Tool Thiết Kế Tuyến Viba

8/10/2019 Tool Thit K Tuyn Viba

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1 Freq. Desig. Linkend A : High 2030

Mandatory dd mm ss 1To Play with Lattitude 28 52 16 NResults Longitude 77 17 57.7 E

Decimal: 28.8711 77.2994 0

21.7089214 km

3

B 7 GHz

2 7.561 GHz

21.71 Km

2

1.2 #######

1.8 4

4 Te

24 dBm

-69 dBm

-97 dB

SDH Radio Category Config:

13 1

0dB

40 C

20 g/m3

1000 mb

Loss free space 136.754781 dB

Rx Level : -36.1094 dBm 36.1094

Flat Fade Margin : 32.8906 dBm

Frequency 7.561 GHz

d1 0.5 Km

d2 21.21 Km

Hop Length(d) 21.71 Km

1st. Fresnel Radius 4.4 m

Icumulative -98 dBm

FkTB

Water Vap. Density

Radio Threshold

FREE SPACE LOSS

Pressure

Rain Region

Hop length

Tx Power

Polarization

Radio Type

Operating Frequency Sub-Band

Operating Frequency

Tx-Power has been set within Range!

Total Noise Power = -114 dBm/MHz + 10*LOG(noise BW)+10*LOG(NF)

Rx LEVEL

Threshold= C/N + NF+ BW +kT [ All in dB,i.e., 10*LOG value]

Antenna selection OK

FRESNEL RADIUS

Radio selection Successful !

WARNING !!

THRESHOLD DEGRADATION

Feeder Losses

Temperature

Antenna Dia in mtr @ End A

Antenna Dia in mtr @ End B

Frequency Band

Azimuth

N

Vertical

Hop Length :

NERA INTERLINK

1+0

18 GHz 15 GHz 7 GHz


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Site AMSL

A 210 m

B 220 m

Hop Length 21.71 km

Kfactor 0.666666667 3

13.79 m

N

Antenna Height @ Linkend A 35

Antenna Height @ Linkend B 23

14 Mtr8.05 Mtr

Height @ A 43 m Terrain Details

Height @ B 30 m Particularsstance

from A AMSL

stac e

Height

resne

radii AGL Obstruction

2030 0 210 10 0 220 220

X1 5 210 10 12.3424052 232.3424052 220

X2 10 212 5 14.6118438 231.6118438 217

X3 15 210 10 13.5466984 233.5466984 220

X4 18 215 5 11.0344268 231.0344268 220

X5 20 220 5 7.89659065 232.8965907 225

HSIDC-Kundl 21.71 220 10 0 230 230

Path Profile: Freq 7

Site A : 2030 Site B : HSIDC-Kundli Link Ends Hop Leng AMSL Ant Hts Ant Hts AMS Max F1 Ref+28 52' 16" 28 51' 36.1" 0 21.71 210 43 253 0 253

77 17' 57.7" 77 4' 35.9" 10.855 21.71 215 251.5 15.2334054 266.7

21.71 21.71 220 30 250 0 250

Pol Freq 10.855 236.2

Vertical F2 0 253

Antenna Height Estimation

Back to Sheet: Calculations

233.5467

Extra Attenuation Due to Obstructio

Clearance to Direct Path:1stFresnel Clearance:

Max Earth Bulge,heb

Want to Fix the Antenna Ht !

200

220

240

260

280

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

AMSL(m)

Hop Length ( Km )

PATH - PROFILE

Freznel Zone Actual Terrain Terrain Approximated Over Obstacles


3/23

Frequency of Operation 7.00 GHz

Tx Power 28.00 dBm

Tx Antenna Dia, m 2.40 42.33

Rx Antenna Dia, m 2.40 42.33

Feeder Loss 0.00 dB

Branching Losses 0.00 dB Hop Length: Reppassive to Site A:Path1 9.00 Km

Other Losses ( Attenuation, ThDeg) 0.00 dB Hop Length: Reppassive to Site B:Path2 13.00 KmAttenuation due to Atmos. Gases 0.00 dB

Free Space Loss- Path1: Lfs1 128.44 dB

Free Space Loss- Path2: Lfs2 131.63 dB Repeater Ant1Dia, m 2.40 42.33

Repeater Ant2Dia, m 2.40 42.33

Rx Signal Level -64.76 dBm Coupling Loss Between Antennas, Lc 2.00 dB

Rx Level at Active Sites :

Gain: G1, G2

Gain: Gr1, Gr2

Back-to-Back coupled Passive Receiver

Site ASite B

G1

G2Gr1

Gr2Lfs1

Lfs2Lc

Reppassive


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Antenna Dia Antenna Gain K-values

0.3 34 H Y 1 1/3

0.6 38.7 V N 1.00

1.2 44.9 2/3

1.8 48 1/3

2.4

3.0Link Availability

Climate Factor Cf

1 Average 0.25

2 Dry 0.1

3 Humid 0.5

Terrain Factor Tf

1 Average 1

2 Mountainous 0.25

3 Smooth 4


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Antenna Dai Antenna Gain Antenna Dai Antenna Gain Frequency:

0.3 31.9 1.2 36.4 1 F1

0.6 36.6 15 GHz 1.8 40.5 7 GHz 2 F2

1.2 42.6 2.4 42.5 3 F3

1.8 46 3.0 44.5 4 F4

5 F5

6 F6



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Hi 1 18

7.610 2 15

7.638 3 7

7.666

7.694

0

0


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Frequency Kh Kv Alpha_H Alpha_V

1 0.0000387 0.0000352 0.9116 0.8802 INTERPOLATION

2 0.000154 0.000138 0.9632 0.9234 fx 18 Ghz

4 0.00065 0.000591 1.121 1.075 f1 15 Ghz

6 0.00175 0.00155 1.308 1.265 f2 20 Ghz

7 0.00301 0.00265 1.132 1.3128 0.00454 0.00395 1.327 1.31 Alpha_h 0.057776

10 0.0101 0.00887 1.276 1.264 Alpha_v 0.053005

12 0.0188 0.0168 1.217 1.2

15 0.0367 0.0335 1.154 1.128 Kh 1.119143

18 0.05777621 0.0530054 1.11914317 1.088073084 Kv 1.08807320 0.0751 0.0691 1.099 1.065

25 0.1244 0.113 1.061 1.03

30 0.1871 0.1674 1.02 0.9997

35 0.2629 0.2334 0.9789 0.9633

40 0.3495 0.3098 0.9391 0.9287

45 0.4424 0.3932 0.9032 0.8965

50 0.5362 0.4793 0.8725 0.868360 0.7069 0.6419 0.8621 0.8243

70 0.8514 0.7836 0.793 0.7925

80 0.9753 0.9063 0.7687 0.7693

90 1.064 0.9992 0.7529 0.7537

100 1.12 1.06 0.743 0.744

120 1.18 1.13 0.731 0.732

150 1.31 1.27 0.71 0.711

200 1.45 1.42 0.689 0.69

300 1.36 1.35 0.688 0.689

400 1.32 1.31 0.683 0.684



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%age of Time Rain

Region 1 0.3 0.1 0.03 0.01 0.003 0.001

A 0.12 0.8 2 5 8 14 22

B 0.5 2 3 6 12 21 32

C 0.7 2.8 5 9 15 26 42

D 2.1 4.5 8 13 19 29 42

E 0.6 2.4 6 12 22 41 70

F 1.7 4.5 8 15 28 54 78

G 3 7 12 20 30 45 65

H 2 4 10 18 32 55 83

J 8 13 20 28 35 45 55

K 1.5 4.2 12 23 42 70 100

L 2 7 15 33 60 105 150

M 4 11 22 40 63 95 120

N 5 15 35 65 95 140 180P 12 34 65 105 145 200 250

Q 24 49 72 96 115 142 170



10/23

NOKIA FLEXIHOPPER

Frequency Duplex Frq.

Sig. Width.( Ghz) Notch Depth, Bn(dB) Sig. Width.( Ghz)

13 154 0.026 13.1 0.026

15 420 0.03 10.8 0.03

18 1010 0.031 10.7 0.031

NERA CITYLINK

Frequency Duplex Frq.

Sig. Width.( Ghz) Notch Depth, Bn(dB) Sig. Width.( Ghz)

15 420 0.026 17 0.026

NERA INTERLINK

7 154 0.026 17 0.026

CERAGON:FibeAir 3128

15 420 0.026 17 0.026

RADIO TYPE Radio Name THRESHOLD @^ -6 FkTB Max Tx-Poer

1 NOK FLEXI HOPPER -77 -97 18

2 NERA CITYLINK -69 -97 19.5

3 CERAGON:FibeAir 3128 -68 -97 18

4 NERA INTERLINK -69 -97 28

Back to Sheet: Calculation

Min. Phase Non-Mi

Non-MiMin. Phase


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N.A.

Tx-Power Out of Range !

Notch Depth, Bn(dB) Freq Out of Range !

13.1 Radio selection Successful !

10.7 Radio dos'nt support this FREQ !

10.6 FREQ selection Successful !Tx-Power has been set within Range!

Antenna size not available in this band

Antenna selection OK

Notch Depth, Bn(dB)

17

17

17

C/I @ 10^-6 BER Category

23 PDH

26 SDH

28 SDH

26 SDH

n. Phase

n. Phase


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Coefficient, U 41.35738 dB

Coefficient, V 19.002

Path Attenuation,A0.01 6.32299 dB

Equivalent Path Attn.,Ap 6.429807 dB

Parameter ,m 21.58747

Parameter, n -2.02334

GEOCLIMATIC FACTOR CALCULATION

Terrain C0 (dB) Lattitude

1 Low Altitudes, 0-400m, Plains 0 53 S >= Lat 60 N or S

3 Medium Altitudes, 400-700m, Plains 2.5 Lat >= 60 N or S

4 Medium Altitudes, 400-700m, Hills 6

5 High Altitudes,>700m, Plains 5.5

6 High Altitudes,>700m, Hills 8

7 High Altitudes,>700m, Mountains 10.5

Calculated Value 3.5

BACK to "Calculation"

OUTAGE DUE TO PRECIPITATION EFFECTS FO

Yw

Y0Yp

ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION


13/23

0.9871670.004792 dB/Km

0.006938 dB/Km

CLat(dB) Globe CLong(dB)

0 Europe & Africa 3

-24.1289 North and South America -3

7 Others 0

0 0

CO_CHANNEL SYSTEMS


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Wireless Supporting Information

Free-space Loss.The Friis free-space propagation equation is commonly used to determine the attenuation of a

signal due to spreading of the electromagnetic wave.

Free space loss is given as:

Attenuation (dB) = 92.467 + 20 log10(fGHz) + 20 log10(Dkm); or,Attenuation (dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10(fGHz) + 20 log10(Dmi)

Where: fGHz= frequency in GHz, and

Dkm= distance between antennas (link) in kilometers; or,

Dmi= distance between antennas (link) in miles.

Frequencies above 10 GHz.For frequencies above 10 GHz there are several additional issues that effect

propagation, including:

Absorption due to gasses or water vapor;

Attenuation due to mist, fog, or rainfall.

Many gasses and pollutants have absorption lines in the millimeter bands but, due to their low densities, their effec

is negligible in microwave and millimeter wave frequencies below 30 GHz. Water vapor, though, has an absorption

line at 22.235 GHz and can effect microwave frequencies above 10 GHz. The amount of water vapor in the

atmosphere at sea level can vary from 0.001 grams per cubic meter in a cold, dry climate to as much as 30 grams

cubic meter in hot, humid climates. In addition, the effects of precipitation can be significant at microwave

frequencies above 10 GHz. The attenuation due to rainfall is dependent on the size and distribution of the water

droplets. Because snowfall rates are generally less than rainfall rates, propagation is less effected by snowfall. For

both snow and fog, the attenuation loss is a function of temperature and can vary by a factor of 3 between 0C and

40C .

Total transmission loss for a microwave/millimeter link is given by Freeman as:

Attenuation (dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10(fGHz) + 20 log10(Dmi) + excess attenuation (dB) due to water vapor, mist,

and rainfall.

Where: fGHz= frequency in GHz, and

Dmi= distance between antennas (link) in miles.

Total Path Loss. The total path loss (dB) is the gain of both antennas (dB) added together, minus the free space

loss (dB) and any additional loss (water vapor, mist, fog, rainfall, and Fresnel reflection loss).

Fading.Fades, or variations with time, in path loss are encountered during abnormal propagation conditions. The

most common type of fading is that due to multipath transmission. Combinations of irregularities and fluctuations i

atmospheric temperature, humidity, and pressure cause more than one and often many propagation paths to exist

between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna. As the atmospheric conditions vary, the routes and

distances of paths also vary, causing signals of differing phases and amplitudes to arrive at the receiving antenna

the same instant. Multipath, or interference, fading is characterized by rapid fluctuations of received carrier power.

Fade Margin.Fade margin is the depth of fade, expressed in dB, that a microwave receiver can tolerate while

still maintaining acceptable circuit quality .

Fresnel Loss.The primary component to path loss is the free-space signal loss from the transmitting antenna to

the receiving antenna. But additional path loss may also exist from multi-path reflections (sometimes called Fresne

reflective loss) due to reflective surfaces such as water near the direct wave, and intervening obstacles such as

buildings, mountain peaks, etc., in the Fresnel zone.

Fresnel Zone.Fresnel (fr nel'), named after Jean Augustin Fresnel, 1788-1827, French physicist. The Fresnel

zone is an elliptically shaped conical zone of power that propagates from the transmitting antenna to the receiving


15/23

antenna due to cancellation of some part of the wavefront by other parts that travel different distances. If the total

path distance between the transmitting antenna, mountain peak, and receiving antenna is one wavelength greater

the direct distance between antennas, then the clearance is said to be two Fresnel zones.

The first Fresnel zone: R = 72.1 ((d1mi)(d2mi) / (Dt)(f))

Fresnel boundaries.The outer boundary of the first Fresnel zone is defined as the additional path length of all

paths, which are one-half wavelength (1/2 ) of the frequency transmitted longer than the direct line-of-sight pathbetween antennas. If the total path distance is one wavelength (1) longer than the direct path, then the outer

boundary is said to be two Fresnel zones. There are an infinite number of Fresnel zones located coaxially around t

center of the direct wave path. Odd number Fresnel zones reinforce the direct wave path and even order number

Fresnel zones cancel the direct wave path.

Clearance.For reliability, point-to point links are designed to have at least 0.6 of the first Fresnel zone clearance

from any obstruction from all sides (top, bottom, left and right of the first Fresnel zone).

Refraction.The earth's curvature, as well as atmospheric conditions (temperature, pressure, and water vapor), ca

refract or bend electromagnetic waves either up, away from, or down toward the earth's surface. This bending can

change frequently, hour to hour, day to night, season to season, and weather pattern to weather pattern. Refractivi

is usually greatest close to the earth's surface and becomes smaller the higher above the surface you go. Tocompensate for this effect, a refractivity gradient, or 'K' factor, is used when designing point-to-point communicatio

links. The 'K' factor is the ratio of the effective Earth radius to the actual Earth radius. A 'K' factor of 1 indicates no

bending of the signal; a 'K' factor of less than one means the electromagnetic wave is bent up, away from the surfa

A 'K' factor greater than one indicates a slight bending downward, towards the earth. The 'K' factor value commonl

used for microwave links is 1.333 (4/3) for normal atmospheric conditions, which means that the radio horizon is

further away than the visual horizon.

Earth's curvature at obstruction: h = ((d1mi)(d2mi) / (1.5)(K)) ft

Antenna Gain.For a paraboloid reflector microwave antenna (greater than 960 MHz) consisting of a dishshaped

surface illuminated by a feed horn mounted at the focus of the reflector, the antenna gain is given as [6]:

Antenna Gain (dBi) = 20 log10(Dft) + 20 log10(fGHz) + 7.5; or,Antenna Gain (dBi) = 20 log10(Dm) + 20 log10(fGHz) + 17.82

Where: dBi = decibels over an isotropic radiator

Dft= Antenna dish diameter in feet; or,

Dm= Antenna dish diameter in meters, and

fGHz= Frequency in GHz.

Note:The above formula is based on the efficiency of a paraboloid antenna being on the order 55%. Some

manufacturers may be able to improve on this number, therefore, the gain given by a manufacturer for a specific

antenna should be used, when available, otherwise the above formula will suffice.

The general formula for computing the gain of any antenna is given as: 4A / 2

where A = effective area of antenna ( efiiciency of 55% for a parabolic dish reflector antenna)

= wave length

Area and Wavelength must be in same unit (feet, meters, etc.)

Beamwidth.Antenna beamwidth refers to the width of the main radiated beam (main lobe) between two equal

power levels that are 3 dB down from the peak power of the center of the main beam. Antenna gain and beamwidt

are interrelated quantities and are inversely proportional; thus the higher the gain an antenna has, the smaller the

beamwidth[3]. Therefore, increased care must be taken when aligning high gain antennas to insure that the anten

accurately aligned on the center of the main beamwhich could be only a few degrees wide. For example; a 6-foo

parabolic dish antenna at 6 GHz has an antenna gain of 38.63 dB and a beamwidth of only 1.91.

Beam Width is given as:


16/23

(70 * cm 100) (antenna ft * 0.3048), or(70 * cm 100) antenna meterswhere cm= wave length in centimeters

Radiation Fields.There are three traditional radiation fields (regions) in free space as a result of the radiated

power of an antenna. These three radiation fields are known as:

1.The near-field, also called the reactive near-field region, is that region that is closest to the antenna and

for which the reactive field dominates over the radiative fields.

2.The, Fresnel zone, also called the radiating near-field, is that region between the reactive near-field and

the far-field regions and is the region in which the radiation fields dominate and where the angular field

distribution depends on distance from the antenna (see earlier definition of Fresnel Zone).

3. The far-field, or Rayleigh distance (historically called the Fraunhofer region), is that region where the

radiation pattern is independent of distance.

Polarization.The polarization of an antenna refers to the orientation of the electric field vector in the radiated

wave. For linear polarization (horizontal or vertical), the vector remains in one plane as the wave propagates throu

space. To eliminate polarization mismatch loss, the receiving antenna must have the same polarization orientation

the transmitting antenna (Note: If the waveguide connection at the antenna is vertically oriented, the antenna is

said to have horizontal polarization, and vice-versa).


17/23

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18/23

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19/23

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20/23

How To Use : The Guidelines...Important:If the file name is changed from the supplied "Link Planning Tool.xls," some of the macros will not

function properly. It would be best to save the completed workbook under a new name, then start on new

systems with the original file.Here is the description for using the utility:

1. We mainly enter the parameter value into the sheet "Calculations".

a. Entries shown inYELLOWcells are mandatory.

b. Entries shown in GREYcells are to play with in order to

get the desired result wrt Standard Link Design Criteria.

c. Entries shown in LIGHT BROWNare ONE-TIME entries like

temperature, pressure etc.

PASSWORDS: Sheet "Calculations" : Password "link"

Sheet "Antenna Heights": Password "antennae "

Sheet "Report": Password "report"

Sheet "DB_Ant1(18Ghz)": Password "antennae "

Sheet "DB_Ant2(15Ghz)": Password "antennae "

Sheet "DB_RadioEqpt": Password "radio "

Sheet "PassiveRepeater": Password "passive "

Above Passwords are activated.

Please be careful while making any change to Sheet "Calculations" for

it contains the most important formulae.

The "Calculation" sheet looks up for the required data :

a. For Antennae (of 18 GHz band) from the sheet: "DB_Ant1 (18GHz)

Using the Password sizes and gains can be modified.

Note that only FOUR sizes are permissible to provide into

this sheet.

b. For Antennae (of 15 GHz band) and Frequency of

Operation from the sheet:"DB_Ant2 (15GHz). Using Password sizes and gains can be modified. Note that

only FOUR antennae sizes EIGHT Frequencies in TWO

separate bands can be used. Also do not change the

frequency named F1,F2,....F6,G1,G2.Only their respective

values can be changed.

c. For Radio Specific Data form the sheet:DB_RadioEqpt.

Using Password we can also modify the Radio Names,

their signature data and Radio Parameters. Here THREE

different type of Radios can be used.

2. The Sheet "Antenna Heights" is to calculate the antennae

heights based on LOS survey feedback data.

3. The Sheet "Report" is just the compilation of information used in link implementation.

This is to bring to your kind notice that formulae used into this workbook are as per ITU-T.As I'm using the Tool

like Nokia's NETACT PLANNER and CTE's PATHLOSS, I've observed the similar results at least for Link Design

NEW (v2): Passive Repeater worksheet


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Back-to-back coupled Passive Repeater calculations. Use: 'passive' to unlock the worksheet to edit values.

Hope this will suffice. For further clarification/suggestion feel free to contact under signed.

NEW (v3): Selection Buttons

To make this spreadsheet more useful I have made this spreadsheet more user friendly by putting some"buttons" so that one can select the values by using these buttons without typing or looking for the other sheets.

NEW (v4): Graphical Link Analysis

Provision to view/analyse the link graphically ( Addition of : Path Profile) over a approximated Terrain.

NEW (v5): "Technical Information"

A "Technical Information" page has been added in order to have easy understanding of the principles involved in

a Microwave Link Designing. Also, more automated buttons have been added.

NEW (v6): "Technical Information"

Select any one of the THREE frequency bands, namely 15 GHz, 18 GHz and 7 GHz. Each band is provided with

6 frequency spots. The same provision is there for Radio selection too.

Alok K TiwariTransmission Planning

Idea Cellular Ltd - Delhi(INDIA)

[email protected]

Mobile # +91 9891005329

Landline # +91 51679999 Ext- 5338

FAX # +91 51679999 Ext- 5399
mailto:[email protected]?subject=Interested%20in%20your%20spreadsheet%20on%20the%20RF%20Cafe%20websitemailto:[email protected]?subject=Interested%20in%20your%20spreadsheet%20on%20the%20RF%20Cafe%20website


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