TL-Terms and Definition

8/12/2019 TL-Terms and Definition

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DTM-UI

2. Terms and Definition


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DTM-UI

Welding Terminology & Definitions

What is a Weld? A localised coalescence of metals or non-metals

produced either by heating the materials to the

welding temperature, with or without the application of

pressure, or by the application of pressure alone

(AWS)

A permanent union between materials caused by heat,

and or pressure (BS499)

An Autogenous weld:A weld made with out the use of a filler material and

can only be made by TIG or Oxy-Gas Welding


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DTM-UI

Welding Terminology & Definitions

What is a Joint?

The junction of members or the edges of membersthat are to be joined or have been joined (AWS)

A configuration of members (BS499)


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DTM-UI Joint Terminology

Edge Open & Closed Corner Lap

Tee ButtCruciform


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DTM-UIWeld Terminology

Compound weld

Fillet weldButt weld

Edge weld

Spot weld

Plug weld


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DTM-UI Welded Butt Joints

A_________Welded butt joint

Butt

A_________Welded butt joint

Fillet

A____________Welded butt joint

Compound


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DTM-UIWelded Tee Joints

A_________Welded T jointFillet

A_________Welded T jointButt

A____________Welded T jointCompound


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DTM-UI Butt Preparations Sizes

Full Penetration Butt Weld

Partial Penetration Butt Weld

Design Throat

Thickness

Design Throat

Thickness

Actual Throat

Thickness

Actual Throat

Thickness


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DTM-UIWeld Zone Terminology

WeldBoundary

C

A B

D

HeatAffectedZone

Root

Weldmetal

A, B, C & D = Weld Toes

Face


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DTM-UI Weld Zone Terminology

Excess RootPenetration

ExcessCap height

or WeldReinforcement

Weld cap width

Design

ThroatThickness

Actual Throat

Thickness


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DTM-UI Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)

tempered zone

grain growth zone

recrystallised zone

partially transformed zone

Maximum

Temperature

solid-liquid Boundarysolid

weld

metal

unaffected base

material


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DTM-UIJoint Preparation Terminology

Included angle

Root GapRoot Face

Angle of

bevel

Root FaceRoot Gap

Included angle

RootRadius

Single-V Butt Single-U Butt


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DTM-UI Joint Preparation Terminology

Root Gap

Root Face Root FaceRoot Gap

Root

Radius

Single Bevel Butt Single-J Butt

Angle of bevel Angle of bevel

Land


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DTM-UI Single Sided Butt Preparations

Single Bevel Single Vee

Single-J Single-U

Single sided preparations are normally made on thinner

materials, or when access form both sides is restricted


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DTM-UI Double Sided Butt Preparations

Double sided preparations are normally made on thicker

materials, or when access form both sides is unrestricted

-VeeDouble-BevelDouble

- JDouble - UDouble


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DTM-UIWeld Preparation

Terminology & Typical Dimensions: V-Joints

bevel angle

root face

root gap

included angle

Typical Dimensions

bevel angle 30 to 35

root face ~1.5 to ~2.5mm

root gap ~2 to ~4mm


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DTM-UI Butt Weld - Toe Blend

6 mm

80

Poor Weld Toe Blend Angle

Improved Weld Toe Blend

Angle

20

3 mm

Most codes quote the weld

toes shall blend smoothly

This statement is not

quantitative and therefore

open to individual

interpretation

The higher the toe blend

angle the greater the

amount of stress

concentration

The toe blend angle ideally

should be between 20o-30o


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DTM-UI

Fillet Weld Features

Design

Throat

Vertical

Leg

Length

Horizontal leg

Length

Excess

Weld

Metal


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DTM-UI Fillet Weld Throat Thickness

b

a

b = Actual Throat Thickness

a = Design Throat Thickness


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DTM-UI Deep Penetration Fillet Weld Features 2.13

b

a

b = Actual Throat Thickness

a = Design Throat Thickness


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DTM-UI Fillet Weld Sizes

Calculating Throat Thickness from a known Leg Length:

Design Throat Thickness = Leg Length x 0.7

Question: The Leg length is 14mm.

What is the Design Throat?

Answer: 14mm x 0.7 = 10mm Throat Thickness


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Calculating Leg Length from a known Design Throat

Thickness:

Leg Length = Design Throat Thickness x 1.4

Question: The Design Throat is 10mm.

What is the Leg length?

Answer: 10mm x 1.4 = 14mm Leg Length


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DTM-UI Features to Consider 2

Importance of Fillet Weld Leg Length Size

Approximately the same weld volume in both Fillet

Welds, but the effective throat thickness has been

altered, reducing considerably the strength of weld B

2mm

(b)

4mm

8mm

(a)

4mm


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Importance of Fillet weld leg length Size

Area = 4 x 4 = 8mm2

2

Area = 6 x 6 = 18mm2

2The c.s.a. of(b) is overdouble the area of(a) without the

extra excess weld metal being added

4mm 6mm

(a) (b)

4mm 6mm

(a) (b)

Excess

Excess


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DTM-UI Fillet Weld Profiles

Mitre Fillet Convex Fillet

Concave Fillet

A concave profileis preferred for

joints subjected to

fatigue loading

Fi llet welds - Shape

C


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DTM-UI

EFFECTIVE THROAT THICKNESS

s = Effective throat thickness

sa

a = Nominal throat thickness

Deep penetration fillet welds from high heat

input welding process MAG, FCAW & SAW etc

Fillet Features to Consider


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DTM-UI

Welding Positions

PA 1G / 1F Flat / Downhand

PB 2F Horizontal-Vertical

PC 2G Horizontal

PD 4F Horizontal-Vertical (Overhead)

PE 4G Overhead

PF 3G / 5G Vertical-Up

PG 3G / 5G Vertical-Down

H-L045 6G Inclined Pipe (Upwards)

J-L045 6G Inclined Pipe (Downwards)


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DTM-UI

Welding Positions

ISO

DTM UI W ldi i i d i i


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DTM-UI Welding position designationButt welds in plate (see ISO 6947)

Flat - PA Overhead - PE

Vertical

up - PF

Vertical

down - PG

Horizontal - PC

DTM UI W ldi iti d i ti


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DTM-UI Welding position designationButt welds in pipe (see ISO 6947)

Flat - PA

axis: horizontal

pipe: rotated

H-L045

axis: inclined at

45 pipe: fixed

Horizontal - PC

axis: vertical

pipe: fixed

Vertical up - PF

axis: horizontal

pipe: fixed

Vertical down - PG

axis: horizontal

pipe: fixed

J-L045

axis: inclined at

45 pipe: fixed



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DTM-UI Welding position designationFillet welds on plate (see ISO 6947)

Flat - PA Overhead - PD

Vertical up - PF Vertical down - PG

Horizontal - PB



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DTM-UI Welding position designationFillet welds on pipe (see ISO 6947)

Flat - PAaxis: inclined at

45

pipe: rotated

Overhead - PDaxis: vertical

pipe: fixed

Vertical up - PFaxis: horizontal

pipe: fixed

Vertical down - PGaxis: horizontal

pipe: fixed

Horizontal - PBaxis: vertical

pipe: fixed

Horizontal - PBaxis: horizontal

pipe: rotated

DTM UI /


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DTM-UI Plate/Fillet Weld Positions

PA / 1GPA / 1F

PC / 2GPB / 2F

PD / 4FPE / 4G PG / 3G

PF / 3G

DTM UI Pipe Welding Positions


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DTM-UI Pipe Welding Positions

Weld: Flat

Pipe: rotated

Axis: Horizontal

PA / 1G

Weld: Vertical Downwards

Pipe: Fixed

Axis: Horizontal

PG / 5G

Weld: Vertical upwards

Pipe: Fixed

Axis: Horizontal

PF / 5G

Weld: Upwards

Pipe: Fixed

Axis: Inclined

Weld: Horizontal

Pipe: Fixed

Axis: Vertical

PC / 2G

45o

Weld: Downwards

Pipe: Fixed

Axis: Inclined

J-LO 45 / 6G

45o

H-LO 45 / 6G

DTM UI


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DTM-UIJoint Type

DTM UIi


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DTM-UIJoint type

DTM UIJ i R


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DTM-UIJoint Root

DTM UIG F d R F


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DTM-UIGroove Face and Root Face

DTM-UISi l G W ld J i


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DTM-UISingle Groove Weld Joints

DTM-UID bl G W ld J i t


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DTM UIDouble Groove Weld Joints

DTM-UI Beve Ang e Groove Ang e Groove


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DTM UI Beve Ang e, Groove Ang e, GrooveRadius

DTM-UIS W ld d S t W ld


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DTM UISeam Welds and Spot Welds

DTM-UIW ldi P iti d G W ld


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DTM UIWelding Position and Groove Welds

DTM-UIW ldi P iti d Fill t W ld


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DTM UIWelding Position and Fillet Welds

DTM-UIW ldi P iti d Pi W ldi


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DTM UIWelding Position and Pipe Welding

DTM-UIWelding Sequence


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Welding Sequence

DTM-UIParts of a Weld


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Parts of a Weld

DTM-UIJoint Penetration


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Joint Penetration

DTM-UIWeld Flaws


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Weld Flaws

DTM-UI


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DTM-UI


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DTM-UI


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DTM-UIHeat Input


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Heat Input

EfficiencyV

IUQ

1000

60

Where:

Q = heat input (kJ/mm)

U = voltage (V)I = current (A)

V = welding speed ( mm/min)

Efficiency

MMA = 0.75

MIG/MAG = 0.90SAW = 0.90

TIG = 0.80

DTM-UIDistortion


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Distortion

DTM-UIWelding Penetration


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Welding Penetration

TL-Terms and Definition

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