Name: …………………………………………………………………………………… ( )

Class: ……………….

Second Semestral Assessment 2019Secondary 1 Express

Science

04 October 2019 2 h 00 minFriday 0800 – 1000

Additional materials: 1 sheet of OTAS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, class and register number in the spaces provided above, and on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.You may assume g = 10 m/s2 whenever necessary, unless otherwise stated.Calculators and mathematical sets are allowed.

Section A [30 marks]Answer all questions on the OTAS.

Section B [30 marks]Answer all questions.Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Section C [40 marks]Answer question C1 and any three of the other four questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ]at the end of each question or part question.

This question paper consists of 24 printed pages including the cover page.

East Spring Secondary SchoolTowards Excellence and Success

Section Marks

A / 30

B / 30

C / 40

Total: / 100

2

Section A [30 marks]Answer all questions on the OTAS.

A1 The following hazard symbols are found on a bottle containing a chemical in the laboratory. What can be concluded from them?

A The liquid can cause cell damage.B The liquid can be touched with bare hands.C The liquid cannot be used near a naked flame.D The liquid will explode when it is poured out of the container.

A2 A student tried to light up a Bunsen burner and a strikeback occurred. What could be the cause of the strikeback?

A The barrel was not cleaned properly.B Insufficient gas from the gas tap.C There was a crack in the collar.D The air-hole was opened.

A3 A student carried out an experiment and recorded the statement below:

“When the current increases, the filament in the light bulb turns from orange to bright red.”

Which stage of the scientific method is the student carrying out?

A asking a questionB constructing a hypothesisC drawing a conclusionD analysing data

A4 The diagram below shows a plant cell. Which structure is also present in an animal cell?

A

B

C

D

3

A8 In which situation would diffusion occur fastest?

A aroma of freshly cooked food travelling through the airB coloured dye mixing with a liquidC food particles entering the living cellsD sugar dissolving in a liquid

A9 Andy extracted a component of blood and observed it under a microscope. He found that the component contained cells with nuclei.Which blood component was extracted?

A red blood cell B white blood cellC platelets D plasma

A5 The human blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma.

Which of the following structure represents the human blood?

A cellB tissueC organD system

A6 The diagram below shows a specialised plant cell. For what function is this cell modified?

A transport of waterB exchange of gasesC photosynthesis D storage of food

A7 Which part of the plant cell is responsible for controlling substances entering or leaving the cell?

A cell wallB cell membrane C chloroplastD vacuole

4

A10 The diagrams below show the apparatus used in an experiment.

In which tubes will osmosis take place?

A 1 & 2 B 1 & 4C 2 & 3 D 3 & 4

A11 A ring of bark was removed from a woody shoot undergoing photosynthesis, leaving only the xylem intact as shown.

Which of the following diagram represents the appearance of the stem a few weeks later?

A B

C D

leaves

ring of bark and phloem removed

roots

xylemintact

distilled water

dialysis tubing

sugarsolution

sugar solution

distilled water

5

A12 A student used a pair of vernier calipers to measure the diameter of a test tube. The diagram below shows the enlargement of part of the vernier calipers.

What is the diameter of the test tube?

A 2.40 cm B 2.14 cmC 3.10 cmD 2.54 cm

A13 Three balls have densities of 1.8 g/cm3, 1.9 g/cm3 and 2.2 g/cm3 respectively. They are immersed in a beaker containing a liquid with a density of 2.1 g/cm3.

Which options most accurately shows what you will observe?

A B

C D

A14 The picture below shows a drill, with a diamond on the tip of the drill bit.

Which of the following physical properties explains why diamonds are used in drill bits?

A flexibilityB strengthC hardnessD density

A15 A freshly baked cake is placed on a table. Which of the following describes the way the cake loses heat?

A conduction onlyB convection onlyC conduction and convectionD conduction, convection and radiation

100

drill bit

drilltip of drill bit

6

A17 An experimental setup is shown in the diagram below. The glass rod and the copper rod are of equal lengths. Each pin is attached to a rod with an equal amount of wax.

Which pin will drop last?

A pin AB pin BC pin CD pin D

A18 Which of the following diagrams shows the correct direction of the convection current set up in the box?

A16 Which of the following statements about radiation is incorrect?

A Black surfaces are good emitters of radiation.B Objects with higher temperature emit radiation at a lower rate.C Objects with larger surface area absorb radiation at a higher rate.D Radiation can travel through a vacuum.

BA

C D

burningpaper

burningpaper

burningpaper

burningpaper

7

A19 An object is placed on a beam balance and on a compression spring balance on Earth. The same experiment is then repeated on Moon.

Which set of observations is true about the beam balance and the spring balance readings?

beam balance compression spring balance

A reads less on Moon than on Earth reads less on Moon than on Earth

B reads less on Moon than on Earth reads the same on Moon and Earth

C reads the same on Moon and Earth reads less on Moon than on Earth

D reads the same on Moon and Earth reads the same on Moon and Earth

A20 A student stood on a weighing scale to measure her mass. She first stood on the scale on both feet, then changed to standing on one foot.

Which of the following statements is true?

A The pressure exerted on the scale doubled when she changed to standing on one foot.

B The pressure exerted on the scale halved when she changed to standing on one foot.C The reading on the weighing scale doubled when she changed to standing on one

foot.D The reading on the weighing scale halved when she changed to standing on one foot.

A21 Forces were applied on a particular box as shown below.

What is the resultant force?

A 13 N to the rightB 1 N to the rightC 12N to the leftD 1 N to the left

A22 A soccer player took a penalty kick from a spot in front of the goalpost.

Which effect of a force was applied?

A stopping a moving objectB moving a stationary objectC changing the shape of an objectD changing the direction of a moving object

8

A23 In a theme park, passengers in a roller coaster are initially at rest at the top of the track at point X. The roller coaster then travels down and round a circular loop in the track at Y.

What forms of energy is present at X and Y?

X YA kinetic energy only gravitational potential energy only

B kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy kinetic energy only

C gravitational potential energy only kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy

D gravitational potential energy only kinetic energy only

A24 An archer pulls a bow before releasing and shooting the arrow.

Which of the following energy conversions is correct of the action above?

A chemical potential energy elastic potential energy kinetic energyB elastic potential energy chemical potential energy kinetic energyC kinetic energy chemical potential energy elastic potential energyD chemical potential energy kinetic energy elastic potential energy

A25 Which of the following statements indicate the possible ways to use renewable energy sources?

I Build wind turbines to generate electricity using wind.II Install solar panels on the roof tops of buildings to capture solar energy.III Use charcoal instead of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking food.

A I & II onlyB I & III onlyC II & III onlyD I, II and III

X

Y

9

A26 Singapore is an industrialized small island country with limited land space. Being near the equator, it is sunny all year round.

Suggest which type of renewable energy is suitable to be harvested in Singapore.

A solar energyB wind energyC geothermal energyD biofuel energy

A27 A circuit with one light bulb is set up as shown below.

What happens to the brightness of the light bulb when a second identical light bulb is added in series to the circuit?

A It becomes dimmer.

B It becomes brighter.

C The bulbs will not light up.D There is no change in brightness.

A28 The diagram shows four resistors of equal resistance connected to a battery.

In which resistor does the current have the largest value?

A29 Many electrical equipment should not be plugged into the same socket. Why is this so?

A The fuse will keep “blowing”.

B There is a risk of an electric shock.

C There is a risk of an electrical fire.

D The insulation will become damaged.

A

B C

D

10

A30 Which fuse rating is suitable for a device that requires 8 A to function?

A 7 A

B 8 A

C 9 A

D 10 A

End of Section A

11

Section B [30 marks]Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

B1 Four rulers made of different material were tested to compare how much their rulers bend when a certain weight was hung on them.

The set-up is shown in Fig. B1.1 below (the figure is not drawn to scale).

Fig. B1.1

Fig. B1.2 shows the different materials used in each ruler.

Fig. B1.2

(a) State the independent variable in the experiment conducted.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]

(b) State the dependent variable in the experiment conducted.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]

(c) Name two other variables that must be kept constant during the experiment.

1. .…………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. .…………………………………………………………………………………………[2]

(d) The students' classmate told them that their experiment was not a fair one.

State one error in the experiment that had caused the experiment to be unfair.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]

[Total: 5]

wood

plastic

metal

glass

table

clamps

ruler

weights

12

B2 Fig. B2.1 shows a plant cell.

Fig. B2.1

(a) Identify the cell in Fig. B2.1.

……………………………………………………………………………………….…….[1]

(b) Name structures P and Q.

P: ………………………………

Q: ……………………………… [2]

(c) State two differences between the cell in Fig. B2.1 and a typical animal cell.

1.…………………………………………………………………………………….………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….………..

2.…………………………………………………………………………………….………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….…….[2]

[Total: 5]

Pcell membrane

cell wall

Q

13

B3 Five potato strips, A, B, C, D and E, each weighing 10 g, were immersed in sugar solutions ofdifferent concentrations for two hours, then dried and reweighed.

The change in the mass of each potato strip was recorded in Graph B3.1.

Graph B3.1

(a) Name and define the process that caused the change in mass of the potato strips.

……………………………………………………………………………………….………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….…….[2]

(b) With reference to Graph B3.1,

(i) state which potato strip was placed in distilled water.

…………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(ii) state which potato strip was placed in sugar solution of the same concentration as the potato.

…………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(c) Explain the change in mass observed in potato strip A.

……………………………………………………………………………………….………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….…….[2]

[Total: 6]

A

C

D

E

B

change in mass / g- 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4 5

14

B4 State the material that you will use to make the following objects. Explain your choice of material based on physical properties of the material.

(a) gloves for working with electrical circuit

……………………………………………………………………………………….………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….…….[2]

(b) cutting blade of a knife

……………………………………………………………………………………….………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….…….[2]

[Total: 4]

B5 A laboratory is testing the robotic arms of a machine that can lift rock samples on the Moon.

The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the Moon is 1.6 m/s2.

(a) The rock samples have a mass of 100 g on Earth.

State the mass of the rock samples (in kg) on the Moon.

mass of rock samples on the moon = …………………….… [1]

(b) Calculate the minimum force required to lift up the rock samples on the moon.

force = …………………….… [1]

(c) The test shows that the robotic arm can lift up to 0.05 kg rock on the Earth.

State whether the arm be able to lift the 100 g rock samples on the moon? Show your working.

……………………………………………………………………………………….…….[2]

[Total: 4]

15

B6 Fig. B6.1 shows a circuit made up of five resistors connected to an ammeter and a battery with a voltage of 24 V.

R2 and R3 are identical resistors and R4 and R5 are identical resistors.

Fig. B6.1

(a) Calculate the potential difference across C and D.

potential difference = …………………… [1]

(b) (i) Calculate the total resistance of R2 and R3.

total resistance = …………………… [1]

(ii) Calculate the total resistance of R4 and R5.

total resistance = …………………… [1]

(iii) Hence, calculate the total resistance of R2, R3, R4 and R5.

total resistance = …………………… [1]

24V

8 V

16

(c) Calculate the current flowing through the ammeter.

current = …………………… [2]

[Total: 6]

End of Section B

17

Section C [40 marks]Answer C1 and any three other questions in the spaces provided.

C1 (a) Thermal conductivity is a measure of the ability of a substance to conduct heat.

Fig. C1.1 shows a set-up to investigate the relationship between the thermal conductivity of several metallic plates and the duration at which the cork will fall.

Fig. C1.1

Table C1.2 shows the metal plates used in the experiment and their respective thermal conductivities:

Table C1.2

materials copper stainlesssteel iron silver brass

thermal conductivityW/(m.K) 400 16 80 429 109

(i) Define ‘conduction’ of heat.

……………………………………………………………………………..………......[1]

The times taken for the cork to fall off when copper and iron plates are used are 20 s and 53 s respectively.

(ii) Describe the relationship between the thermal conductivity of metallic plates with the duration taken for the cork to fall.

……………………………………………………………………………………............

……………………………………………………………………………..………......[1]

(iii) Describe how the thermal conductivity of the materials affects the time taken for the cork to fall.

……………………………………………………………………………………............

…………………………………………………………………………………..…......[1]

heater

wax

cork

metal plate to be tested

18

(b) Fig. C1.3 shows a saucepan containing water placed on a hot plate.

Fig. C1.3

(i) Name and explain the main processes by which heat is transferred from the hot plate to heat up all the water in the saucepan.

……………………………………………………………………………………............

……………………………………………………………………………………….........

……………………………………………………………………………………............

……………………………………………………………………………………............

……………………………………………………………………………………............

…………………………………………………………………………………….…....[3]

(ii) The sides of the saucepan are often polished. Explain how this reduces heat loss.

……………………………………………………………………………………............

…………………………………………………………………………………….…....[1]

(iii) The plastic handle was broken after the experiment. Suggest another suitable material that can be installed as the handle.

…………………………………………………………………………………..……...[1]

(c) Residents sometimes complain about floor tiles that pop up due to poor workmanship by the contractor.

Fig. C1.4 shows some floor tiles that have popped up during one month of exceptionally hot weather.

Fig. C1.4

plastic handle hot plate

water

iron

19

(i) State a reason why the floor tiles pop out during the hot weather.

…………………………………………………………………………………..……...[1]

(ii) Suggest what could have been done to prevent this from happening.

…………………………………………………………………………………..……...[1]

[Total: 10]C2 A student tried to push 2 different boxes.

In Fig. C2.1, she applied a force of 30 N on box X but it did not move.In Fig. C2.2, she applied a force of 30 N on box Y and it moved 4m along the ground.

Fig. C2.1 Fig. C2.2

(a) (i) State which box had work done on it.

…………………………………………………………………………………....…....[1]

(ii) Explain your answer for (a)(i).

……………………………………………………………………………………….…....

………………………………………………………………………………...…….....[2]

(iii) Calculate the work done on the box from (a)(i).

work done = ………………….. [2]

(b) (i) There is an opposing force that slowed down the movement of box Y.

State the name of the force.

……………………………………………………………………………………….....[1]

(ii) On Fig. C2.2, draw an arrow indicating the force in (b)(i). .[1]

30 N 30 N

4m

X Y Y

20

(c) Box X has a dimension of 0.2 m by 0.2 m by 0.2 m, and has a mass of 10 kg.

(i) Calculate the weight of the box, assuming that acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 10 m/s2.

weight = ………………….. [1]

(ii) Calculate the pressure that box X is applying on the floor.

pressure = ………………….. [2]

[Total: 10]

C3 (a) Sickle celled anaemia is a disease that affects the shape of red blood cell. Fig. C3.1 shows a normal red blood cell while Fig. C3.2 shows a sickled-shaped red blood cell.

Fig. C3.1 Fig. C3.2

(i) State the function of the red blood cell.

………………………………………………………………….……………….…..........

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[1]

(ii) Patients suffering from sickle-celled anaemia usually do not have enough oxygen reaching their cells.

With reference to the shape of the cell in Fig. C3.2, suggest why that is so.

………………………………………………………………….……………….…..........

………………………………………………………………….……………….…..........

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[3]

21

(iii) State and explain one other adaptation of the red blood cell that helps it perform its function.

………………………………………………………………….……………….…..........

………………………………………………………………….……………….…..........

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[2]

(b) Fig C3.3 below shows an insect feeding from the stem of a plant.

Fig C3.3

(i) Identify which part of the stem is the insect feeding from the plant.

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[1]

(ii) State the function of the part in (b)(i).

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[1]

(iii) Most insect feeds on plants during the day. Explain why this is so.

………………………………………………………………….……………….….........

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[2]

[Total: 10]

22

C4 (a) Fig. C4.1 shows a student dropping a ball from a height to investigate the Law of Conservation of Energy.

Fig. C4.1

The student expected the ball to drop from position 1 to 3, and then bounce back up to his hand at position 1.

(i) State the Law of Conservation of Energy.

………………………………………………………………….……………….….........

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[2]

(ii) Will the ball reach back to position 1? Explain your answer.

………………………………………………………………….……………….….........

………………………………………………………………….……………….….........

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[2]

(iii) Identify at which position (1 to 3) is there

maximum kinetic energy,

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[1]

the amount kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy is equal.

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[1]

(b) Biofuel is a type of renewable energy that is gaining popularity. It is derived from plants and animal matter such as sugar cane. It has many uses and can even be converted to biodiesel to power cars.

However, despite this, environmentalists are urging governments and people to look out for other sources of renewable energy.

(i) Define renewable energy.

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[1]

1

2

3

23

(ii) Explain why countries are not encouraged to use biofuel as a source of energy.

………………………………………………………………….……………….….........

………………………………………………………………….……………….….........

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[2]

(iii) Suggest an alternative renewable energy source that has no negativeenvironmental effect.

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[1]

[Total: 10]

C5 (a) Design a circuit diagram in the box below based on the information provided.The electric circuit should include:

a battery,two light bulbs connected in series,a switch that is capable of turning off the two light bulbs,an ammeter that measures the current passing through both light bulbs,a fixed resistor that is connected in parallel to the two light bulbs,a voltmeter that measures the voltage across the fixed resistor.

[4]

24

(b) A man installed a water heater in his house. Upon switching it on, his whole house went into a blackout.

He later fixed the water heater, and it worked perfectly. The heater has a power rating of 3.5 kW.

(i) State the safety device that is responsible for the blackout.

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[1]

(ii) While fixing the water heater, the man needed to change a component in the plug.

State the component the he needed to change.

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[1]

(iii) Given that the cost of 1.0 kWh of electricity is $0.25, calculate the cost of using the heater for 12 hours.

cost = ………………….. [2]

(iv) Due to wear and tear, the switch is consistently wet due to leaky pipes.

State one hazard that arises if the heater is used, and explain the danger that this hazard poses to the people in the house.

………………………………………………………………….……………….….........

………………………………………………………………….……………….….....[2]

[Total: 10]

End of Paper

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ll w

allw

here

as a

n an

imal

cel

l doe

s no

t ha

ve a

cel

l wal

l.

The

cell

in F

ig. B

2.1

has

a lo

ng a

nd n

arro

w p

rotr

usio

nw

here

as a

n an

imal

cel

l doe

s no

t hav

e an

y pr

otru

sion

s.

The

cell

in F

ig. B

2.1

has

a la

rge

cent

ral v

acuo

lew

here

as a

typi

cal

anim

al c

ell h

as m

any

smal

l vac

uole

s.

1 1 1

Onl

y la

rge

cent

ral v

acuo

le is

allo

wed

(siz

e, p

ositi

on)

B3

(a)

Osm

osis

It is

the

(ne

t) m

ovem

ent

of w

ater

(m

olec

ules

)fro

m a

(re

gion

of)

high

er w

ater

pot

entia

l to

a (

regi

on o

f) lo

wer

wat

er p

oten

tial

thro

ugh

a pa

rtia

lly p

erm

eabl

e m

embr

ane.

1 1

No

mar

ks if

spe

lling

is w

rong

(b)(i

)C

(b)(i

i)B

(c)

A h

as a

hig

her w

ater

pot

entia

l com

pare

d to

the

suga

r sol

utio

n.

Thus

, w

ater

mol

ecul

es m

ove

out

of A

via

(os

mos

is),

mak

ing

it sh

rink

in m

ass.

1 1

Acce

pt v

ice

vers

aAc

cept

if th

e st

uden

t mis

sed

out o

smos

is, g

iven

that

pa

rt (a

) was

osm

osis

.

B4

(a)

Rub

ber/F

abric

/Clo

th/W

ool

It is

a p

oor c

ondu

ctor

of e

lect

ricity

.

1 1

Acce

pt g

ood

insu

lato

rR

ejec

t woo

d/ce

ram

icR

ejec

t bad

con

duct

or

(b)

Met

al /

Cer

amic

It is

str

ong/

hard

.

1 1

Acce

pt n

ames

of m

etal

s/al

loys

whi

ch a

re h

ard

(e.g

Iro

n, S

teel

)Ac

cept

des

crip

tion

of p

rope

rtyR

ejec

t dur

able

Acce

pt la

rge

eas

an

lew

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weeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeer

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er p

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oth/

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ity.

B5

(a)

0.1

kg1

(b)

0.1

x 1.

6 =

0.16

N1

(c)

0.05

x 1

0 =

0.5

N

Yes

it w

ill be

abl

e to

lift

up th

e ro

ck s

ampl

es o

n th

e m

oon

1 1

Wor

king

nee

ded

to g

et fu

ll m

arks

.

No

mar

ks a

war

ded

for o

nly

Yes/

No

B6

(a)

24–

8=

16V

1(b

)(i)

4 +4

=8

1(b

)(ii)

6 +

6=

121

(b)(i

ii)1/

R =

1/8

+ 1

/12

=5/

24 o

r 0.2

083

R =

(5/2

4)-1

=4.

81

Allo

w E

.C.F

(c)

16 /

8=

2A

16 /

12=

1.33

A

Tota

l cur

rent

= 2

+ 1

.33

=3.

33A

1 1

Allo

w E

.C.F

1

Wo

Wo

Woooor

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g g g g g g ne

ed

No

No

No

No

No

No

mmarrr

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war

de

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arks

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C1 (a

)(i)

tran

sfer

of h

eat /

ther

mal

ene

rgy

thro

ugh

cont

actb

etw

een

obje

cts

1(a

)(ii)

The

high

erth

e th

erm

al c

ondu

ctiv

ityof

met

al,

the

shor

ter

the

dura

tion/

time

take

nfo

r the

cor

k to

dro

p1

Acce

pt v

ice

vers

aAc

cept

any

oth

er w

ordi

ng re

late

d to

sho

rter d

urat

ion

Rej

ect s

low

er d

urat

ion

(a)(i

ii)H

ighe

r th

erm

al

cond

uctiv

ityal

low

s he

at

to

be

mor

e ea

sily

/fast

er/q

uick

lytr

ansf

erre

dfro

m th

e he

ater

to th

e w

ax.

1

(b)(i

)H

eat i

s tra

nsfe

rred

from

the

hot p

late

to th

e iro

n sa

ucep

an to

wat

er b

y co

nduc

tion.

Con

vect

ion

curr

ents

[1]o

f wat

er a

re s

et u

p as

the

wat

er is

hea

ted

up, e

xpan

ds (i

ncre

ase

in v

olum

e) b

ecom

es le

ss d

ense

and

ris

esan

d th

e co

lder

wat

er s

inks

[1].

1 2

(b)(i

i)Sh

iny

surfa

ces

are

poor

rad

iato

rs/e

mitt

ers

of h

eat,

thus

hea

t lo

st

thro

ugh

radi

atio

n is

redu

ced.

1Ac

cept

lose

hea

t slo

wly

/Acc

ept r

efle

ct h

eat

(b)(i

ii)R

ubbe

r/woo

d/ce

ram

ic1

(c)

The

tiles

hav

e ex

pand

edan

d th

ere

was

not

eno

ugh

spac

e in

be

twee

n th

e til

es, c

ausi

ng th

em to

pop

up.

Leav

e m

ore

gap

in b

etw

een

the

tiles

/ Use

a ru

bber

gro

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g

1 1

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pt s

pace

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ease

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pt a

ny o

ther

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le a

nsw

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ect b

urst

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ere

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e ap

plie

d[1

]on

the

box

and

the

box

mov

ed in

the

di

rect

ion

of th

e fo

rce

appl

ied

[1].

2

(a)(i

ii)40

0 cm

= 4

.0m

30 x

4 =

120

Nm

or 1

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1 1(b

)(i)

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l For

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(b)(i

i)1

Acce

pt a

ny in

dica

tion

on d

irect

ion

of fr

ictio

n

(c)(i

)10

x 1

0 =

100N

1(c

)(ii)

20 c

m =

0.2

mAr

ea =

0.2

x 0

.2 =

0.0

4 m

2

Pres

sure

= 1

00 /

0.04

= 2

500

N/m

2or

250

0 Pa

or 2

.5 k

Pa

1 1

ECF

max

1m

C3 (a

)(i)

Tran

spor

t oxy

gen

from

the

lung

s to

all

part

s of

the

body

.1

(a)(i

i)Th

e si

ckle

-cel

l is

smal

ler i

n si

ze.

Thus

, it w

ould

con

tain

less

er h

aem

oglo

bin.

Le

sser

oxy

gen

will

be

tran

spor

ted.

1 1 1

Acce

pt is

stu

dent

talk

abo

ut S

A:VR

, mak

ing

it in

effic

ient

in o

xyge

n ex

chan

ge.

SA–

1 , r

ate

– 1

, am

ount

– 1

(a)(i

ii)It

has

no n

ucle

us[1

]to

pac

k m

ore

haem

oglo

bin

[1]

for

fast

er

trans

port

of o

xyge

n.2

(b)(i

)Ph

loem

1(b

)(ii)

Tran

spor

t foo

d su

bsta

nces

from

the

leav

es to

all

part

of t

he p

lant

.1

(b)(i

ii)Pl

ants

pho

tosy

nthe

size

dur

ing

the

day.

Ther

e w

ill be

mor

e fo

od in

the

phlo

emdu

ring

the

day.

2

C4 (a

)(i)

Ener

gy c

anno

t be

crea

ted

or d

estr

oyed

.It

can

only

be

conv

erte

d fr

om o

ne fo

rm to

ano

ther

.1 1

(a)(i

i)N

o, it

will

not.

Ener

gy is

lost

as

heat

/sou

nddu

ring

the

proc

ess.

1 1

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