Tom Rebold, MPC FLUENCY WITH INFORMATION TECNOLOGY Skills, Concepts, and Capabilities.
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Transcript of Tom Rebold, MPC FLUENCY WITH INFORMATION TECNOLOGY Skills, Concepts, and Capabilities.
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Tom Rebold, MPC
FLUENCY WITH INFORMATION TECNOLOGY
Skills, Concepts, and Capabilities
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Tom Rebold, MPC
Becoming Skilled At Information Technology
PART 1
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Tom Rebold, MPC
MAKING THE CONNECTION
The Basics of Networking
chapter3
How networking has changed society Types of communication technology Internet addresses and DNS servers Internet protocols LANs vs ISPs Internet vs WWW File heirarchy
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Social impact of the internet
• Nowhere is remote – Alaska and New York: equal access to info
• People are more interconnected – Instant messaging or e-mail
• Social relationships are changing – Decline in social interactions
• English is becoming a universal language • More freedom of speech & assembly
– Chat rooms, newsgroups, websites
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Types of communication
• Synchronous—both ends active at the same time (telephones)
• Asynchronous—postcards, answering machine, e-mail
• Broadcast—radio, TV• Multicast—magazines • Point-to-point—telephone • The internet supports all these types (in
modified forms)
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Internet possibilities
• Synchronous—instant messaging, IP phone
• Asynchronous—e-mail
• Broadcast—web site
• Multicast—group e-mail, newsgroup
• Point-to-point—e-mail
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-7
A diagram of the Internet
The network is a medium just like TV or radio
Routers
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-8
Computers connected to the Internet are given IP addresses
IP=Internet Protocol
Domain names are easier to remember
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-9
A domain hierarchy
A domain is a related group of networked computers
This diagram locates: spiff.cs.washington.edutracer.cs.washington.edu
And what else?
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-10
Another View of Domains
Top level domains(all in US)
Also many other countries: .uk .ca .de ...
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-11
Hosts like Spiff make requests to a local DNS server...(for www.mpc.edu)
DNS: domain name systemServer: a computer that serves information
DNS servers look up the IP address of
domain name (132.129.0.57)
Sometimes more than one DNS
server is queried
Request goes to the right IP address
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-12
The TCP/IP postcard analogy.(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
Messages are broken into small units and sent one at a time to their destination
Like sending a novel to your publisher one postcard at a time!
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-13
The Internet makes use of whatever routes are available to deliver packets.
Packets go in many directions
They may even arrive out of order
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-14
A ping from the author’s machine to eth.ch (Switzerland) makes 19 hops
The Internet is a “wide area network” (WAN)
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-15
Robert Metalfe’s original drawing of the Ethernet design; the unlabeled boxes, computers, “tap” onto the wire that Metcalfe has labeled “The Ether.”
Computers in our laboratory are on a “local area network” (LAN) using Ethernet
Computers listen before talking like people at a party
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Connecting to the internet
• You can use an Internet Service Provider (ISP) reached by modem, DSL or cable-modem
• Or use a LAN in a larger organization (intranet) with access to the internet
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Internet vs the World Wide Web (WWW)
• Web server:
– a computer (on the internet) that sends web pages to other computers
– Web servers and web pages together make up the world wide web (WWW)
• To request a web page, you provide the URL
– (Uniform Resource Locator) like www.mpc.edu– Page is sent using hypertext transfer protocol (
http://www.mpc.edu) ( http:// optional )
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Dissecting a URL
www.mpcfaculty.net/tom_rebold/students2/David.html
Server name Path name to web page—Tells which folders its inAnd the file name
The actual page file nameDavid.html
folder folder
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-19
A Web page
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-20
The HTML source that produced the previous web page. Notice that an additional image file, alto.jpg, is also required to display the page.
HTML1. Takes less space 2. Lets browser adjust image
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-21
A hierarchy diagram showing the path between xerox-alto.jpg and the desktop.
Down=deeper into tree, toward the leaves
Up=higher, toward the root
Directory hierarchy
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-22
Locating the web page www.nasm.si.edu/galleries/gal100/pioneer.html on the server www.nasm.si.edu
gal100
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Chap 3 review questions 2. English is becoming the universal language as a result of all
of the following except:A. American pop cultureB. the dominance of science and technology in English-speaking
countriesC. information technology’s predominant use of EnglishD. the Alto Project
3. Overall, the ability of individuals to create and publish Web pages:
A. presents an enormous security riskB. extends human expressionC. has led to a proliferation of hate pages and pornographic sitesD. has unduly diverted huge sums from other IT projects
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Chap 3 review questions
5. If the Internet consisted of four computers, there would be six possible connections. If it consisted of five computers, there would be ten possible connections. How many connections are possible with ten computers?
A. 10B. 30C. 45D. Infinite
1. eCommerce is the shortened term for _____.3. A communication that goes out to many people
within a specific target audience is called a ______.