Transcription and Translation - Lemon Bay High School vs. Translation Review On your Check Point...
Transcript of Transcription and Translation - Lemon Bay High School vs. Translation Review On your Check Point...
Learning Goals:
We will identify the types of RNA and their role in protein synthesis.
Standard: SC.912.L.16.5 Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation and how they result in the expression of genes.
Recall: DNA vs. RNA
DNA
1. Strands?
2. Sugar?
3. Bases?
RNA
1. Strands?
2. Sugar?
3. Bases?
Both contain a sugar, phosphate, and base.
Recall: DNA vs. RNA
DNA
Double stranded
Deoxyribose sugar
Bases: C,G A,T
RNA
1. Strands?
2. Sugar?
3. Bases?
Both contain a sugar, phosphate, and base.
Recall: DNA vs. RNA
DNA
Double stranded
Deoxyribose sugar
Bases: C,G A,T
RNA
Single stranded
Ribose sugar
Bases: C,G,A,U
Both contain a sugar, phosphate, and base.
Recall: DNA & the Genetic Code
DNA contains a genetic code, the instructions to make an organism function.
DNA strands contain the nitrogen bases Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Thymine.
DNA is able to replicate itself prior to cell division to ensure both new cells have the same DNA.
DNA code can be used in Protein Synthesis.
What are Proteins?
Made up of amino acids.
Polypeptide- string of amino acids.
Assembled at the ribosome.
20 amino acids are arranged in different orders to make a variety of proteins.
What is Protein Synthesis?
Process by which DNA codes are turned into proteins for the body to use.
2 Steps:
Transcription - Creating mRNA with DNA’s code
Translation – Using mRNA’s code & ribosomes to create proteins.
Recall: Transcription
Transcription is the first step in Protein Synthesis.
Occurs in the nucleus.
Segments of DNA code serve as templates to produce messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.
mRNA contains the nitrogen bases Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Uracil instead of Thymine.
mRNA Processing
DNA sequence has coding regions (exons) and non-coding regions (introns)
Introns must be removed before mRNA and can leave
nucleus
Newly made mRNA strand
Intron Exon Intron Exon Intron
Intron Exon Intron Exon Intron
Modified mRNA strand
Prior to leaving the nucleus, the mRNA must be modified
Transcription to Translation
Once the mRNA has been modified, it can then leave the nucleus to be used by the ribosome to make proteins.
Translation is the process by which a ribosome uses the mRNA message to produce a specific amino acid chain (polypeptide protein).
Occurs outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm.
Translation – Codons & Amino Acids
The ribosome reads the code three letters at a time. These three letters are called codons.
Each codon codes for a particular amino acid.
Check Point Question
How many codons are in this particular sequence:
Seven:
AUG AAC UCU GCC UAA GCG UAU
Translation - Codons
Codons code for particular amino acids, those amino acids are the building blocks of _______.
Translation - Codons
Codons code for particular amino acids, those amino acids are the building blocks of Proteins.
Translation - Codons
We can use codon charts to determine which codons code for which particular amino acids.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes read codons without codon charts
They use the sequence of codons on mRNA and the assistance of tRNA to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains.
Recall Question: What is the role of the tRNA?
Welcome Transfer RNA (tRNA)!
tRNA brings the amino acids to the ribosome.
An Anticodon on the other end matches with the mRNA’s code.
Translation: The Finale
The polypeptide chain grows until it reaches a stop codon, the polypeptide chain is released and folded into a protein.
Transcription vs. Translation ReviewOn your Check Point Paper, answer the following
blanks:
Transcription
Process by which genetic information encoded in 1.___ is copied onto messenger RNA
Occurs in the 2. ______
DNA is used to create 3. ______
Translation
Process by which information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble a chain of 4. ______ at a ribosome
Occurs in the 5. ______
mRNA is used to create 6. ______
Transcription vs. Translation ReviewOn your Check Point Paper, answer the following
blanks:
Transcription
Process by which genetic information encoded in 1.DNA is copied onto messenger RNA
Occurs in the 2. ______
DNA is used to create 3. ______
Translation
Process by which information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble a chain of 4. ______ at a ribosome
Occurs in the 5. ______
mRNA is used to create 6. ______
Transcription vs. Translation ReviewOn your Check Point Paper, answer the following
blanks:
Transcription
Process by which genetic information encoded in 1.DNA is copied onto messenger RNA
Occurs in the 2. Nucleus
DNA is used to create 3. ______
Translation
Process by which information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble a chain of 4. ______ at a ribosome
Occurs in the 5. ______
mRNA is used to create 6. ______
Transcription vs. Translation ReviewOn your Check Point Paper, answer the following
blanks:
Transcription
Process by which genetic information encoded in 1.DNA is copied onto messenger RNA
Occurs in the 2. Nucleus
DNA is used to create 3. mRNA
Translation
Process by which information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble a chain of 4. ______ at a ribosome
Occurs in the 5. ______
mRNA is used to create 6. ______
Transcription vs. Translation ReviewOn your Check Point Paper, answer the following
blanks:
Transcription
Process by which genetic information encoded in 1.DNA is copied onto messenger RNA
Occurs in the 2. Nucleus
DNA is used to create 3. mRNA
Translation
Process by which information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble a chain of 4.amino acids at a ribosome
Occurs in the 5. ______
mRNA is used to create 6. ______
Transcription vs. Translation ReviewOn your Check Point Paper, answer the following
blanks:
Transcription
Process by which genetic information encoded in 1.DNA is copied onto messenger RNA
Occurs in the 2. Nucleus
DNA is used to create 3. mRNA
Translation
Process by which information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble a chain of 4.amino acids at a ribosome
Occurs in the 5. cytoplasm
mRNA is used to create 6. ______
Transcription vs. Translation ReviewOn your Check Point Paper, answer the following
blanks:
Transcription
Process by which genetic information encoded in 1.DNA is copied onto messenger RNA
Occurs in the 2. Nucleus
DNA is used to create 3. mRNA
Translation
Process by which information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble a chain of 4.amino acids at a ribosome
Occurs in the 5. cytoplasm
mRNA is used to create 6. proteins
Using the Codon AUG (start codon)
Locate the first letter of your codon using the left side of the table.
Look for the A
How to Read a Codon Chart/Table
Codon: AUG
The second letter of your codon is ‘U’
Look at the top of the table where you see the title ‘2nd letter’
Find the letter ‘U’ and follow it down until it intersects with the letter ‘A’.
Look to the right for the third letter, “G”
Move your finger from the ‘G’ on the left over to the left and you should land on ….. Methionine (start codon)
Yes you did it! Now, try another codon
Codon: AUG