Topic 5 Topic 5

The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

The periodic table The periodic table

The periodic table is made up of The periodic table is made up of elements, approximately 110, elements, approximately 110, number varies depending on the number varies depending on the periodic table.periodic table.

Rows= periodsRows= periods Columns = groups Columns = groups The metals are on the left hand side The metals are on the left hand side

and the non-metals on the right hand and the non-metals on the right hand sideside

Metals and non-metalsMetals and non-metals

Metals have high melting and boiling Metals have high melting and boiling points and are solids at room points and are solids at room temperature (except mercury).temperature (except mercury).

Non-metals have low melting and Non-metals have low melting and boiling points and are mainly gases / boiling points and are mainly gases / liquids at room temperature or low liquids at room temperature or low melting point solids.melting point solids.

Metals and Non-metalsMetals and Non-metals

Say whether these elements are metals, non-Say whether these elements are metals, non-metals or metalloids metals or metalloids

H

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Sc Ti

Mg

V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh

Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt

Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Al P

N O

S Cl

F Ne

Ar

Rn

I

Si

Xe

He

B C

As

Silicon (Si) MetalloidFrancium (Fr) MetalScandium (Sc) MetalKrypton (Kr) Non-metalCobalt (Co) Metal

Activity

The modern Periodic TableThe modern Periodic Table

Dimitri Mendleev developed the Dimitri Mendleev developed the modern periodic table.modern periodic table.

He arranged the elements in He arranged the elements in increasing atomic number and increasing atomic number and elements with similar properties elements with similar properties were put in the same group. He left were put in the same group. He left spaces where he thought elements spaces where he thought elements were yet to be discovered.were yet to be discovered.

SymbolsSymbols

Give the symbols for the following Give the symbols for the following elements:-elements:-

IronIron LeadLead SodiumSodium PotassiumPotassium

Write a definition for an Element Write a definition for an Element and a Compoundand a Compound

Element is made up of only one type Element is made up of only one type of atom.of atom.

Compound is made up of 2 or more Compound is made up of 2 or more different types of atoms of elements different types of atoms of elements that have been chemically combined.that have been chemically combined.

What is the difference between What is the difference between Copper sulphide and Copper Copper sulphide and Copper Sulphate?Sulphate?

Atomic no. and Mass no.Atomic no. and Mass no. Next to each element is 2 no.sNext to each element is 2 no.se.g. 23e.g. 23

NaNa 1111

Which one is the atomic number and the mass Which one is the atomic number and the mass number?number?

What does the Mass number tell you? What What does the Mass number tell you? What does the atomic number tell you?does the atomic number tell you?

The bigger No. =Mass No.=Neutrons + ProtonsThe bigger No. =Mass No.=Neutrons + Protons The smaller No = Atomic No.= Protons The smaller No = Atomic No.= Protons REMEMBER Protons = ElectronsREMEMBER Protons = Electrons Elements are arranged in order of increasing Elements are arranged in order of increasing

atomic number.atomic number.

Groups What does this tell you?Groups What does this tell you? The number of electrons in the outer The number of electrons in the outer

shell represents the group number… shell represents the group number… What is similar about Group 2 elements?What is similar about Group 2 elements? All elements in group 2 have 2 electrons All elements in group 2 have 2 electrons

in their outer shell.in their outer shell. All elements in the same group have All elements in the same group have

similar properties because they have the similar properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer same number of electrons in their outer shellshell

GROUP 7 HALOGENSGROUP 7 HALOGENS

HalogenHalogen Physical Physical StateState

ColourColour BP and BP and MPMP

ReactiviReactivityty

FF gasgas YellowYellow

ClCl gasgas GreenGreen

BrBr liquid liquid BrownBrown

II solid solid Dark Dark greygrey

DECREASES

INCREASES

Reactivity for group 7Reactivity for group 7

Reactivity decreases as you go down Reactivity decreases as you go down the group. So fluorine is the most the group. So fluorine is the most reactive of the group.reactive of the group.

7 electrons in the outer shell.7 electrons in the outer shell. Elements in group 7 react in similar Elements in group 7 react in similar

ways i.e. they all react with sodium.ways i.e. they all react with sodium.

Compare group 1 metalsCompare group 1 metals Group 1; Lithium, sodium, potassium are Group 1; Lithium, sodium, potassium are

all metals which have a relatively all metals which have a relatively low low melting and boiling pointmelting and boiling point..

They have They have 1 electron 1 electron in their outer shell.in their outer shell. Reactivity increasesReactivity increases as you as you go downgo down

the group. So Francium is the most the group. So Francium is the most reactive element in group 1.reactive element in group 1.

Elements in group 1 all react with water Elements in group 1 all react with water to produce an alkali and hydrogen.to produce an alkali and hydrogen.

Sc1 SkillsSc1 Skills Fair testFair test Graphs:-Graphs:-

1.1.Choose an appropriate scaleChoose an appropriate scale

2.2.Plot points carefullyPlot points carefully

3.3.UNITS.UNITS.

4.4.Line/curve of best fitLine/curve of best fit

QWC…QWC…

Longer answers should read wellLonger answers should read well Science terminology.Science terminology. Do not repeat questionDo not repeat question

Pointers for test…Pointers for test…Density measured in g/cmDensity measured in g/cm33

So it is mass divided by volume So it is mass divided by volume occupiedoccupied

When interpreting data refer to what When interpreting data refer to what is given in the question i.e X, Y and Zis given in the question i.e X, Y and Z

Do not start calling them the noble Do not start calling them the noble gases because you think they are gases because you think they are unlessunless asked which group you think asked which group you think they are.they are.

Pointers for test…Pointers for test…If you are asked to compare data If you are asked to compare data

i.e. predictions to actual results i.e. predictions to actual results give specific details from give specific details from predicted AND actual results i.e. I predicted AND actual results i.e. I think the boiling point was think the boiling point was predicted correctly as predicted correctly as predicted predicted result was 32result was 32o o and actual result is and actual result is 3030o.o.