Experiment 4

TOTAL SOLID

Settleable

solids

Imhoff cone SamplesMicrowave (at

103C - 105C) Total solids

(TS)

Fibre glass

filter ( 2.0m)

Drying Oven (at

103C - 105C)

Drying Oven (at

180C 2C)

Dissolved

Solid

Suspended

solids (SS)

Dissolved solids

(DS)

Muffle furnace

(at

500C 50C)

Muffle furnace

(at

500C 50C)

Volatile

suspended

solids (VSS)

Total solids (TS)

Volatile

dissolved solids

(VDS)

Fixed dissolved

solids (FDS)

Total volatile

solids TVS = VSS

+ VDS

Total fixed solids

TFS = FSS + FDS

Fixed

suspended

solids (FSS)

Filter paper

EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIAL

i. Porcelain evaporating dishes (100 ml)

ii. Muffle furnace for operating at 500C 50C

iii. Desicator

v. Drying oven (105C and 180C)

vi. Analytical balance

vii. Pipet

x. Beaker

xi. Tweezer/forceps and tongs

xii. Filtration unit

Procedure

2. Total Suspended Solid Determination

3. Total Dissolved Solid Determination

4. Total Volatile Solid Determination

1. Total Solid Determination

1. Total Solid Determination

10 ml sample

Drying Oven (105C)

1 hour or until the

sample is

TOTALLY dried

2. Total Suspended Solid Determination

Sample (5-10 ml)

Wet the filter with a small volume of reagent-grade

water to seat it.

Minimize the contact of sample to glass funnel

surface.

Rinse all filtration

unit/apparatus

using distilled water

Rinse with small amount of distilled water after

filtering

Drying Oven (105C)

1 hour

Furnace (180C)

Evaporating dish

3. Total Dissolved Solid Determination

1 hour or until the

sample is

TOTALLY dried

4. Total Volatile Solid Determination

2.Total Suspended Solid Determination 3. Total Dissolved Solid Determination

Furnace (500C)1 hour

Heated samples and beakers, or weighing dish, are cooled in a desiccator to prevent the sample or beaker from gathering moisture as it

cools.

If a sample is allowed to cool in the open air of the laboratory, it will absorb water from the air.

This added water weight will give an incorrect measurement. Weighing the sample while it is hot also will cause inaccurate

measurements because as the sample cools, the weight fluctuates.