pi

nea

Roxb

.+

++

++

2000

-260

0e

Mar

-Jun

Fuel

Indi

a, M

exico

, N A

mer

ica

Pinu

s ra

diat

a D.

Don

++

+21

00-2

700

eM

ar-J

unFu

elIn

dia,

Mex

ico, N

Am

erica

Pinu

s rig

ida

Mill.

++

++

+20

00-2

800

eM

ar-J

unFu

elIn

dia,

Bor

neo,

Chin

a, J

ava,

Mya

nmar

, Ph

ilippi

nes,

Sum

atra

, Tha

iland

poDo

cARp

AceA

e

Afro

carp

us g

racil

ior (P

ilg.)

C.N.

Pag

e =

Podo

carp

us g

racil

ior P

ilger

++

++

++

2500

-300

0e

Sep-

Nov

Misc

.In

dia,

Bur

undi

a, K

enya

, Rwa

nda,

Sud

an,

Tanz

ania,

Uga

nda

Dacr

ydiu

m e

latum

Wall

. = J

unip

erus

ela

tus

Roxb

.+

++

++

+60

0-12

00e

Mar

-Nov

Misc

.In

dia,

Bor

neo,

Chi

na, P

hilip

pine

s

Nage

ia wa

llichi

ana

(C. P

resl)

Kun

tze =

Po

doca

rpus

wall

ichian

us C

. Pre

sl+

2000

-260

0e

Mar

-Nov

Misc

.In

dia,

Bor

neo,

Chi

na, P

hilip

pine

s

Podo

carp

us c

upre

ssin

a Ro

xb.

++

++

+20

00-2

600

eJu

n-Se

pM

isc.

Indi

a, B

orne

o, C

hina

, Jav

a, M

yanm

ar, N

ew

guien

a, P

hilip

pine

s

Podo

carp

us la

tifoli

us (T

hunb

.) R.

Br. e

x M

irb. =

Taxu

s lat

ifoliu

s Thu

nb.

++

++

++

++

2500

-300

0e

Sep-

Nov

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

arta

ban

Podo

carp

us m

acro

phyll

us (T

hunb

.) Sw

eet =

Taxu

s m

acro

phyll

a Th

unb.

++

++

++

2200

-300

0e

Sep-

Nov

Misc

.In

sdia,

Bhu

tan,

Chi

na, N

epal,

Pak

istan

Podo

carp

us n

eriifo

lius

D.Do

n+

++

++

++

+28

00-3

000

eSe

p-No

vM

isc.

Indi

a, B

huta

n, M

yanm

ar, M

alaya

Pe

nins

ula,

Taiw

an

tAxo

DIAc

eAe

Cryp

tom

eria

japon

ica D

.Don

=

Cupr

essu

s jap

onica

Thu

nb. e

x L. f

.+

++

++

++

+11

00-2

500

eFe

b-Ap

rAv

enue

, Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, J

apan

Cunn

ingh

amia

lance

olata

(Lam

bert)

ho

ok.f.

= P

inus

lanc

eolat

a La

mb.

++

++

++

+20

0-28

00e

Jul-o

ctM

isc.

Indi

a, C

ambo

dia,

Chi

na, L

aos,

Viet

nam


Met

aseq

uoia

glyp

tost

robo

ides

Hu

& Ch

ang

++

++

1800

- 230

0D

Feb-

Nov

Aven

ueIn

dia,

Chi

na

Sequ

oia s

empe

rvire

ns (D

.Don

) end

l. =

Taxo

dium

sem

perv

irens

D. D

on+

++

++

+25

00-2

800

eJu

l-Sep

Misc

.In

dia,

Mex

ico, N

Am

erica

Taxo

dium

muc

rona

tum

Teno

re+

++

++

+23

00-2

600

DJu

l-Sep

Misc

.In

dia,

Chi

na, M

exico

, N A

mer

ica

Abbr

evia

tions

: IHR

– In

dian

Him

alay

an R

egio

n, JK

-Jam

mu

and

Kash

mir,

HP-

Him

acha

l Pra

desh

, UK

–Utta

rakh

and,

WB-

Wes

t Ben

gal h

ills,

AR-

Aru

nach

al P

rade

sh, N

L- N

agal

and,

MN

- Man

ipur

, MZ-

M

izora

m, T

R –

Trip

ura,

ML

–Meg

hala

ya, A

S –

Assa

m h

ills,

D- D

ecid

uous

, E- E

verg

reen

, Jan

- Jan

uary

, Feb

- Feb

ruar

y, M

ar- M

arch

, Apr

- Apr

il, Ju

n- Ju

ne, J

ul- J

uly,

Aug

- Aug

ust,

Sep-

Sep

tem

ber,

Oct

- Oc-

tobe

r, N

ov- N

ovem

ber,

Dec-

Dec

embe

r, M

isc- M

iscel

lane

ous


A

B

C D

1. Lannea coromandelica: A. Tree, B. Flowering twig with leaves, C. Bark, D. Flowers

A

B

C

D E

2. Holarrhena pubescens: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Flowering twig, E. Flowers

Pictorial: Prominent Trees of IHR


A

B C

D3. Leucomeris spectabilis: A. Bark, B & D. Twig, C. Flowers

4. Alnus nepalensis: A. Bark, B. Leaves, C. Leaves with female cones

A

B

C


A

B

C D5. Betula utilis: A. Tree, B. Leaves with catkin, C. Bark, D. Catkin

6. Corylus colurna: A. Leaves, B. Bark, C. Leaves with male flowers, D. Leaf twig with fruits, E&F. Fruit

A

B

C

EF

D


A

B

C 7. Celtis caucasica: A. Leaf twig, B. Bark, C. Leaf twig with fruits

8. Terminalia bellirica: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Flower, E. Flowers closer view

A

B C

D E


9. Cornus capitata: A. Bark, B. Leaves, C. Flowers

10. Cornus macrophylla: A. Bark, B. Leaves, C. Flowering twig, D. Flowers

A

A B

C D

B

C


11. Shorea robusta: A. Tree, B. Leaves, C. Bark, D. Flowers

12. Diospyros kaki: A. Bark, B. Leaves, C. Fruit

A

B

C

D

A

B

C


13. Diospyros malabarica: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Fruit

A

B C

D

14. Lyonia ovalifolia: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaf, D. Flowers

A

BC

D


15. Rhododendron arboreum: A. Tree, B. Leaves with flowers, C. Flowers

16. Mallotus philippensis: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves with fruits, D. Fruits

A

B

C

A

B C

D


17. Triadica sebifera: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves with inflorescence , D. Fruits

18. Acacia dealbata: A. Tree, B. Leaves with flowers, C. Bark, D. Flowers, E. Leaves with pods

A

B C

D

A

B

C D

D


20. Albizia chinensis: A. Tree, B. Flower, C. Bark, D. Leaf

19. Acacia polyacantha: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Flowers

A

B

C D

A

B C

D


21. Albizia julibrissin: A. Tree, B. Flowers and buds, C. Leaf, D. Bark, E. Flower

22. Bauhinia purpurea: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Flowers

A

B

C

D E

A

B C

D


A

BC D

23. Bauhinia retusa: A. Twig, B. Bark, C. Flower, D. Fruits

24. Bauhinia variegata: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaf, D. FlowerA

B

C

D


25. Butea monosperma: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Flowers

A

B C

D

26. Cassia fistula: A. Tree, B. Flowering twig, C. Leaves,

D. BarkA

B

C

D


27. Dalbergia sissoo: A. Tree, B. Leaf twig, C. Flowers, D. Bark

A

B

C D

28. Erythrina cristae-galli: A. flower, B. Bark, C. LeavesAB C


29. Erythrina suberosa: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Flowering twig, D. Flowers

30. Ougeinia oojeinensis: A. Bark, B. Leaves, C. Flowers

A B

C

D

A B C


31. Castanea sativa: A. Bark, B. Leaves with fruits, C. Fruit

32. Castanopsis indica: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves with inflorescence, D. Leaves

A

B

C

A

B C

D


33. Quercus glauca: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Acorns, D. Leaves

34. Quercus lanata: A. Tree, B. Leaves, C. Bark, D. Acorns

A

B C

D

A B

C D


35. Quercus leucotrichophora: A. Tree, B. Leaves, C. Bark, D. catkins, E. Leaves with Catkins

36. Quercus semecarpifolia: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Flowering twig

A B

C D

E

A

BC D


37. Engelhardia spicata: A. Tree, B. Inflorescence, C. Bark, D. Leaves

A

B C

D

38. Juglans regia: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Flowers, D. Leaves, E. FruitsA

B C

DE


39. Callicarpa arborea: A. Bark, B. Flowering twig, C. Leaf, D. Flowers

A

C D

B

40. Tectona grandis: A. Tree, B. Leaves with flowers, C. Fruits, D. Bark

A

B

C D


41. Lagerstroemia speciosa: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Fruits, D. Flower

42. Bombax ceiba:

A. Tree, B. Flower

A B

C D

A B


43. Grewia asiatica: A. Bark, B. Leaves, C. FlowerA B

C

44. Melia azedarach: A. Tree, B. Leaf, C. Bark, D. Flowers A

B C

D


45. Toona ciliata: A. Tree,

B. Dorsal Leaves, C. Ventral Leaves,

D. Flowers, E. Bark

46. Toona sinensis: A. Tree, B. Bark, C & D. Flowering Twig

A B C

D E

A

B C

D


47. Trichilia connaroides: A. Tree, B. Leaves, C. Fruits, D. Bark

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D48. Broussonetia papyrifera: A. Tree, B. Leaves, C. Bark, D. Fruits


49. Ficus auriculata: A. Bark, B. Fruit, C. Leaves

A

B C

D50. Ficus benghalensis: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Fruits, D. Leaves

A

B

C


51. Ficus benjamina: A. Tree, B. Leaves with fruits, C. Bark, D. Fruits

52. Ficus palmata: A. Tree, B. Leaves, C. Fruits, D. Bark

A

B

C D

A

B

CD


53. Morus australis: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Fruits

A C

DB

A

B C

D54. Myrica esculenta: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves with Fruits, D. Fruits


A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

55. Syzygium cumini: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Flowers

56. Ligustrum nepalense: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves with Flowers, D. Flowers


A

B C

D58. Antidesma acuminatum: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Inflorescence

57. Pittosporum eriocarpum: A. Tree, B. Flower, C. Seeds, D. Bark

A

B

C D


60. Phyllanthus emblica: A. Bark, B. Leaves, C. Flowers, D. Fruits

59. Bischofia javanica: A. Tree, B. Inflorescence, C. Bark

A B

D

C

A

B

C


AB

C

D61. Grevillea robusta: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaf, D. Flower

A

B C

D62. Cerasus cerasoides: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves with seeds, D. Flowers


A

B C

D63. Padus avium: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves with flowers, D. Flowers

A

B

C D64. Padus cornuta: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D Inflorescence


A

B C

D65. Photinia glabra: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Flowers

66. Pyrus pashia: A. Leaves, B. Inflorescence with flowers and fruits, C. Flowers

A

B

C


A

B

C 67. Sorbus cuspidata: A. Leaves, B. Bark, C. Fruits

A

B C

D68. Sorbus lanata: A. Tree, B. Leaves with fruits, C. Bark, D. Leaves


A

B C

D69. Wendlandia exserta: A. Tree, B. Leaves, C. Bark, D. Flowers

A

B

C 70. Xylosma longifolia: A. Twig with Leaves and flowers, B. Bark, C. Flowers


A

B

C71. Acer acuminatum: A. Tree, B. Leaves, C. Samara

72. Acer caesium: A. Tree, B. Leaves with samara, C. Samara, D. Bark

A

B

C D


74. Aesculus indica: A. Tree, B. Leaves, C. Bark, D. Flowers

A

B

C D

A

B C

D73. Acer oblongum: A. Tree, B. Samara, C. Bark, D. Leaves with samara


A

B C

D

E75. Sapindus saponaria: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Flowers, E. Fruits

A

B C

D76. Picrasma quassioides: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Fruits


A

B C

D77. Symplocos paniculata: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Flowers

78. Symplocos racemosa: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Flowering twig with leavesA B

C


A

B C

D79. Boehmeria rugulosa: A. Tree, B. Bark, C & D. Leaves with flowers

A

B

ED F

C

80. Jacaranda mimosifolia: A. Tree, B. Leaf, C. Bark, D. Flowering twig, E. Flower, F. Fruit


81. Delonix regia: A. Tree, B. Leaves with flowers, C. Flowers

A

B

C

82. Leucaena leucocephala: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Flowers, E. Fruits

A

B C

D E


A

A

BC

B C

D83. Robinia pseudoacacia: A, Tree, B. Bark, C. Flowers, D. Leaves

84. Saraca asoca: A. Twig, B. Flowers, C. Bark


A

B C

D85. Punica granatum: A. Tree, B. Leaves, C. Bark, D. Flower, E. Fruit

E

A B

C

86. Hibiscus mutabilis: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves with Flowers


87. Callistemon citrinus: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Flower, D. Twig with flowers

88. Eucalyptus globulus: A. Tree, B. Leaves with flower, C. Bark

A

B

C D

A

B

C


89. Platanus orientalis: A. Tree, B. Leaves, C. Fruits, D. Twig with fruits

A

B

C

D

90. Pyrus communis: A. Tree, B. Leaf, C. Twig with fruits, D. Bark

A

B

C C


A

B C

D91. Populus ciliata: A. Tree, B. Leaf, C. Bark, D. Twig with fruits, E. Fruits

E

A

B C

D92. Salix babylonica: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Leaves with catkins


A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

93. Cupressus torulosa: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Fruiting twig

94. Juniperus semiglobosa: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves, D. Female cones


A

B C

D95. Abies spectabilis: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Leaves with male cones, D. Female cones

96. Cedrus deodara: A. Tree, B. Leaves with male cone, C. Bark, D. Female cone

A

B

C

D


97. Picea smithiana: A. Tree, B. Leaves, C. Bark, D. Female cone

A

B

C D

A

B C

D

98. Pinus roxburghii: A. Tree, B. Bark, C. Male cone, D. Female cone


99. Pinus wallichiana: A. Tree, B. Cones, C. Bark, D. Female Cones closer view

A

B

C D

A

B

C

100. Taxus wallichiana: A. Tree, B & C. Leaves with Cone


About the Institute

G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (formerly known as G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development) was established in 1988-89, during the birth centenary year of Bharat Ratna Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, as an autonomous Institute of the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India, which has been identified as a focal agency to advance scientific knowledge, to evolve integrated management strategies, demon-strate their efficacy for conservation of natural resources, and to ensure environmentally sound development in the entire Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). The Institute attempts to maintain a balance of intricate linkages between socio-cultural, ecological, economic and physical systems that could lead to sustainability in the IHR. To achieve this, the Institute follows a multidisciplinary and holistic approach in all its Research and Development programmes with emphasis on interlinking natural and social sciences. In this effort, particular attention is given to the preservation of fragile mountain ecosystems, indigenous knowledge systems and sustainable use of natural resources. A conscious effort is made to ensure participa-tion of local inhabitants for long-term acceptance and success of various programmes. Training, environmental education and awareness to different stakeholders are essential components of all the R&D programmes of the Institute.

G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (An autonomous Institute of Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, GoI)Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, IndiaTel: 05962 - 241015, Fax: 05962 - 241014 E-mail:[email protected]

TREE DIVERSITY OF

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