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Transcription and Translation

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Standard(s): • SC.912.L.16.5 Explain the basic processes of

transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes.

Learning objectives: • Students will compare and contrast the processes

of transcription and translation.• Students will model how transcription and

translation lead to the expression of genes.

DNARNAtranscriptiontranslationAmino acidProteinCodon/ anticodon

Guiding question:

How are proteins made according to the code in DNA?

cell

nucleuschromosome

DNA

gene

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=c5VXaU40n_n0MM&tbnid=VxsvANLp8lBZoM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://pixabay.com/de/genetik-chromosomen-rna-dna-156404/&ei=rJ3EU-KWJZPmsATKxYHgBg&bvm=bv.70810081,d.cWc&psig=AFQjCNGRDuLfjPw0YT7twmYjlpLJkJPprQ&ust=1405480735183602

Transcription

Transcription in a nutshell

A pairs with UC pairs with G

RNA base paring rules

Occurs inside the nucleusSpecific gene is copied into mRNA One mRNA codes a single proteinEnd result is the code for a single protein

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=ejdWniCJo1GucM&tbnid=hzdIJf8Ie1BKSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://pixabay.com/en/sticky-note-paper-pin-notes-294627/&ei=YX3FU_3ZCMn68QG70IDQDA&bvm=bv.70810081,d.cWc&psig=AFQjCNEkCMLVPWOX7uwh5fb1DaMbxZ2hLg&ust=1405538005833476

Translation

Codon

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=2UH5BkWjix_v-M&tbnid=CEwz1BT5qZGH8M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code&ei=sYTFU9CBEOiF8gGv_YDQDw&bvm=bv.70810081,d.cWc&psig=AFQjCNGc5qbKyB9Xn5rua--FjlgFkzok9g&ust=1405539810377410

mRNA codon chart Alanine : AlaArganine: ArgAsparagine: AsnAspartic acid: AspCysteine: CysGlutamic acid: GluGlutamine: GlnGlycine: GlyHistidine: HistIsoleucine: IleLeucine: LeuLysine:LysMethionine: MetPhenylalanine:PheProline:ProSerine: SerThreonine: ThrTryptophan: TrpTyrosine:TyrValine:ValSTART: Met

Translation in a nutshell

A pairs with UC pairs with G

RNA base paring rules

Occurs in the cytoplasmRequires a ribosome Ribosomal complex: ribosome + mRNA+ tRNAmRNA contains code for specific tRNADifferent tRNA’s bring different amino acids to the ribosomeEnd result is a protein

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=ejdWniCJo1GucM&tbnid=hzdIJf8Ie1BKSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://pixabay.com/en/sticky-note-paper-pin-notes-294627/&ei=YX3FU_3ZCMn68QG70IDQDA&bvm=bv.70810081,d.cWc&psig=AFQjCNEkCMLVPWOX7uwh5fb1DaMbxZ2hLg&ust=1405538005833476

http://homepages.abdn.ac.uk/p.marston/pages/flash/samples/protein.swf

NUCLEUS

CYTOPLASM(ribosome)

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=CsX7HckT0bjocM&tbnid=urKKU7CTD_iOiM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0328_Transcription-translation_Summary.jpg&ei=nYbFU6LRM4_esASc74KgBw&bvm=bv.70810081,d.cWc&psig=AFQjCNHMTOH69vDtjfxs52dzA75suhKpUA&ust=1405540379143552

How do you go from DNA to the color of your eyes?

3 genes code for eye color

Enzyme (protein)That controls levels of melanin

Transcription and translation

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=hv0ra60XOZ04HM&tbnid=pfXDFU_ZUTp5AM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology_modeling&ei=nM7FU4fsJseSyATttYF4&bvm=bv.71126742,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNGjxC-sfAl8EfF9Ui1zvMynwUQCCg&ust=1405558671520221

SummarizingI used to think … but now I know: Each student will answer: I used to think the color of the eyes came from…….. But now I know……. share with shoulder partner and the class

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