The Periodic Table Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table.
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Transcript of The Periodic Table Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table.
The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table
Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table
Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table
Skim Section 1 of your book. Write three questions that come to mind from reading the headings and looking at the
illustrations.
Skim Section 1 of your book. Write three questions that come to mind from reading the headings and looking at the
illustrations.
1. How was the periodic table developed?
2. What are metals, nonmetals and metalloids?
3. How is the periodic table organized?
1. How was the periodic table developed?
2. What are metals, nonmetals and metalloids?
3. How is the periodic table organized?
New VocabularyNew Vocabulary
column of elements in the periodic table that have similar physical or chemical properties.
element that shares some properties with metals and some with nonmentals
element in Groups 1, 2, or 13-18
element that has a shiny luster, is a good conductor of heat and electricity, is malleable, and is ductile
element in Groups 3-12
element that is usually a gas or brittle solid at room temperature and does not conduct heat and electricity well
row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change gradually
group
metalloid
representativeelement
metal
transition metal
nonmetal
period
Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table
Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table
History of the Periodic TableHistory of the Periodic Table
AA. Arranged elements according to increasing atomic . Arranged elements according to increasing atomic massmassBB. Placed elements with similar properties in groups. Placed elements with similar properties in groups
CC. Left spaces for predicted missing elements. Left spaces for predicted missing elements
II. Moseley’s contributionsII. Moseley’s contributions
AA. Arranged elements according to atomic number. Arranged elements according to atomic numberBB. Showed how many elements had not yet been . Showed how many elements had not yet been found.found.
I. Mendeleev’s contributionsI. Mendeleev’s contributions
Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table
Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table
DistinguishDistinguish a a periodperiod from a from a groupgroup by completing the by completing the sentences.sentences.
A period A period is is
A group is A group is
a row of a row of elements. elements.
column of elements with similar column of elements with similar properties. properties.
MetalsMetals NonmetalsNonmetals MetalloidsMetalloids
• shinyshiny• malleable malleable (hammer)(hammer)• ductile (wires)ductile (wires)• good conductorgood conductor of heat, electricityof heat, electricity• solidssolids
• dulldull• brittle (break)brittle (break)• not good not good conductorsconductors• many are gasesmany are gases
• share some share some properties withproperties withmetals and somemetals and somewith nonmetalswith nonmetals• semimetalsemimetal
HydrogenHydrogen element nameelement name11 atomic numberatomic numbersymbolsymbol
atomic massatomic mass1.0081.008 state of matterstate of matter
LABELLABEL the block below with the information you the block below with the information you would find about hydrogen in its element key.would find about hydrogen in its element key.
GROUPS
PERIODS
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Section 2 Representative Elements
A. Groups 1 and 2 are __________________ metals found in nature combined with other elements although hydrogen is placed in Group 1, it is not a metal and shares properties with Groups 1 & 17.
1. ______________________ - silvery solids with low densities and low melting points; they increase in reactivity from top to bottom of the periodic table.
2. _______________________________ are denser, harder, have higher melting points and are slightly less active than alkali metals in the same period.
B. Groups 13 through 18 may contain ___________________, _______________________, or
__________________________ in solid, liquid, or gas form.
1. The ______________________ elements in Group 13 are all metals, except for boron, which is a metalloid; these elements are used in a variety of products.
2. The ______________________ are all metalloids or metals, except for carbon itself.
A. Carbon is found in all _____________________________ and exists in several forms.
B. Silicon and germanium are used in electronics as ____________________________.
C. Tin and ____________________ are the two heaviest elements in Group 14.
ACTIVE
ALKALI METALS
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
METALS NONMETALS
METALLOIDS
BORON FAMILY
CARBON GROUP
LIVING THINGS
SEMICONDUCTORS
LEAD
Section 2 Representative Elements
3. The _____________________________ contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which are required by living things and which are used in industry.
4. The _____________________________ contains oxygen and sulfur, which are essential for life and used to manufacture many products.
5. The _____________________________ elements form salts with sodium and with the other alkali metals.
6. The ________________________ rarely combine with other elements; they are often used in lighting and inflating balloons.
NITROGEN GROUP
OXYGEN FAMILY
HALOGEN GROUP
NOBLE GASES
Groups 1 and 2: Summarize the properties of the alkali metals.
DensityDensity
Color & Color & StateState
AlkaliAlkaliMetalsMetals
Melting Melting PointPoint
ReactivityReactivity
LOWLOW
SILVERY SOLIDSSILVERY SOLIDS LOWLOW
HIGH; INCREASES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
HIGH; INCREASES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
Compare and contrast: the alkaline earth metals and the alkali metals.The alkaline earth metals are harder, denser and have higher melting points than the alkali metals. The alkali metals are more reactive.
All the elements in group 13 are ____________ except
_____________, which is a metalloid. The elements in this
family are used to make many different things. Pots and
pans made with ______________ can move straight from
the refrigerator to the oven without cracking. ____________
is used to make soft drink cans. ______________, which
will melt in your hands, is used to make computer chips.
Groups 13 through 18: Summarize the information about elements in the Boron Family by filling in the missing words.
METALS
BORON
BORON
ALUMINUM
GALLIUM
COMPARE the elements in the carbon group
Metal, Non-metal, or
Metalloid?
Where it is Found or How it is Used?
Carbon nonmetal
Silicon metalloid
Germanium metalloid
Tin metal
Lead metal
occurs in all living thingsoccurs in all living things
abundant in sandabundant in sand
semiconductors in electronicssemiconductors in electronics
used in toothpasteused in toothpaste
used in X-ray equipmentused in X-ray equipment
Section 2 Representative Elements
Complete the outline to identify important points about certain elements in Groups 15 and 16.
I. Group 15
A. __________________: makes up about 80% of the air you breathe.
B. Phosphorus: ____________________________________________________________.
II. Group 16
A. Oxygen: _________________________________________________________________.
B. __________________: combines with hydrogen and oxygen to make sulfuric acid, one of
of the most commonly used chemicals.
C. Selenium: ________________________________________________________________.
IDENTIFY at least one important fact about each group of elements.
Halogens: _______________________________________________________________________________.
Noble Gases: ______________________________________________________________________________.
NitrogenNitrogen
important for healthy bones and teethimportant for healthy bones and teeth
needed by your body to get energy from foodneeded by your body to get energy from food
SulfurSulfur
conducts electricity when it is in lightconducts electricity when it is in light
makes salts with sodium and other alkali metalsmakes salts with sodium and other alkali metals
often do not combine with other elementsoften do not combine with other elements
Catalyst: Catalyst: substance that can substance that can make something happen faster make something happen faster but is not changed itself.but is not changed itself.
Section 3 Transition Elements
IDENTIFY four key characteristics of the transition elements IDENTIFY four key characteristics of the transition elements including their location in the periodic table.including their location in the periodic table.
1. _________________________________________________________1. _________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________2. _________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________3. _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________4. _________________________________________________________
Located in groups 3-12
All are metals
Properties change less across a period for transition elements than they do for representative elements
Most are found combined in ores
Section 3 Transition Elements
Iron TriadIron Triad
What these elements have in common: What these elements have in common: ____________________________________________________
magnetic and other properties
Element: ________ Element: ________ Uses: Uses:
iron
part of hemoglobin; mixed with other metals to make steel
Element: ________ Element: ________ Uses: Uses:
cobalt
used in large magnets
Element: ________ Element: ________ Uses: Uses:
nickel
used in batteries and large magnets
Identify uses of transition elements.
Elements Uses
Tungsten
Mercury
Elements in Platinum Group
used to make filaments in lightbulbs
used in thermometers and barometers
used as catalysts to make electronics, plastics and medicines
Lanthanides Actinides
Properties
Uses
soft metals; cut with a knife; hard to separate
from ores
radioactive; most are synthetic (man-made)
used in flints; color TV screens
fuel in nuclear powerplants; smoke detectors;
kill cancer cells
Compare and Contrast the lanthanides and actinides
Using a particle accelerator scientists make ____________________________
_____________________________________________. The nuclei
___________________________ to form _________________________________.
Some of these elements are _________________________ and last only
_____________________________________.
Summarize how scientists create synthetic elements.
Identify two ways dentists and orthodontists use transition elements.
1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
the nuclei of atomsthe nuclei of atomscrash into one another at high crash into one another at high
speedsspeedsmay stick togethermay stick together new, heavier new, heavier
elementselementsvery unstablevery unstable
a fraction of a a fraction of a secondsecond
Amalgam fillings include Amalgam fillings include mercury.mercury.
Orthodontists use nickel and titanium alloys Orthodontists use nickel and titanium alloys for wires.for wires.
silvery solids with low densities
found in many things - salts & foods
Lose 1 electron
GROUP 1: ALKALI METALS
denser and harder than alkali metals
not as reactive
Lose 2 electrons
GROUP 2: ALKALINE EARTH METALS
carbon is found in all living things
silicon is in sand and used as semiconductor
Gain or Lose 4 electrons
GROUP 14: CARBON GROUP
nitrogen makes up 80% of the air; it’s absorbed in the body by eating plants
phosphorus is used in matches
Gain 3 electrons
GROUP 15: NITROGEN GROUP
OX
YG
EN
FA
MIL
Y
NIT
RO
GEN
FA
MIL
Y
CA
RB
ON
G
RO
UP
BO
RO
N
FAM
ILY
ALK
ALI
NE
EA
RTH
M
ETA
LSALK
ALI
M
ETA
LS
oxygen is essential for life; makes up 20% of Earth’s atmosphere (ozone)
sulfur is used in paints and fertilizers
Gain 2 electrons
GROUP 16: OXYGEN FAMILY
HA
LOG
EN
SOX
YG
EN
FA
MIL
Y
NIT
RO
GEN
FA
MIL
Y
CA
RB
ON
G
RO
UP
BO
RO
N
FAM
ILY
ALK
ALI
NE
EA
RTH
M
ETA
LSALK
ALI
M
ETA
LS
the salt formers - combine with alkali metals (NaCl)
chlorine is used to kill bacteria in water (swimming pool)
Gain 1 electron
GROUP 17: THE HALOGENS
HA
LOG
EN
SOX
YG
EN
FA
MIL
Y
NIT
RO
GEN
FA
MIL
Y
CA
RB
ON
G
RO
UP
BO
RO
N
FAM
ILY
ALK
ALI
NE
EA
RTH
M
ETA
LSALK
ALI
M
ETA
LS N
OB
LE
GA
SES
all gases
do not like to combine with other elements
used in lightbulbs, lights
GAIN/LOSE 0 ELECTRONS
GROUP 18: THE NOBLE GASES
LANTHANIDES
HA
LOG
EN
SOX
YG
EN
FA
MIL
Y
NIT
RO
GEN
FA
MIL
Y
CA
RB
ON
G
RO
UP
BO
RO
N
FAM
ILY
ALK
ALI
NE
EA
RTH
M
ETA
LSALK
ALI
M
ETA
LS N
OB
LE
GA
SES
ACTINIDES
LANTHANIDES
HA
LOG
EN
SOX
YG
EN
FA
MIL
Y
NIT
RO
GEN
FA
MIL
Y
CA
RB
ON
G
RO
UP
BO
RO
N
FAM
ILY
ALK
ALI
NE
EA
RTH
M
ETA
LSALK
ALI
M
ETA
LS N
OB
LE
GA
SES
ACTINIDES
LANTHANIDES
HA
LOG
EN
SOX
YG
EN
FA
MIL
Y
NIT
RO
GEN
FA
MIL
Y
CA
RB
ON
G
RO
UP
BO
RO
N
FAM
ILY
ALK
ALI
NE
EA
RTH
M
ETA
LSALK
ALI
M
ETA
LS N
OB
LE
GA
SES
IRON TRIAD