TITRATIONS & THEIR CALCULATIONS

TITRATIONS• A titration is a laboratory technique used to find

the concentration of a solution

• Titrations are used to measure the molarity of a solution using a standard solution.

• A Standard Solution is one with a precisely known concentration

TITRATION• During a titration, the standard solution and

solution with an unknown concentration

• A Burette is used to add on solution to another• A burette can add a solution to another while

carefully measuring the volume added

• If we know the volume added AND the concentration (from the standard solution) we can calculate the moles of reactant added

TITRATION

• We will only talk about acid-base titrations (mixing and acid and base)

• During an acid-base titration, an acid reacts with a base (a compound with OH-) in a double replacement reaction to form water

TITRATION• Before titrating, an indicator is added to the

solution.

• An Indicator changes colour when a reaction is neutralized • Neutralized means the moles of acid and base

are equal

• When the solution is neutralized, we call that the endpoint of the titration

• Since we can calculate the moles added and the moles of acid and base are equal, we can calculate the unknown.

TITRATION

• When performing a titration, it is important to reach the proper endpoint• If you add too much, the moles you calculate will be wrong

and you did a whole experiment for NOTHING!

TITRATION CALCULATIONS• A TITRATION CALCULATION IS A SIMPLE

STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATION. FOLLOW THE 4 STEPS:• BALANCE THE EQUATION• GO TO MOLES• REBALANCE• GO WHERE IT ASKS

EXAMPLE 1:

• WHAT VOLUME OF 0.32 M NITRIC ACID IS NEEDED TO NEUTRALIZE 26 ML OF 0.22 M CALCIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION?

EXAMPLE 2:

• WHAT VOLUME OF 0.80 MOL/L KOH IS NEEDED TO NEUTRALIZE 15.0 ML OF 0.65 M H2SO4?