Today - California State University, Sacramento
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1 1 Today Today Volcanoes Volcanoes Consider These Q uestions Consider These Q uestions If you are feeling anxiety about the next exam is that an If you are feeling anxiety about the next exam is that an example of example of Stress, or Stress, or Strain? Strain? If you get a headache from that anxiety, is that an example If you get a headache from that anxiety, is that an example of of Stress, or Stress, or Strain? Strain? 2 Daily Question Daily Question Assuming that survival is your primary goal, Assuming that survival is your primary goal, which of the following volcanoes would you which of the following volcanoes would you rather be near when it erupts? rather be near when it erupts? A volcano in Hawaii, or A volcano in Hawaii, or A volcano in the Pacific Northwest? A volcano in the Pacific Northwest? AND EXPLAIN WHY AND EXPLAIN WHY 3 World World-wide Distribution of Earthquakes wide Distribution of Earthquakes Figure 6.10 Figure 6.10
Transcript of Today - California State University, Sacramento
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11TodayToday
�� VolcanoesVolcanoes
Consider These Questions
Consider These Questions
�� If you are feeling anxiety about the next exam is that an If you are feeling anxiety about the next exam is that an example ofexample of�� Stress, or Stress, or �� Strain?Strain?
�� If you get a headache from that anxiety, is that an example If you get a headache from that anxiety, is that an example ofof�� Stress, orStress, or�� Strain?Strain?
22Daily QuestionDaily Question
�� Assuming that survival is your primary goal, Assuming that survival is your primary goal, which of the following volcanoes would you which of the following volcanoes would you rather be near when it erupts?rather be near when it erupts?�� A volcano in Hawaii, orA volcano in Hawaii, or�� A volcano in the Pacific Northwest?A volcano in the Pacific Northwest?AND EXPLAIN WHYAND EXPLAIN WHY
33WorldWorld--wide Distribution of Earthquakeswide Distribution of Earthquakes
Figure 6.10Figure 6.10
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44Distribution of Major VolcanoesDistribution of Major Volcanoes
Ring of FireRing of Fire
55The Nature of EruptionsThe Nature of Eruptions
�� Some eruptions are Some eruptions are relatively slow with relatively slow with fluid lava.fluid lava.
Figure 7.4(Kilauea)
PahoehoePahoehoe
aaaa
66The Nature of EruptionsThe Nature of Eruptions
�� Some are explosive Some are explosive and unpredictable.and unpredictable.
Mount Augustine, Cook Inlet, Alaska, 1986
Pyroclastic Material
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77Fluid ViscosityFluid Viscosity
�� Viscosity = resistance to flow.Viscosity = resistance to flow.�� Rank the following fluids in order from least Rank the following fluids in order from least
viscous to most viscous.viscous to most viscous.�� MolassesMolasses�� Water Water �� MilkMilk�� Frozen Yogurt from TCBYFrozen Yogurt from TCBY�� Motor OilMotor Oil
�� List factors that affect the viscosity of a fluid.List factors that affect the viscosity of a fluid.
88Factors that affect the viscosity of magmaFactors that affect the viscosity of magma
��Silica content (SiOSilica content (SiO22))�� TemperatureTemperature�� Dissolved gas contentDissolved gas content
99A question about magma, rock type and A question about magma, rock type and eruption styleeruption style
�� Which of the following volcanic rocks was formed Which of the following volcanic rocks was formed during an explosive eruption?during an explosive eruption?
RhyoliteRhyolite BasaltBasalt
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1010Distribution of Major VolcanoesDistribution of Major Volcanoes
At which of the labeled locations would you expect the At which of the labeled locations would you expect the violent eruptions? violent eruptions? At which would expect fluid magma?At which would expect fluid magma?
HIHI
WAWA YelYel
NewNew
1111Volcano Sizes & ShapesVolcano Sizes & Shapes
Figure 8.B
Shield VolcanoShield Volcano
Composite VolcanoComposite Volcano
Cinder ConeCinder Cone
1212Shield VolcanoShield VolcanoMauna LoaMauna Loa
Figure 7.7
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1313Composite VolcanoComposite VolcanoMt. ShastaMt. Shasta
Figure 7.11
1414Cinder ConeCinder ConeSunset Crater, AZSunset Crater, AZ
Similar to Figure 7.9
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Potentially Active Potentially Active Volcanoes in the Western Volcanoes in the Western
USUS
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1616http://http://vulcanvulcan..wrwr..usgsusgs..govgov/Volcanoes/Cascades//Volcanoes/Cascades/ImageMapsImageMaps//CascadeRangeCascadeRange
/cascade_range.html/cascade_range.html
1717Crater LakeCrater Lake
1818Crater Lake, ORCrater Lake, ORShould be “Caldera Lake”Should be “Caldera Lake”
�� Caldera: A large Caldera: A large depression caused by the depression caused by the collapse of a magma collapse of a magma chamber.chamber.
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1919Crater LakeCrater Lake
2020http://http://vulcanvulcan..wrwr..usgsusgs..govgov/Volcanoes/Cascades//Volcanoes/Cascades/ImageMapsImageMaps//CascadeRangeCascadeRange
/cascade_range.html/cascade_range.html
2121Mt. Saint HelensMt. Saint Helens
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2222Mt. Saint HelensMt. Saint Helens
2323Mt. Saint HelensMt. Saint Helens
http://www.king5.com/s/dws/spe/2005/mount_st_helens/
2424Resurgent Dome, Mt. Saint HelensResurgent Dome, Mt. Saint Helens
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2525LaharLahar Scar & Scar & PyroclasticPyroclastic FlowFlow
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May 1982 Image of Mt. St Helens
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2002 Image of Mt. St Helens
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3131http://http://vulcanvulcan..wrwr..usgsusgs..govgov/Volcanoes/Cascades//Volcanoes/Cascades/ImageMapsImageMaps//CascadeRangeCascadeRange
/cascade_range.html/cascade_range.html
3232Belknap Shield VolcanoBelknap Shield Volcano
3333Flood BasaltsFlood Basalts
Figure 8.17
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Basalt Flows Basalt Flows Near Idaho FallsNear Idaho Falls
Figure 7.18
3535Columbia River BasaltsColumbia River Basalts
3636
Potentially Active Potentially Active Volcanoes in the Western Volcanoes in the Western
USUS
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3737Long Valley CalderaLong Valley Caldera
3838Igneous Igneous
StructuresStructures�� BatholithBatholith�� Dikes & SillsDikes & Sills�� Volcanic NeckVolcanic Neck
Figure 7.19
3939Ship Rock New MexicoShip Rock New Mexico
Figure 7.21
What type of igneous structures are shown in this photograph?
