Totalitarianism
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Transcript of Totalitarianism
Totalitarianism
• Government control over the political, economic, social, intellectual and cultural lives of its citizens
• Used both persuasion and intimidation• Absolutism in modern form - the state
is more important than the individual:– No “consent of the governed”– No “inalienable,” natural rights– No separation of powers
Perfection, of a kind, was what he was after,And the poetry he invented was easy to understand;He knew human folly like the back of his hand,And was greatly interested in armies and fleets;When he laughed, respectable senators burst with laughter,And when he cried the little children died in the streets.
-W.H. Auden, Epitaph On A Tyrant
FASCISM promised to transcend the class struggle by developing a new "corporatism": a planned
economy that preserved private ownership of capital. Unlike Bolshevism, Fascism did not overturn the
class hierarchy or threaten private capital. But it too featured legally unrestrained government, a single mass party, pseudo-elections, systematic terror, the
state monopoly of communications, the manipulation of enthusiasm by propaganda, a centrally directed industrial economy, and charismatic leadership. It was Mussolini who invented and popularized the
word "totalitarianism."
Fascism - a subset of Totalitarianism
• Ultra-Nationalist - sought expansion of territory for glory or to win mass support
• Supported by wealthy landowners and capitalists as a bulwark against communism
• Private property, but state controlled and directed
Fascism in Italy
• Turmoil after WWI– Peasants seize land– Workers seize factories– Revolution in the air?
• Benito Mussolini organizes “Black Shirts” paramilitary squads as an anti-communist organization
Benito Mussolini“Il Duce” - “The Leader”
Fascism in Italy“March on Rome” (1922) - Mussolini threatens to
take over government
King invites Mussolini to become Prime Minister
Benito Mussolini loves children a
lot. The children of Italy love the Duce a lot. Long live Il
Duce !. A salute to Il Duce: Here's to
us!".
Fascist Youth. Fascism does
not promise you honor, or load you with gain, only duty and
combat
The Path to Nazi Power
• Versailles Treaty
• Hyper-inflation
• Dawes Plan
Party % of vote - 1928
Nazis 3
Socialists 30
Communists 11
National Party 14
Catholic Party 12
The Path to Nazi Power
• Versailles Treaty
• Hyper-inflation
• Dawes Plan
• Great Depression
Party % of vote - 1928
% of vote - 1930
Nazis 3 18
Socialists 30 25
Communists 11 13
National Party
14 7
Catholic Party
12 12
The Path to Nazi Power
• Versailles Treaty
• Hyper-inflation
• Dawes Plan
• Great Depression
• Industrialists and Military Support Nazis
Party 1928 1930 July 1932
Nov 1932
Nazis 3 18 37 33
Socialists 30 25 22 20
Communists 11 13 14 17
National Party
14 7 6 9
Catholic Party
12 12 12 12
The Path to Nazi Power
• Versailles Treaty
• Hyper-inflation
• Great Depression
• Industrialists and Military Support Nazis
• Hitler Named Chancellor
• Reichstag Fire
Party 1928 1930 July 1932
Nov 1932
March 1933
Nazis 3 18 37 33 44
Socialists 30 25 22 20 18
Communists 11 13 14 17 12
National Party
14 7 6 9 8
Catholic Party
12 12 12 12 11
The Path to Nazi Power
• Versailles Treaty• Hyper-inflation• Great Depression• Industrialists and Military Support Nazis• Hitler Named Chancellor• Reichstag Fire• Enabling Act
The Path to Nazi Power• Versailles Treaty• Hyper-inflation• Great Depression• Industrialists and Military Support Nazis• Hitler Named Chancellor• Reichstag Fire• Enabling Act: Suspends Constitution; Hitler
can rule by decree
The Path to Nazi Power• Versailles Treaty• Hyper-inflation• Great Depression• Industrialists and Military Support Nazis• Hitler Named Chancellor• Reichstag Fire• Enabling Act: Suspends Constitution; Hitler can
rule by decree• Nazis Take Complete Control of Government• Totalitarianism: Persuasion
Führer, we will follow
you
Long Live Germany!
One People, One Reich, One Führer
No One Shall Be Hungry! No One Shall Be Cold!
Hitler is building. Help him. Buy German goods
Nazi Labor Service:We build body and soul
"A wonderful task: Reich
Labor Service Women's
Leader: A job for today!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcFuHGHfYwE&feature=related
Tomorrow Belongs to Me The sun on the meadow is summery warm.The stag in the forest runs free.But gather together to greet the stormTomorrow belongs to me.The branch of the linden is leafy and greenThe Rhine gives its gold to the sea.But somewhere a glory awaits unseenTomorrow belongs to me.Oh Fatherland, Fatherland,Show us the signYour children have waited to see.The morning will comeWhen the world is mine.Tomorrow belongs to me!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMVql9RLP34
Tomorrow Belongs to Me The sun on the meadow is summery warm.The stag in the forest runs free.But gather together to greet the stormTomorrow belongs to me.The branch of the linden is leafy and greenThe Rhine gives its gold to the sea.But somewhere a glory awaits unseenTomorrow belongs to me.Oh Fatherland, Fatherland,Show us the signYour children have waited to see.The morning will comeWhen the world is mine.Tomorrow belongs to me!
The Path to Nazi Power• Versailles Treaty• Hyper-inflation• Great Depression• Industrialists and Military Support Nazis• Hitler Named Chancellor• Reichstag Fire• Enabling Act• Nazis Take Complete Control of Government• Terror: Concentration Camps - Political Prisons• Terror: Jews as “the Other”: Kristallnacht
German Gross National Product 1926-39
German Unemployment Rate 1900-1940
I now ask the German people to strengthen my faith and to give
me through the strength of its will the
strength I need to continue to fight
courageously at any time for its honor and its freedom, and to be
able to further its economic prosperity. I ask it particularly to support me in my struggle for true
peace.