Transshipment: a closer look - FAO
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Transshipment: a closer look
Transcript of Transshipment: a closer look - FAO
Transshipment:a closer look
“Transshipment” – meaning the transfer of catch (i.e. fish and fish products) from one fishing vessel to another fishing vessel or other vessel either directly or indirectly through other vessels, vehicles, points, containers, installations, facilities or premises used for the carriage, storage or facilitating the transfer or transit of such catch prior to the landing – is a widely practised fishing-related activity in all regions of the world and in various fisheries.
The term “landing” in this context means a process through which a shipment or cargo of catch is documented or declared to have been subjected to the prescribed process of entry into a country or to have been cleared as an import by customs or the competent authority of the port state.
Background
Transshipment activities (particularly at-sea) have become intensely debated as being associated with higher risks of fish originating from illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing entering the seafood supply chain and the facilitation of criminal activities in the fisheries sector.
Concerns
The study identified several types of transshipment operations, involving small-scale and large-scale fishing and transport vessels. Five main types of activity1 were identified as well as some possibly linked categories in the context of mother vessel operations and wild-caught farming or ‘ranching’.
Types ofTransshipment
Transshipment events need to be sufficiently regulated, monitored and controlled to mitigate the risks of facilitating IUU fishing operations which undermine sustainable fisheries, threaten the health of the marine ecosystems and have negative socio-economic effects, especially for legitimate fishers and coastal communities. Where the capacity for effective monitoring and control is weak, a precautionary management approach should be taken.
Conclusion
Using a risk-based approach, the study formulates key elements which could be considered in the development of guidelines on regulating, monitoring and controlling transshipment, including a globally consistent approach on definitions, authorizations, notification and reporting requirements, follow-up actions on infractions, monitoring of fishing and fishing-related activities as well as the procedures of data and information sharing.
Recommendationsfor risk mitigation
Thestudy
The In-depth Study on Transshipment had as its prime objective the shedding of more light on global transshipment activity in terms of the type and magnitude of activity, its importance to industry, challenges to management, monitoring and control and identifying elements of risk.
Objective ofthe study
1 Catching vessel to reefer, catching vessel to containers, catching vessel to small transport vessel, catching vessel to other fishing vessel, catching vessel to floating storage vessel.
The In-depth Study on Transshipment was built on five core elements:
field visits aiming for a broad geographical perspective;
a global survey on transshipment involving FAO member countries, regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and industry stakeholders;
specific case studies examining the role of transshipment in global tuna and squid fisheries;
expert interviews, particularly with RFMO compliance officers as well as international MCS and compliance experts; and
a broad literature review.
Five core elements of the study
1 Reefer (refrigerated cargo vessel)
2 Catching vessel
3 Open fish hold
Species transshipped:
Key plan:
1
2
3
4
5
Catching vessel to reefer (refrigerated cargo vessel)
4 Yokohama fender
5 Crane transshipping the catch from the catching vessel to the reefer
Adverse fisheries impacts
IUU fishing risks**
Importance to Industry
Social importance
MCS implementation
Degree of management
Volumes transshipped
Global occurrence
Catching vesselReefer
*caught with bottom otter trawl **including activities in support of such fishing
Activity takes place:Ports, anchorages, EEZ, high seas
KrillTuna Small pelagics Squid0 1 2 3 4 5
Multi-species*
12
35
4
Species transshipped:
Key plan:
Catching vessel to container
Adverse fisheries impacts
IUU fishing risks**
Importance to Industry
Social importance
MCS implementation
Degree of management
Volumes transshipped
Global occurrence
Catching vesselContainer
*caught with bottom otter trawl **including activities in support of such fishing
Activity takes place:Ports
1 Catching vessel
2 Open fish hold
3 Cargo handling crane
4 Pallet of cartons of frozen catches being craned ashore
5 Container
0 1 2 3 4 5Tuna Squid Multi-species*
1
32
4
Species transshipped:
Key plan:
Catching vessel to floating storage vessel
Catching vesselFloating storage vessel
*caught with bottom otter trawl **including activities in support of such fishing
Activity takes place:Anchorages
1 Catching vessel
2 Cartons of frozen catches stacked on the deck ready for transshipping to the floating storage vessel
3 Floating storage vessel
4 Cargo handling crane for transshipping catch to the floating storage vessel
Adverse fisheries impacts
IUU fishing risks**
Importance to Industry
Social importance
MCS implementation
Degree of management
Volumes transshipped
Global occurrence
0 1 2 3 4 5Tuna Multi-species*
Catching vessel to small transport vessel
Catching vessel to catching vessel
1 Catching vessel
2 Small transport vessel
3 Storage of cargo aboard the transport vessel
4 Preparation of catches for transshipping
Adverse fisheries impacts
IUU fishing risks**
Importance to Industry
Social importance
MCS implementation
Degree of management
Volumes transshipped
Global occurrence
*caught with bottom otter trawl **including activities in support of such fishing
1
2
4
3
Activity takes place:EEZ, coastal waters
1 Catching vessel 2 Crew members preparing catches for transshipping to the other fishing vessel
1
1 2
Activity takes place:EEZ, coastal waters, high seas
Key plan:
0 1 2 3 4 5
Adverse fisheries impacts
IUU fishing risks**
Importance to Industry
Social importance
MCS implementation
Degree of management
Volumes transshipped
Global occurrence
0 1 2 3 4 5
Key plan:
Small transport vessel
Speciestransshipped:
Speciestransshipped:
Catching vessel Catching vessel
Catching vessel
Tuna
Conch
Small pelagics
Multi-species*
Crab
Conch
Small pelagics
Multi-species*
Fisheries - Natural Resources and Sustainable Production
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)Viale delle Terme di Caracalla
00153 Rome, Italy
Some rights reserved. This work is available under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence ©
FAO
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0C
B09
87E
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This project is co-funded bythe European Union
The In-depth Study on Transshipment has been carried out with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this study are the sole responsibility of
FAO and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.The Pew Charitable Trusts and the International Monitoring, Control and
Surveillance (IMCS) network provided valuable in-kind contributions.
