Transporting Molecules. CELL MEMBRANE (also called plasma membrane) Cell membranes are made of...
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Transcript of Transporting Molecules. CELL MEMBRANE (also called plasma membrane) Cell membranes are made of...
Transporting Molecules
CELL MEMBRANE(also called plasma membrane)
Cell membranes are made of ________________ & __________________ PHOSPHOLIPIDS PROTEINS
CELL MEMBRANE
Proteins that stick on the surface = PERIPHERAL(either inside or outside of cell)
Proteins that stick INTO membrane = INTEGRAL(can go part way in or all the way through)
Recognize “self”
GLYCOPROTEINS
GLYCOPROTEINS are INTEGRAL PROTEINS
SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE(semi-permeable)
Diffusion
http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png
Molecules move
from “where there’s A LOT”
to “where there’s NOT”
Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif
DIFFUSION across a space
• Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another
(________________________)
DIFFERENCE
= Concentration gradient
DIFFUSION across a space
• Molecules move automatically from an area of _______ concentration to an area of ________ concentration
• EX: _____________________ _____________________
HigherLower
Perfume, Koolaid, popcorn,BBQ, Bad smell in room
http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Farts.htmhttp://leighhouse.typepad.com/blog/images/kool_aid.jpg
Molecules need to
move across membranes
in cells
Image modiified from: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/importProt.html
Diffusion can happen across a membrane in a cell
…as long as membrane will let molecule through
SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
happens by DIFFUSION from HIGHER concentration to LOWER concentration
Image modified from: http://www.medaille.edu/vmacer/120_graphic_05oxygen.gif
Gas exchange between lungs and blood
What if cell needs to move large or polar molecules?
EX:
GlucoseAmino acids
What if cell needs to move a molecule AGAINST the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT?
Example :
Glucose into mitochondria
(LOW HIGH)
Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg
What if cell needs to move molecules really FAST? (can’t wait for it to diffuse)
Example in cells:
Movement of ______________ions sends nerve signals
http://www.steve.gb.com/images/science/neuron.png
Na + & K+
2 KINDS of TRANSPORTacross cell membranes
• ____________TRANSPORT Does NOT require energy
•___________TRANSPORTRequires energy
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
Kidspiration by: Riedell
Kinds of Passive Transport
• Diffusion
•Osmosis•Facilitated Diffusion•Ion Channels
__________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
DIFFUSION across a membrane• Happens anytime there is a __________
in concentration on one side of the membrane compared to the other
DIFFERENCE
Molecules that move by diffusion across membranes in cells:____________________________
OXYGEN
CARBON DIOXIDEhttp://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm
OSMOSIS
• MOVES WATER MOLECULES
• Across a MEMBRANE
• From HIGHER LOWER
= SPECIAL KIND OF DIFFUSION
http://www.Isbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.html
DIFFUSION or OSMOSISHIGHER LOWER
DIFFUSIONCan happen with or without
a membrane
Molecules that do it: All molecules EXCEPT
water
Goes until equilibrium
Example in cells:Oxygen & Carbon dioxide
OSMOSISHappens across a
membrane
Molecules that do it:Water
Goes until equilibrium
Example in cells:Water
What if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules
can’t move across a membrane?
WATER will move until concentrationreaches equilibrium
http://www.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb6/labs/a_osmosis.gif
Osmosis1
Kinds of Passive Transport
• Diffusion
•Osmosis•Facilitated Diffusion•Ion Channels
__________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Facilitated DiffusionCarrier proteins help diffusion go faster
FACILITATED DIFFUSION• Passive = ____________________
• Moves from ________________________
• _____________________ bind molecule, change shape, and release it on other side of membrane
(Carrier proteins are _______________ proteins)
• Molecules that move this way in cells:_______________________
NO energy required
Carrier Proteins
Integral
GLUCOSE
HIGH LOW
Facilitated Diffusion
Animation from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif
Kinds of Passive Transport
• Diffusion
•Osmosis•Facilitated Diffusion•Ion Channels
__________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
ION CHANNEL
ION CHANNELS• _____________transport (no energy required)
• Molecules move from ___________________
• Small passageways for _______ to get through membrane
• Each ion has own kind of passageway
• Examples in cells: Na+ , Cl- , Ca + + , K +
PASSIVE
HIGH LOW
IONS
ION CHANNELS
Some channels always open
Some channels have “gates”
that open or close
in response to signals
Animation from: http://www2.uic.edu/~myilma1/ionchannel.gif
SIGNALS:•stretching of cell membrane•electrical signals•chemicals
Kidspiration by: Riedell
Kinds of Active Transport
• Sodium-Potassium Pump•Endocytosis
•Exocytosis
________________________________________
___________________________________
____________________________________
SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
• ___________ transport (requires energy from ______)
• Special just for Na+ and K + ions
• Uses integral ___________________ to move molecules
• Examples in nerve cells: Na+ is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells
ACTIVE
Carrier Proteins
ATP
Na+ and K + PUMP
Animation from: http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm
ENDOCYTOSISTakes substances into cell
• _____________transport (requires energy from ATP)
• Uses small membrane sacs to carry substances
______________
ACTIVE
= VESICLES
http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/cell.html
2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSISTakes substances into cell
If taking in:
fluid, molecules = ____________________
large particles or whole cells = __________________
• Examples in cells:– one celled organisms eat this way– white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way
PINOCYTOSIS
PHAGOCYTOSIS
ENDOCYTOSIS
Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html
PHAGOCYTOSIS
White blood cell destroying germs
EXOCYTOSISSubstances released outside of cell
• __________ transport (requires energy)
• Substances move in____________
• Examples in cells:
– Golgi release packaged proteins
ACTIVE
VESICLES
Exocytosis
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html
GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS
Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html
Endocytosis & Exocytosis
http://grossmont.gcccd.cc.ca.us/cmilgrim/Bio120/Outline/Outline2.gif/TransportMedia/EndoExocytosisMovie.htm