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Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't. agenciesand their contractors; Critical Technology; 22OCT 1987. Other requests shall be referred toNaval Air Development Center, Warminster, PA18974. This document contains export-controlledtechnical data.

NAWCAD memo dtd 26 Aug 2016; NAWCAD memo dtd 26Aug 2016

.. . , REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

la REPORT SECUR1TY CLASSIFl(AT;QI, am rn211nt1•

2a. SECURITY CLASSIFolA TION AUTHOR! 1 y

NADC-AW-N6207

6• NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Air Development Center

1o RESTR1CTIVI: MARKINGS

3 QISTRIBUTIONIAVAILABIUTY Of REPORT Distr±huti0n limited to U.S. Gov~rnmcnt agencies an<l their contractors; Critical Technolo v· 22 Oct 1987

7a NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION Bureau Of Naval Weapons (RUDC-43)

6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) Department of the Navy

Johnsville, Warminster, PA 18974 Washington, 25 DC

Sa. NAME OF FUNDING /SPONSORING 8b OFFICE SYMBOL 9 PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFIC ORGANIZATION (If applicable)

8c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS

I 1. TITLE (Include StCurity Classification)

Airborne Infrared Oceanographic Mapping (U)

12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) P.M. MOSER

PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

Ila. TYPE OF REPORT Tech.-lical Note

13b TIME COVfRED '1962 ,. 011.11~9~2 RMEPaOyRT3(Year, Month, 0.y) FROMMa 1959 rd.fny o•

16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION Transcript of a talk ~iven on 7, 9, 15 and 30 November 1961

17. COSATI CODES 18 SUBJECT TERMS {Cqntil\Ue on ,everse if necessary •nd lderitify by block number} FIELD GROUP SUB·GROUP Submarine Ant1suomar1ne Surface Effects Propagation

t--~:;;;...-+--:=~-4--...::~.:::.::~:......-1 Wake Infrared Sea Surface Therms 1 Front Detection Airborne Underwater Sound Nonacoustic

19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary •nd identify by block number) (C) WEPTASK RUDC4B000/2021/F001-05-002, Problem Assignment No. 204 was established to per­form studies. establish equipment characteristics, procure equipment and conduct tPchnical and flight evaluations of modified passive infrared line scan surveillance systems to deter­mine their capability for detecting surface wakes generated by the passage of submerged submarines from fixed-wing aircraft. This report provides a semi-quantitative description of results of obtained during overwater flight trials of the AN/AAD-2 infrared line scanner. Infrared imagery of surface effects produced by submarines operating on the surface, while snorkelling, at periscope depth, and at 100-ft depth (but positively buoyant) is presented.

, Imagery of ships suggests use of passive infrared imaging devices for nighttime detection and classification of surface vessels. Imagery of the surface expression of natural *bulk sea teircipe-ratu~e suuctu-r-ce eug~&tt tht 11titc cl t'h1.·•'l:"llll'fl '!1Vlr,rdn'!f'. devices as adjuncts to sonar for inferring acoustic propagation characteristics.

20 Ol~TRIBUTIONiAVAllABlllTY OF ABSTRACT Q UNCl.ASSIFl~OIUN!.IMITED GJ SAME AS RPT

22a NAME OF RESPONSoqlE INOIVIDUAL PAUL M. MOSfR

21

21b TELEPHONE (Include Area Code) .. Ut Off'ICE ~YM80t (21.5) 441-1873 soc

DD FORM 1473, 84 MA'I 83 APR ed1t1on may be used unto I e1thausted All othe1 ed1t1ons are obsolete

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION Of THIS PAGE

. --.... .... .,._ ...

TICliNICAL NOTE A.llU30Rll .IIFRAJ!S) OCl,AMOCllU.PBIC MAPPINO (U)

- •· . - - -· ~ -- ~ - - - - --- - - ---~ ~ - ~ -- ~ -- ~ --Ont ot Jl:lib,e t.vo pftaal7' H&S:DM h'l' the exietence ot th,e U. S, Nav,y

le,r, ta tUla ot war, to o&tl"ol the un ot the naa tor U .. s. purpona a.ad .._. th.tr u.11 to the tUU1· Sino. control tollow111 t:rom k:aowledge lt 'Wolll.ld. bt 'PPl"O$lr:tat111 th.at ·\be tY, e. Nll"Y have t.he clare1t understand• :bll t.h.- 1,ea;,1.. Yet, 1 t -. btc. •1d that m.ore i,1 k:aon about the moon Iba h know. a'°ut the ooeae., Wtth the eOfl1n«i ot the nmuiae and the 1.l:rplae a ~d: ~•ion ha• be• ad'lied ·t;o \he tom1r two-4ltm.1ndonal dcaetft to be co11ttr1cll4"1. The u.1 .. 1.1. ha1 r·•tpondt.d by a 1:re111.,t1y in .. cr11,,1ed .i"Art ~~hie a;u4ie•---the u. s. 11 l1:.111n,r in 1t.ud1H ot t!lh ''iMM" IP&'Clc" ia much the 1u. manner u the 1tudie1 ot outer IP·••·· The ftl"!feilluc• the :etiu to detect, to cla.1ut1.r,, and to mon-1\clr hoatilt ·vehid1•• ie one ot the mo•t critical in.1redient111 or any program Of an:t,i-aul:al.r·iM nrtare. find S'Ul:a.ar1:na tar1eta eonsiat-ntly requi~ a ta:r more ext.n1be kaowlEtdp ot the tea iterelf than cv:r•tlr pl'acva i.b,,

The ll"OU, tb:at I re:preact hu blMfl invntilating pol!UtibiH ty ot d.ete;ti,~g sUblartnes by d•teot1!ll •tteots p:roduoed by thllUll on the aurfaee

tM c~. ett«ri b 1 ehan,a of sari'aee water tl!mlptl."'tlttire: ta yf!J<;e ot a eubll.11r~ dl,uai, to a 1tirrin1 of 1:1u:wu1•taee watei- 0£ di.f' ... ferent teflll;l,watur1 to l'O:rface.. ~ '\Ute ot pue:i.ve, ai:rborne, infrared m.,,:lng d••ice11, d.e14n,acl ortgtmll;r tor reconna11H1,anoe, we ha:n been able obta.:l..rl t!Mnal piotur• or •• nrtace, wl:rlch W1d1:r oer-tam, not ... olearly-~ettoed «ialiti9Jt111. rev.al surface etfects prod.uoed b;,v t!U'l:nfl'l"8~d ,1:ubluil14ta,. A1 by-pn:iduet1, we have discovered an ~.nt•resting p.Mirt~on, that po1ntit crut the Tallie of airbonua infrared imaging dev1tHtS 1:1 o·ea~h:l:e inat"81ew; n b&"V'9 inferred a potetial meth.od ot im ... Pl"·O'rias &oiiar 'N:all•• ba,Md on utilbation o.r thte phenomenon,~ we have iftfel"red a pote,tia.l Method by which a t:rtedly subuu1.r1ne m,q el:tecti vel.Y 1hieltl itself against «lllt:eetion by a0:11MU'J we have that detect.ton and, parti,al ela1e1tteat100 ot •urnoe vaa111ls is nen <Jn th,e &mat niants bJ .111e-. ot thne pusive device• an.cl, .t'1nally~ th•ae latter re11ul.t. &\llllll!:t ta1ibllitf ot a •illl•Ue ull'lifl,g an 1ntrare<1 t,w.liB!il:iw qst.em to be UH'd against aurface vH,selfl.

I ahould like ieo take 70u along in our P?V aircraft on a simulated nt:llarine detectioa uercillle with an i,nfra:red mapping device. 'l'he inl'ra­:red pictul'es that I .1how ;you have bun reeor«llid at n:tght. and a1•e taken il"om a ou.r aarc1h,llf *

~--------/us we paH oTer the 'baac.b (ti.pre 1) at Lon, Branch, 1fft' Jern;y en :rout. tbe .operating U''la we Dote et oveZ"flov of cold~ frelh w.ate1• toto the o.ci.._ from tbs. 7-kCM8H take rne:rvoi:r and an ebbi!li tide drawing it the 1oatheai1t.. ,A.e tJ:u11 &1rcraft ad.•ucee at 170 knots at a

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roreeentati?'8 altitude of 2000 feet, ov intra:red de:v1oe swe.p1 out a 01cntlnu.w1 1tr~p ap 2300 1ud:1 Ylt.\e. !'bout 16,000 relative t.emperature me.anx-.. nts·-••ach ol.' a\\01.lt o.oso,• resolutiott·--a.re made each aeci:md a Neot'dAtd HqJ;ier:tt1a.ll}" oa Jh.oto1t"aph1.c ti.la ill the tom of an imap auob t.hl.t was uea.e QPear lf.lht ad co•l &real appu.r dark. 1.)ptcally 1

en area. ot 19) ·~· nautical al.lee --. be 1\U"f.,.d p.r hour•--a 10...lmot ocee.opaf.lld.c Yea1a1 would req1d»e 1.3.M.1t tou aonttb1 to cover a.a equiv• t.l•t ar•· ll'urti.heraore, !.11 tba. lat\er e&ft, tht ompluton ot the oca&n hd••• Wl!lld have dml.., so mM1 t4Jrl11 d.V!.ng the meaa\U"eatmt p11riod that. ml.1 t.te mo8 p~t teatures--.. ,fll;Qb •• the Qult Strea,m ....... would lM discemible. !ht1 pt.ct.'U'e (f1p.rt 2), .a 7'10-rard lone view ct the ocea.n ott tong 1Jre.noh., 1howa ·OM of ~ly Nferal .._rcat.1011 lints ~ par-allel to the ehore, llbieh l'*Pr•••nt ptrhap1 a 1h11.rmg of the iuhore tidal cunitnta ap:inlt pe'rll.iCl.ent oetanic eurMnts. A1:1 we oroH th• cc,astal ~Wkll lUH• ve enemmter first a ship (f1gu.re 3) with three hot 111t>aci:a and then one (ttcu:r. 4) with one hot 1t&ok. Nm we paH over a •h::lp ( w:h1ch, f'"rl,)Jn 1 ts dimensions and the plaoeinent ot 1t1 two et.ack1, appe1.re to be t destroyer. ThHe pictures suggest the posri.ble utllhat:l..on a putive infrared 111app1n1 device :tor the niptt~ d~t.eotion and p-.rt,ial cl&Hification of surfl.ce vHsels, In a4d:tt:i:on., since a stack servtuil' as 1.11 excellent beacon in the tnter-111.lild.iate wav•fl,ength intrared. l!ij'>N'trum, pet'haps a family of Sidmnder .. lik• d.neloptd fox· use against surtaoe vesuls.

&all7, n .ar~·i ve 1n the nl:nar1ne eperatq area ud we rect:igrd.H the subaa:f'ine (tigurt 6) on the aur~ as a. warim, 1tackle1111. ra.th1r

de.ti~ ob)ect apmat the 1ea baekpo'Ulld. We note that on ocea1ion and .1n thil!S partie\tl&:r ar-u., the oaeaw;igr•phlc cond1t101u1

a::re that a !inely-11rl:lched;1, l.:l.ne-H .. ke, w&ku ifl be1ng gm'lented.

other oec.aeio:ae ve hav111 ~o.Pded va:rm wakes ( t'igtu"e 7) .ueh a.a a .ui.a:rine operating at JIU1.imm peri1ccpe dapth ha1 generat.d in th11 ct.le. We note in pictuft that th.e 1ublartne bu ptu1111d. trom a re .. gioa . .n.ere the &\lrf'1oce w1.tt1::r :l.1 oool to on11 where it becemes abruptly a few tgths o.t a. desree warm1~1r,. th• cool portion the wake appo?>e pul'f'y; in the va'.f'll :Lt &PP'Hra 111io:r1 like a slick. We note also e aa:iparent &bearing adjaae11.t water aasaes takblg place since the wake ts d1.scwt1nu.oua alo!:J .. g the line ot' d:e1t1arcat1on. If' we are opera,ting in an area where there are diVeJ"l:i.ns current.II we may ob1Hn•ve a natural up-welling <:if water to auri"a.oe:. Wo btilien that this infrared scene (figure 8), i•ecorded. ott" the coa.lt ot Maine, apicts such a phenomenon, Alsc of interest in this picture is a 2..mtle long vake ot a snork•ling subma:riru;i:.. cm. the original negati:fe it appears strikingly like an air­ol'"alt contrail again.st a baekgrm.md of clouds.

,,, e ,,.wlively_ 6'.•y#ff. eonJ1t.1•11 We requut the 1W.lilll''ine to op·'ltra('te/!oat a keel chwpth ot 100 .feet at a

l!Jt•ed of 6 kl'lots. !hen we 11rap· the a.r•a in tron. t ot tbe sul::aarine (:tigure 9) to ~ a.51:itu\J!t cNditin1 tJl:I a•tlllar:tne with ceneratiq 11.flT aurt'ace patterns that ~ be of' natural or:l.lm• lie tee a natural background pattern whioh we cc use u a :geograpM .. eal refeHnce •

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:bt ~··. n.lim#1JI.• t.roa tatt 110 ~t. W• •·•• a •Wl•• ot ·u 'D• Olld aplUble produced on th• 1urifac1 b7 pa1.1.a1• ot

...... u.. .. . . "ti )1.C\tr• (;ft~• U) of th• aama .-. WM riacorded on the.~ .w-.n··.,..· .. JJ.·~• •fl~'h•P~ ••· Now a 1ee mo11"• .'Plllhts

"' •• ·mtu11 alft~ttrs -. .,. •• ot tht• n•r1~~h. :tt 11 itrti·1rie1t.:tq to .... ._, tna a~l pet~t• ot the aubml.ftl:te.J, at the time ot th1•

· 1, w~a •bwt. l/t Illa ~d the 1111e r·epr.-el),ted by the righ.t ~· ~t• ptoture. fA•• wae u btll'ftl ct abo1lt 9 lltnutea betne t._ t!alrl .-NI• ot tbe .hhllarin• •4 th• t'ilte CJt A;P1'6WfNl or the

o~C . on tbe · 1urtM11. Al~h we ae:mot ._. .actl1 What lif!Ul~~l- ire i~lvUd in w fenm"&t,ion ot theae ~n1rfe.c.e ettecta, we lltl.:Y~lll . .aot..d in th._ a~ ~t1, a1 well a• in model tank •2J?•t"" Wirt.•••· h.._ .. ._ OGQd:uct1:ng, a "8pedaot. on a ve1•ti.cal. \ ... eriati.tre s;Nd:t•ut ta th.e wa:tv.. Sino. •on1r nmpa u. :reduced: •:11itt1 dra:sttca:Lly tn 111h11l!"t '""nr fl"U.att ah.t, 1 t mq be interred that int.rared. Rte . . t..1:611 t.W. tl*t .over • t.1\1 prtlllaey me•an• ot s1'.bmariae d1t1a .. ttcn llth:f!!n --.r· c.ot1:d1ti:(1n1 aft poorut. Oar 1Ubla.rged: rwt h&1 been o-.. J!lM.811.!14 t.ba 1r11~e (~ U!) ta now oper&t1ng '* the surface. 1*11111J>t tor that part. ot ttie bni11 eneloaq tM e~e roms in its after• 1111wt*-1., .·~· ll\\'*11:l'ltlill .. tl:9W .,.1ra cooler than the eurt.ace water ...... perh4'1>1

t11> Gp't.ri1~11q. ct t• eooler 111Pth1 r pem.,a du.a to a dte.rea•ll t• .. ;>·~n .o:~ 1'he ai:r balt'l'ff that of tbie ._._ .,,,_,.r, th..e mo•t 1t:r1ld.~ ~Ml't of tht• pinlilrlt ii not the sum.rine bUt th.a elllinous-loOktng, 1t.l"i&~; ~i~ .. Uke e:wuot.ure tr• Which it he.s jut •.-ged. Let me dN.Y an 111:~el.01¥ b•~· th:tl •th....:1 clo.tt1 in tih• ocean end 1 oloud in tb• atn1nr.pb1J11re1 ~t not • nblllrine 1ubme:r:gMt in tb11 11themal c10'Ud11

be· HOUl'!e .-.ptut •onar Mt.oc!'!bion in mu.ob the 1 111m:1 ... ,r as all'l aireratt hidtn1 1n a atmioapha~ cloud 1o .ten:.e t.pinst Yi·••l det•ction? low 1a.t •• ttl~t. ttwi -l• a*t a d.1tlenn\. liu. Woul4 :H1 not be tool­i,•h..,. • .i~t.wc~ 11t~~ to opente .in a. alo'\a'd 4ec::1k while "&t>•h· 11!Ja:· ·~·Ir .tu' - .,.,.. ai:rO&'dtf So alfl'O it .,. - flqe!ttlly UDBat1111 .. !actoir.v to .-.•• a ~ chn'i••~ethe:r it b!i' on a a.t~l' or in a i!Mn~Uc.1"'_..n.d tn •• ot tb.e "t~enal al cuds. 1'1 An airborn.e :tntN.-t-ad: qst.R ·p:ro.vildinJ the.nul ot the ooea:n .i!lllJ'f&:.C'ti ma,y be dtl"&llll1 ft.~ue in l\IW a.'!11 ui adjunct t,o sor1ar.

Row wr 1ial.1Gea _..,. ta oompleted and •• h•d be.ck land. • p.1.11 C'ffil' l•nMt&at ·lUQ' (ftl!'1'0 lj} we 1ic• in the water a :re:giol!l 1Uft"~ei ·1:t1 a w:a~ a!'ea. l1pioa c..,l•tion 01.' the tliS'ibt we note on a Coan.·~ <le1uMt.ie ·hnwy ._... ot the area (tt.&Ure 14) a distinct cor­"'~ '-,.,.._. tfN. l)a\\ern on our tM'lft&l .np ad thlJ bc>ttom a.mi; ..

~:i:-• or tbe lair. ·

lb '""el~ 'l:ltt • ~- tl.M hope tbat I h&va eonVil'Jfed to ;rou ~'' id:eatt

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-88RPflf!fFIAr First, a much better underste.nding of our oceans is needed and air­

borne infrared imaging syatefus can serve as valuable instruments in achieving this understanding.

Second, infrared studies of the oceans and the vessels plying them can suggest many new types of military operations and weapons,

Third, infrared devices exhibit considerable potential for submarine detection in their own right as well as serving as adjuncts to others.

(6) lloJ Y.H:" Moser

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FIGURE l - Infrared Picture RecordPd hy AJJ/AAD-2 of Takanassee Lake Reservcir Overflow ir:to the Atlantic Ocea.n

FIGPRE 2 - Infrared Picture of Ocean off Long Branch. N. J. Shewing Thermal Discontinuity Atcut 5000 Yards Offshore

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FIGURE 5 - Int·rared Pictur~ of Ship With Two Hot Stacks

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FIGURE 7 - Infrared Picture Recorded by IJl/AAR-9 of a Natural Sea Surface Pattern and Warm Wake from a Submarine at Periscope Depth

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FIGURE 8 - !Ii£rared Picture Recorded by IJl/AAD-2 of a Natural Sea Surface Patte::'Il and a Cold Puffy Wake Generated b~ a Snorkeling Sutmarine

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1'DIJKI 10 - Inf'rared Picture Recorded Daring Passage o~ 100-Ft Deep Submarine Through .~ea Shown

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FIGURE 12 - I:n1'rared Picture of Subllarine on Surface and Natural "11.ermal Pattern on Ocean Surface

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26 Aug 2016

MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD

FROM: Division Director EO & Special Mission Sensors, Avionics, Sensors and E*

Warfare Dept (AIR 4.5.6

TO: Office of Counsel, Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division (NAWCAD)

Subj: SECURITY RECOMMENDAION FOR FOIA REQUEST, DON FOIA CASE

FILE NUMBER 2015-008952

Ref: (a) SECNAVINST 5720.42F, DON FOIA Program, 06 Jan 99

(b) Executive Order 13526

1. Recommendation. AIR 4.5.6 reviewed each document and has the following

recommendations listed by each separate document covered under the subject:

a. Document (2) of Subj. NAVAIRDEVCEN Report No NADC-AW-N5916, 5 Jun 1959,“Submarine Wake Detection Program” (AD-C955796). Information found to beunclassified and releasable in its entirety.

b. Document (3) of Subj. NAVAIRDEVCEN Report No NADC-AW-N5917, 8 Oct 1959,“Infrared Wake Detection” (AD-C955804). Information found to be unclassified andreleasable in its entirety.

c. Document (4) of Subj. NAVAIRDEVCEN Report No. NADC-AW-L5932, 23 Feb 1960,“Submarine Wake Detection” (AD-C955797). Portions of the report found to be classified under Section 3.3(4) under reference (b). Remaining portions of the document found to be unclassified and releasable.

d. Document (5) of Subj. NAVAIRDEVCEN Report No. NADC-AW-L6005, 30 Mar 1962,“Submarine Wake Detection, Flight Trials of the Reconofax Camera” (AD-C955798).Information found to be unclassified and releasable in its entirety.

e. Document (6) of Subj. NAVAIRDEVCEN Report No. NADC-AW-N6207, 3 May 1962,“Airborne Infrared Oceanographic Mapping” (AD-C955799). Information found to beunclassified and releasable in its entirety.

f. Document (7) of Subj. NAVAIRDEVCEN Report No. NADC-AW-N6208, 8 Jun 1962,“NAVAIRDEVCEN Airborne Infrared Developments” (AD-C955801). Information found tobe unclassified and releasable in its entirety.

g.

h. Document (11) of Subj. NAVAIRDEVCEN Report No. NADC-AW-N6304, 20 Jun 1963, “Use of an Airborne Passive Infrared Mapping Set for Submarine Wake Studies” (AD-338356L). Portions of the report are found to be exempted under reference (b) Section 3.3(6). Remaining portions of the document found to be unclassified and releasable.

i. Document (12) of Subj. NAVAIRDEVCEN Report No. NADC-AW-6303, 31 Jul 1963, Submarine Wake Detection, Flight Trials of the AN/AAD-2 Infrared Mapping Set in a Cessna 310-B Aircraft” (AD-340804). Information found to be unclassified and releasable in its entirety.

j.

k. Document (14) of Subj. NAVAIRDEVCEN Report No. NADC-87161-50, 28 Oct 1987, “Applications of Airborne Passive Infrared Mapping Devices to Military Oceanography” (Reprinted from Proceedings of the First U.S. Navy Symposium on Military Oceanography, Volume II, 17-19 June 1964) (AD-C042316). Information found to be unclassified and releasable in its entirety.

l. Document (15) of Subj. NAVAIRDEVCEN Report No. NADC-AW-6421, 27 Aug-1964, “Infrared Radiation from Ships” (AD-353610L). Portions of the report found to be exempt under reference (b) Section 3.3(6). Remaining portions of the document found to be unclassified and releasable.

m.

n.

o.

2. Basis of Recommendation. All information was reviewed with current class guides and

what is considered open source information. Appropriate recommendations made above

with respect to findings. Documents found with portions releasable were sanitized based

on class guides and reference (b). Such disclosure of Department of the Navy classified

information would give potential adversaries insight that would present a significant

threat to national security.

3. Exemptions Utilized. Two separate exemptions were utilized in the determination of what

information should be sanitized or exempted from release via Freedom of Information

Act (FOIA) request process. All current Classified Military Information (CMI) has been

sanitized out of the document under FOIA Exemption 3, Executive Order 13526 Sections

3.3(4) and 3.3(6). This Executive Order Section covers CMI that was originally classified

over 25 years ago from date of this memorandum. Subject matter experts within AIR

4.5.6 were utilized in making the exemption determinations.

4. Point of Contact. The point of contact for this security review and recommendation is Mr.

Paul W. Reimel, AIR 4.5.6 Division Director, paul.reimel@navy.mil, 301-342-0100.

8/30/2016

X Paul W. Reimel

Paul W. Reimel

Signed by: REIMEL.PAUL.W.1229241016

Distribution:

NAWCAD 7.4

NAWCAD 4.5.6