Transport systems and climate change in developing countries
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Briding the Gap 2010 Expert Workshop Climate Change and Development in the Transport Sector Transport systems and climate change in developing countries Hilda Martínez Salgado June 8, 2010
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By Hilda Martinez Salgado, manager of climate change and air quality at the Center for Sustainable Transport in Mexico (CTS-Mexico). Presented at the "Bridging the Gap" workshop, "Climate change and development in the transport sector: what do you need to achieve GHG mitigation from land transport" on June 8, 2010 in Bonn, Germany.
Transcript of Transport systems and climate change in developing countries
Briding the Gap 2010 Expert Workshop
Climate Change and Development in
the Transport Sector
Transport systems and climate change in
developing countries
Hilda Martínez SalgadoJune 8, 2010
EMBARQ Network
Catalyze sustainable mobility solutions in
order to improve the Quality of Life in
Mexican cities.
CTS Mexico Mission
A successful low carbon urban transport system involves…
• Low travel times and costs for people and goods
• Equal access to urban life opportunities (social services, education, health, recreation)
• Adequate support to desired form, size and density of the city-region
• Limited impact on the environment: air/noise pollution; CO2 emissions
• Reduced impact on public health: injuries, fatalities, respiratory disease, obesity
London, England
However, things are not as bad as we think…
Mexico City modal split
This implies a huge challenge, when what you have is the opposite…
However, things are not as bad as we think…
Mexico City modal split
And city population in developing countries increases…
Source: United Nations Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects, The
2005 Revision
and also…
• Number of vehicles increases faster than population following economic development
Source: Lee Schipper, University of California at Berkeley, 2009
The number of motor vehicles is growing twice as fast as the population in India – mainly two wheelers (71%)
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10
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1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2004
Thousands
Total M2W Cars Buses Goods
Source: O.P. Agarwal and S. Zimmerman “Towards Sustainable Mobility in Urban India”, Presented in the Annual TRB Meeting, Washington
D.C. January 2008
And Mexico is showing similar trend for vehicles and SUVs (2009- 2030)
Source: Low Carbon Development for Mexico study, CTS-World Bank 2008
Transport GHG emissions 1990-2030
Source: International Energy Agency, 2009
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1990 2007 2020 2030
Rest of the World
India Transport
China Transport
OECD + Transport
Transport Emissions in Developed countries experience
Mexico (and developing countries) experience
What to do? Change in paradigm :
Pedestrian and Bicycles
Public Transportation
Transit Oriented Development
Disincentives to Car Use
Cleaner fuels and vehicles
Source: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/images/sidewalks/ps_rendering01.JPG
Promote
Sustainable
Transport
Systems
Transit-oriented
development aims
to create easy
connections to
where people
work, live and play
in a city.
The key to
solving the
problem is
getting people
out of their cars
and into mass
transit.
Promote cleaner
fuels and
cleaner
technology
It is possible for any city to transform itself into a sustainable city…
Bogotá, Colombia, 1998
It is possible for any city to transform itself into a sustainable city…
Bogotá, Colombia 1998
Bogotá, TransMilenio, 84 Km median
busways, 1,6 million pax/day
Initial Corridor 2000
Bogotá has applied integrated policies for sustainable transport
Fuentes: EncuestaAnual “Bogotá ¿CómoVamos?” www.eltiempo.com;
Total Public
Transport
Traditional
Public
Transport
TransMilenio
BRTS
Private (Car,
Two Wheeler)
Active Transport
(Walking, Bicycle)
Main mode of transport 1998-2009 (Bogotá, Colombia)
Megabús, 27 Km Busways, 155,000 pax/day
Initial Operation in 2006
Pereira, Colombia
27 Km busways
130,000 pax/day
Initial Operation in 2009
Cali, Colombia
45 Km BRT System
450,000 passengers per day
Reduce time travel in 30%
Metrobus, México City
Macrobús, Guadalajara, México
Macrobús, Guadalajara, México
16 Km, 27 Stations, 41 Articulated Buses + 103 Feeder Buses
Launched in
September 2007,
Istanbul’s bus rapid
transit corridor
is now one of
the most heavily
traveled BRT lines
in the world.
Istanbul, Turkey
Delhi's new
bus corridor
meets its key
objectives,
but there is
still room for
improvement.
Delhi, India
Bangalore
is poised to
become the
"cycling capital
of India."
However, Financial, institutional, physical resources are constrained
Mexico policies toward a low carbon sustainable transport
National Strategy on Climate Change
Is a effort of the Federal Government to reflects its commitment in relation to climate change and identify opportunities in mitigation and adaptation.
It proposed specific actions, policies and strategies as a basis for developing a Special Program on Climate Change.
Special Program on Climate Change (PECC)The objectives in PECC represent opportunities to promote:
• environmental sustainability,
• strengthening the competitiveness of production processes and
• improve quality of life for next generations
• 4 main components:
Long term vision
Mitigation
Adaptation
Transversal policies
• Implementation by 2012, could mitigate 50 million ton of CO2e (baseline year 2000)
• Sectors involve:
– Generation and use of energy
– Agriculture and land use
– Waste
• Mexico voluntary commitments to reduce GHG:– 30% by 2020
– 50% by 2050
PECC Targets
GHG reductions goals for 2012 by category
Transport measures in PECC to reduce GHG emissions
• Energy efficiency
• Reduce energy consumption in freight and passenger transport
• Vehicle scrapping and renovation
• Road Infrastructure
• Freight rail infrastructure
• Federal Mass Transit program
• Suburban transport systems
• Improve fishing fleets
Federal Mass Transit Program (PROTRAM)
Support cities in Support cities in developing Mass
Transit Investment Projects with high social justification
Objectives:
Support Projects that are Integral to
Sustainable Mobility
Support Projects that are Integral to
Sustainable Mobility Plans
Complement Local Complement Local Government investment &
maximize private investment
Strengthen local Strengthen local institutions in urban transport planning,
regulation & management.
The Federal Government under the framework of
Fondo Nacional de Infraestructura (FONADIN ) in BANOBRAS
Developed through the Ministry of Finance with World Bank assistance
the Federal Mass Transit Program (PROTRAM )
It is possible to achieve sustainable transport
• Strong integrated policies that give real priority to mass transport• Integration of all modes in urban and inter-urban travel • Avoid carbon intensive development by integrating land use and mass transport• Incorporate Transport demand management • Use cleaner technologies and push for better energy efficiency in cars• Financing for low carbon transport
